4- Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source
Transcript of 4- Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source
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Dr. Amirhossein Malakahmad
Civil Engineering Department
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
LO1: Prepare a plan for solid waste and
hazardous waste management
LO2: Analyze the legal requirements
Engineering PrinciplesWaste Handling and Separation,
Storage and Processing at the Source
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Today’s objectives…
At the end of this session you will be able to:
Define fundamentals in waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the sources.
Evaluate storage of solid wastes at the sources and its effects.
Assess the processing of solid wastes at residential dwellings .
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Agamuthu, EU-Asia SWM Conference, 2008
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Agamuthu, EU-Asia SWM Conference, 2008
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Agamuthu, EU-Asia SWM Conference, 2008
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Agamuthu, EU-Asia SWM Conference, 2008
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Agamuthu, EU-Asia SWM Conference, 2008
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Agamuthu, EU-Asia SWM Conference, 2008
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Handling and separation of solid
waste at the source
Handling: activities associated with
managing solid wastes until they are
placed in the container before collection.
Separation: separation of solid waste
including wastepaper, cardboard,
aluminum cans, glass and plastic
containers at the source of generation.
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Waste handling and separation,
storage and processing at the
source
Characteristics of waste
Following functional elements
Public health
Public attitudes
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Waste handling and separation at
residential area
Low-rise under four stories
Medium-rise from four to seven stories
High-rise over seven stories
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Handling at low and medium-rise
apartment
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Basement storage/curbside
collection
Basement storage room is provided for the
storage of solid waste. Typically a container can
be used for recycling.
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Outdoor storage/mechanized collection:
Large waste storage containers are located outdoors.
The large containers are emptied mechanically.
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Handling at high-rise apartment
1. Wastes are picked up by building maintenance personnel from various floors and taken to the basement.
2. Waste taken to the basement by tenants.
3. Wastes are placed by tenants in specially designed vertical chutes with openings located on each floor. Then wastes are collected in large containers.
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Vertical chutes
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Types and sizes of containers for solid waste collection
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Storage of Solid Wastes
at the Source
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Effects of storage on waste components
Biological decomposition
Absorption of fluids
Contamination of waste components
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Biological decomposition
Food and other wastes placed in onsite
storage containers will almost immediately
start to undergo microbiological
decomposition (putrefaction) as a result of
the growth of bacteria and fungi.
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Absorption of fluids
The components that comprise solid wastes have differing initial moisture content, re-equilibration takes place as wastes are stored onsite in containers.
If watertight containers lids are not used, waste can also absorb water from rainfall that enter partially covered containers.
Saturation of waste to their field capacity is a common occurrence in tropical region where it rains on most days.
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Contamination of waste components
The major waste components may be
contaminated by small amount of wastes
such as motor oils, household cleaner and
paints.
The effect of this contamination is to
reduce the value of the individual
components for recycling.
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Processing of Solid Wastes at
Residential Dwellings
Grinding of food wastes
Compaction
Composting
Combustion
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Objectives in processing of solid
wastes
1. Reduce the volume
2. Recover usable materials
3. Change the physical form of solid
wastes
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Food grinder
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Grinding of food wastes
Grinders cause the food preparation, cooking and serving waste that passes through them suitable for transport through the sewer system.
Application of home grinder has resulted in overloading many treatment facilities.
In terms of collection operation, the use of home grinder does not have impact on the volume of solid waste collected.
But it will make possible to increase the time period between collection pick ups.
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Waste compactor
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Compaction
Although the compactors can reduce the original
volume waste up to 70% they can be used for
only a small portion of generated solid waste and
the weight of course remain same.
It is impossible to recover individual components
from compacted waste.
Where incineration is used, the compacted
wastes must be broken up to avoid delayed
combustion in the furnace and high losses of
unburned combustible materials.
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Backyard composting
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Composting
During the composting period the material placed in the pile will undergo bacterial and fungal decomposition until only a humus martial called compost remain.
Composting is an effective way of reducing the volume and altering the physical composition of solid wastes while at the same time producing a useful by-products and can be used as a soil amendment or mulching material.
In terms of home composting on the volume of solid wastes to be handled is relatively small.
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Open burning
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Combustion
Backyard incineration
Open burning
High-rise apartments incinerator Flue-fed incinerator
Chute-fed incinerator
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Discuss the advantegaes and
disadvantages of each method
among your group members and
present in the class.