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Psychoanalytic ApproachesFreud The UnconsciousThe Interpretation of Dreams (1900)Id, Ego, SuperegoDisplacement substitutions of one particular idea for another Condensation compression of the dream thought

Jungian PsychologyMy life has been permeated and held together by one idea and one goal: namely, to penetrate the secret of personality. Everything can be explained from this central point, and all my works relate to this one theme. (M&S, 206)

Ego/SelfThe ego is the center of consciousness, The self is the center of the whole personality, which includes the unconscious.Consciousness - under the control of the ego For indeed our consciousness does not create itself--it wells up from unknown depths. In childhood it awakens gradually, and all through life it wakes each morning out of the depths of sleep from an unconsciousness. It is like a child that is born daily out of the primordial womb of the unconscious....It is not only influenced by the unconscious but continually emerges out of it in the form of numberless spontaneous ideas and sudden flashes of thought. (Letters, 569-70)

The Unconscious The unconscious depicts an extremely fluid state of affairs; everything of which I know, but of which I am not at the moment thinking; everything of which I was once conscious but have now forgotten; everything perceived by my senses, but not noted by my conscious mind; everything which, involuntarily and without paying attention to it, I feel, think, remember, want, and do; all the future things that take shape in me and will sometime come to consciousness; all this is the content of the unconscious. (M&S. 95)

Freud/JungFreud: The Unconscious is exclusively personal even if it has archaic and mythological thought formsJung: The Unconscious consists of the personal and the collective partThe Collective UnconsciousThe collective unconscious contains the whole spiritual heritage of mankinds evolution, born anew in the brain structure of every individual.Instincts & Archetypesthe archetypal images that are the basic content of religions, mythologies, legends, and fairytalesBasic ArchetypesPersona mask, a particular face in the public, outer selfAnima, Animus inner self Shadow- the dark aspects of the personality Archetypes in Art- Prefiguration: Various images from mythology and religionAspects of Maidens - Kore Atena, Artemida, Ariadne, Persephone various heroines from fairy tales princesses good and evil maidens (Cinderellas sisters)Aspects of Mothers Demeter, Leto, Aphrodite, Hecate good and evil aspects, mothers and step mothers in fairy talesAspects of Gods Apollo, Dionysus, Hades, Aspects of Heroes Theseus, Orpheus

Labyrinth in MenTheseus, MinotaurThe Role of AriadneIn folklore & fairy tales (battles with dragons, aid of princesses, supernatural aid, labyrinthian woods, etc.)Minotauromachy

Literary Re-figurationPersephone - earthly and htonic aspect, Self and Shadow; maiden and witch in fairy talesPrince/Frog personality and mask, personality needs to be liberated the role of the PrincessMother/Daughter Archetype the abduction of Persephone, liberation in marriage; Sleeping Beauty in fairy tales, needs to be liberated by the Prince

Mother/Daughter ArchetypeMother Goddesses positive and negative aspects of Mother ArchetypeDemeter, Hecate/KoreMothers in FairytalesRebirth ArchetypeResurrection - submersion in water Water: The vital role (The Waste Land)Mortal/ImmortalOsiris, Dionysus dismembered and resurrected

Trickster Archetype Magician, Alchemist Creates Reality and Duality of Time or Space

The Trickster Weaves the Patterns of Reality

Archetypal Criticism - Archetypes in Literature Archetypal Patterns Archetypes prefigure literary characters and elements of the plot in literary worksIndividuation - coming to selfhood or self-realization.psychotherapy is primarily an individuation processto make conscious that which is unconsciousaspects of the conscious and the unconscious results in the development of the egoLiterature: QUEST ARCHETYPE

QUEST ARCHETYPE The Adventure of the HeroSeparation or departure: (1) "The Call to Adventure," or the signs of the vocation of the hero; (2) "Refusal of the Call," or the folly of the flight from the god; (3) "Supernatural Aid," the unsuspected assistance that comes to one who has undertaken his proper adventure; (4) "The Crossing of the first Threshold"; and (5) "The Belly of the Whale," or the passage into the realm of night.

The Frog KingForestSpring Frog Herald"the awakening of the self.Typical environment: the dark forest, the great tree, the babbling spring, and the loathly, underestimated appearance of the carrier of the power of destiny.The FrogThe disgusting and rejected frog or dragon of the fairy tale brings up the sun ball in its mouth; for the frog, the serpent, the rejected one, is the representative of that unconscious deep ("so deep that the bottom cannot be seen") wherein are hoarded all of the rejected, unadmitted, unrecognized, unknown, or undeveloped factors, laws, and elements of existence.Call to adventureDisorientation - zone unknown. A distant land, a forest, a kingdom underground, a secret island, lofty mountaintop, Profound dream state Always a strange place Decision or Demand (Theseus, Odysseus) Begins as a Blunder - the princess of the fairy taleExamples, numerousSir Gawain and the Green KnightGreat ExpectationsLord of the FliesThe French Lieutenants Woman

QUEST ARCHETYPE The Adventure of the HeroThe trials and victories of initiation: (1) "The Road of Trials," or the dangerous aspect of the gods; (2) "The Meeting with the Goddess (Magna Mater), or the bliss of infancy regained; (3) "Woman as the Temptress," the realization and agony of Oedipus; (4) "Atonement with the Father"; (5) "Apotheosis"; and (6) "The Ultimate Boon."Psyche & CupidJealous mother Venus trials (wheat, golden wool, freezing spring, Underworld, etc.)The role of a super(natural) aid

In literatureSir Gawain and the Green Knight (trials & aid)Great Expectations (trials & aid)Lord of the Flies (trials & aid)The French Lieutenants Woman (trials & aid)

Jessie Weston From Ritual to RomanceNature of RomanceParallels between each and every feature of the Grail story and the recorded symbolism of the Mystery cults.Main features of the Grail story--the Waste Land, the Fisher King, the Hidden Castle with its solemn Feast, and mysterious Feeding Vessel, the Bleeding Lance and Cup Sir J. G. Frazer, The Golden Bough: the resemblance between certain features of the Grail story, and characteristic details of the Nature Cults Ulysses and the Sirens

QUEST ARCHETYPE The Adventure of the HeroThe return and reintegration with society: (1) "Refusal of the Return," or the world denied; (2) "The Magic Flight," or the escape of Prometheus; (3) "Rescue from Without"; (4) "The Crossing of the Return Threshold," or the return to the world of common day; (5) "Master of the Two Worlds"; and (6) "Freedom to Live,

The Reward of the HeroSelfhoodVarious endings (Gawain, FLW, Expectations)The Return (Ancient Rome)

The Hero Quest The Quest Archetypeliterary re-figurations Odysseus the path of the heroNumerous: folklore; fairy tales, world literature & art

XX Art Blending; Hard-boiled hero

The Hero

The Heroine Femme Fatale

Dark Passage, 1947

Jacques LacanThe unconscious is structured like a languageFreud & SaussureFerdinand de Saussure : signifier signified arbitrary link True sense in the unconscious Jacque LacanThree stages of the SelfThe imaginarySymbolicRelist

The Mirror Stage

The mirror stage:Self becomes dominated by language and social constraintsAlienated, disrupted Self