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4. Wrkplace Env & Ergonomics Part1
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Transcript of 4. Wrkplace Env & Ergonomics Part1
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
Ergonomics is a work of selection, work ofenvironment and inventions of the tools.
1633 to 1714 shows complaint about Disease ofworkers with occupations and musculoskeletal.
1713 the complaint was written and published by
Bernardino Ramazinni .
1857 Wojciech Jastzebowksi created a special wordas ERGONOMICS in the philosophical description.
This was based on the truths drawn from the Science
of Nature
1900s people were working with machine tools and
HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS
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Ergonomics is the combination of two Greek words;ergonwhich means work and nomoswhich meanslaws.
This word is being used to describe the science of
designing the job.
All aspects from physical to environmental factors are
covered in the ergonomics.
The study of relationship between people and their
workplace comes under ergonomics.
W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS
nerves, joints,
muscles, tendonsand bones
hearing, vision
and generalhealth
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE
General Workstation Design Principles
Make the workstation adjustable, enabling both large and
small persons to fit comfortably and reach materials easily.
Locate all materials and tools in front of the workertoreduce twisting motions. Provide sufficient work space for
the whole body to turn.
Avoid static loads, fixed work postures, and job
requirements in which operators must frequently or for longperiods.
lean to the front or the side,
hold a limb in a bent or extended position,
tilt the head forward more than 15 degrees, or
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE
General Workstation Design Principles
Set the work surface above elbow height for tasks
involving fine visual details and below elbow height for
tasks requiring downward forces and heavy physical effort. Provide adjustable, properly designed chairs with the
following features:-
adjustable seat height,
adjustable up and down back rest, including a lumbar(lower-back) support
padding that will not compress more than an inch under
the weight of a seated individual
A chair that is stable to floor at all times (5-leg base)
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE
General Workstation Design Principles
Allow the workers, at their discretion, to alternate between
sitting and standing. Provide floor mats orpadded surfaces
for prolonged standing. Support the limbs: provide elbow, wrist, arm, foot, and back
rests as needed and feasible.
Use gravity to move materials.
Design the workstation so that arm movements arecontinuous and curved. Avoid straight-line, jerking arm
motions.
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE
General Workstation Design Principles
Design so arm movements pivot about the elbow rather
than around the shoulder to avoid stress on shoulder,
neck, and upper back. Design the primary work area so that arm movements or
extensions ofmore than 15 in. are minimized.
Provide dials and displays that are simple, logical, and
easy to read, reach, and operate. Eliminate or minimize the effects ofundesirable
environmental conditions such as excessive noise, heat,
humidity, cold, and poor illumination.
*Adapted from design checklists developed by Dave Ridyard, CPE, CIH, CSP.Applied Ergonomics Technology, 270 Mather Road, Jenkintown, PA 19046-
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE
Risky Actions & Position Examples
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE
Risky Actions & Position Examples
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
WORKSTATION DESIGN PRINCIPLE
Risky Actions & Position Examples
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1. Keep everything within easy reach
2. Work at proper height
3. Reduce excessive force
4. Work in good posture5. Reduce excessive repetition
6. Minimize fatigue
7. Minimize direct pressure
8. Provide adjustability and change of posture9. Provide clearance and access
10. Maintain a comfortable environment
11. Enhance clarity and understanding
12. Improve work organization
12 ERGONOMICS PRINCIPLES
H I R A R C
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Ergonomic Risk Assessment
A risk assessment is defined as a careful examination
ofpotential hazardous factors that could cause harm
to people in the workplace.
Why the need to do a MSD Risk Assessment?
Doing a risk assessment will help employers identify
the significant risks in their workplace, and preventMusculoskeletal disorders (MSD) from developing.
A good risk assessment for occupational health will
help avoid accidents and computer injuries. These
injuries affect job satisfaction, company morale.
W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
ERGONOMIC RISK
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Why the need to do a MSD Risk Assessment?
They also affect the bottom lines of companies as
these computer injuries lead to higher employee
turnover, compensation claims and higher insurance
premiums.
An ergonomic risk assessment can be as
straightforward as ensuring no one slips and falls
down the stairs, or that wires are carefully tucked
away, avoiding tripping someone or getting an
employee electrocuted.
W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
ERGONOMIC RISK
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What are CTDs?
They are injuries to muscles,
tendons and nerves, which
affect certain parts of the bodysuch as hands, wrists, elbows,
shoulders, neck, back and
knees.
Workers experience pain and
difficulty when work requires
use of the injured part.
H I R A R C
CUMULATIVE TRAUMADISORDERS
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What are MSDs?
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are
among the most common disorders to be considered in
designing workcells and work stations.Here are the most common WMSDs, symptoms and risk
factors.
H I R A R C
MUSCULOSKELETALDISORDERS
Other Terms for WMSD
Repetitive motion injuries Repetitive strain injuries
Cumulative trauma disorders
Overuse syndrome
Soft tissue disorders
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
ERGONOMIC RISK
Disorders Occupational riskfactors
Symptoms
Tendonitis/tenosynovitis
Repetitive wrist motions
Repetitive shoulder
motionsSustained hyper
extension of arms
Prolonged load on
shoulders
Pain, weakness,
swelling, burningsensation or dull
ache over affected
area
Epicondylitis (elbow
tendonitis)
Repeated or forceful
rotation of the forearm
and bending of the wrist
at the same time
Same symptoms
as tendonitis
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
ERGONOMIC RISK
Disorders Occupational riskfactors
Symptoms
Carpal tunnel syndrome Repetitive wrist motions
Pain, numbness,
tingling, burningsensations,
wasting of muscles
at base of thumb,
dry palm
DeQuervain's diseaseRepetitive hand twisting
and forceful gripping
Pain at the base of
thumb
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
ERGONOMIC RISK
Disorders Occupational riskfactors
Symptoms
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Prolonged shoulder
flexionExtending arms above
shoulder height
Carrying loads on the
shoulder
Pain, numbness,
swelling of the
hands
Tension neck syndromeProlonged restricted
posturePain
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
Five Steps You Can Take To Perform your OwnRisk Assessment.
Step 1: Identify the Hazards A hazard is anything that can cause harm - glare, chemicals, weight, sharp edges etc.
Ask yourself these questions:
- Are there too many boxes, or things in the common areas which might cause someone
to trip?
- Are your wires carefully tucked away? Are there too many electrical appliances
connected to one socket?
- Is it time to clear the clutter? Are files and documents taking up space on the desk,under the desk causing your employees to work in a cramped condition? It could also be
a fire hazard.
- Are your monitors at ergonomic eye level? Do the work chairs have adequate back
support?
- Are your employees taking breaks? Are they varying their tasks instead of being in
static position for long periods of time? Add more questions to this list according to the type of workplace. It is also a good idea
ERGONOMIC RISK
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
Five Steps You Can Take To Perform your OwnRisk Assessment.
Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how
For each hazard, you have to identify who is in a potential
hazardous situation. That will help you manage the risk better.
Some questions you can consider:
- Are there children near your workplace? Will it affect members of
the public?
- Do you have pregnant employees working near hazardousconditions?
- Is it too glaring for people at the corner office where the sun sets
in around 2 to 5 pm?
- Are you putting too much into office storage boxes? The person
who will stack them later may injure his or her back
ERGONOMIC RISK
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
Five Steps You Can Take To Perform your OwnRisk Assessment.
Step 3: Evaluate risks and decide on how you are going to
take precautions
After listing down potential hazards, brainstorm with your
employees on how to eliminate them.
If you cannot eliminate them completely, you'll need to
implement procedures on managing them. For example, you
could put a sign to warn people about the stairways, or label thecoffee pot as "hot" etc.
You could put barriers between the hazardous risk or issue
protective equipment such as footwear, anti-glare protective
computer screens.
ERGONOMIC RISK
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
Five Steps You Can Take To Perform your OwnRisk Assessment.
Step 4: Record your findings and implement them
Put them together and go through them in a ergonomic meeting
with your employees.
That way everyone will be informed and have an increased
awareness of potential risks at the workplace. They can also be
educated on how to sit properly, use their workstations and
computer equipment more ergonomically.
ERGONOMIC RISK
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W O R K P L A C E E N V I R O N M E N T & E R G O N O M I C S
Five Steps You Can Take To Perform your OwnRisk Assessment.
Step 5: Review your assessment and update.
It is normal for us to slack off as times go by and go back to our
old ways.
Date the last time a proper risk assessment was made and
come back to it. Go through it again like a checklist.
Was there any improvements? Were there any problems with its
implementation? Analyze if they were effective. Have a meeting again to review your risk assessments and ask
for feedback.
Hopefully there is a decrease in MSD, and that everyone has
been enjoying a healthier and safer workplace.
ERGONOMIC RISK
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ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS
Contributing Factors
Awkward Posture
Excessive Force Repetitive Motion
Static Loading
Contact Stress
Environmental Factors
Noise
Temperature
Lighting/glare
Vibration
H I R A R C
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EARLY DETECTION AND REPORTINGOF SYMPTOMS
Continuous pain after weeks of involvement in new job
Sudden pain in worker that has been on the same job
for a long time
Pain that is getting worse
Pain that is centered at certain muscles
Signs of numbness and aches
Signs of redness and swelling
H I R A R C
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Know Your Limitations
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Congested WORKSTATION