4 Overview Of The Oil And Gas Basins Of Colombia

1

Contents

1. Colombia

2. Industry background

3. Open Round Colombia 2010

4. Legal aspects and Contracts

5. Communities and environmental priorities

6. Technical aspects

• Introduction• General vision of the hydrocarbons potential in

Colombia• Technical aspects of the areas on offer

2

Overview of the Oil and Gas Basins of Colombia

Presented by:

Jairo MojicaGeologist, PhD.

Advisor – Technical BranchNational Hydrocarbons Agency (ANH)

3

Colombia

BASINS OF

COLOMBIA

1. Pericratonic2. Intermountain3. Coastal4. Offshore

4

BASINS OF

COLOMBIA


Colombia

5

BASINS OF

COLOMBIA


Colombia

6

BASINS OF

COLOMBIA


Colombia

7

BASINS OF

COLOMBIA


Colombia

8

First PartMature Basins

9

ColombiaM A T U R E B A S I N S

Area of Mature Basins

BASIN AREA (Km2)

EASTERN LLANOS (LLA)

225,603

PUTUMAYO-CAGUÁN(PUT - CAG)

110,304

MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY (VMM)

32,949

UPPER MAGDALENA VALLEY (VSM)

21,513

CATATUMBO (CAT) 7,715

EASTERN CORDILLERA (COR)

71,766

Colombian Mature Basins

10

ColombiaMature basins production

Oil production from Mature Basins

BasinCurrent

Production (BOPD)

Percent National

Production

N.Fields

LightOil

MediumOil

Heavy Oil

Eastern Llanos 425,231 66.45% 118 50 33 35

Middle Magdalena Valley 98,687 15.42% 61 10 17 34

Upper Magdalena Valley 88,149 13.78% 44 11 16 17

Putumayo-Caguán 24,000 3.75% 26 8 17 1

Catatumbo 3,283 5.10% 6 5 1 0

Eastern Cordillera 79 1.00% 1 0 0 1

Total 639,429 100% 256 84 84 88

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API gravity by basin

API Gravity

Perc

ent

60504030201510

99.9

99

95

90

807060504030

20

10

5

1

0.1

Variable

Catatumbo

LlanosPutumayoMiddle MagdalenaUpper Magdalena

Probability Plot of API Gravity

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BasinsEastern Llanos

Putumayo - Caguán

Pericratonic basins

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Eastern llanos

Location map

OPEN ROUND 2010 BLOCKS

Type 1: 52 Blocks17,183 Km2


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Eastern LlanosOil & gas fields

Oil Fields Size Distribution

< 0,1 0,1 - 1 1 - 10 10 - 100 100 - 1000 > 10000

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

3

20

47

28

6

1

Millions of Oil Barrels

Oil

Fie

lds

Statistics for 105 Oil Fields

Caño-Limón

Rubiales

Cupiagua andCusiana

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Eastern LlanosInfrastructure

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Eastern LlanosPetroleum geology

PETROLEUM SYSTEM ELEMENT

LITHOLOGIC UNIT REMARKS

Source Gachetá Fm TOC: 1.0 – 3.0%

Reservoir

Carbonera FmMirador Fm

Guadalupe FmUne Fm

SandstonesPorosity:10 – 30%

Seal

León Fm*Carbonera Fm

(C2, C4, C6 & C8 Zones)

Interbedded shales in Guadalupe Fm &

Gachetá Fm

*Regional Seal

Local and intraformational

shales

Source rock, reservoirs and seals

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Trap styles within Llanos Basin

Antithetic normal faultsInversion structuresAnticlines over inversion faultsStratigraphic trapsFault-propagation foldsPotential Paleozoic structures

Eastern LlanosRegional structural style

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Eastern LlanosExamples of play types

B) Anticline related to a contractional fault.Carbonera Fm. over a basement high

C) Stratigraphic Trap – Incised valley andlateral pinching out

A) Roll-over anticline related to the mild inversion of a normal fault

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Putumayo - Caguán

Location map



Type 3: 1 Block3,720 Km2

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Putumayo - CaguánOil & gas fields

<0,1 0,1 - 1 1 - 10 10 - 100 > 1000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1

7

17

5

1


Oil

Fie

lds



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Putumayo - CaguánInfrastructure

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South Area Putumayo North Area Caguán

Putumayo - CaguánPetroleum geology (I)

Stratigraphic chart showing source rocks, reservoirs and

seals

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Source rocks, reservoirs and seals

Putumayo - CaguánPetroleum geology (II)


LITHOLOGIC UNIT

REMARKS

Source

Villeta FmCaballos Fm

(Middle interval)

Kerogen: Type II - IIIHI 100 – 500 mg HC/ g

TOC

Macarena Gp(Upper & middle

intervals)

TOC: > 7.3%Kerogen: Type II

Reservoir

Caballos FmVilleta Fm (Limestones)

Pepino Fm

Caballos Fm. Porosity: 10 – 16%

Permeability:around 50 mD

Caballos FmMacarena Gp

Cenozoic units

Transitional to fluvial sandstones

SealVilleta Fm

Cenozoic shales

In the foothills thrust faults may act as

effective seals

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Trap styles within the Putumayo-Caguán Basin

Antithetic normal faultsInversion structuresAnticlines over inversion faultsStratigraphic trapsFault-propagation foldsPotential Paleozoic structures

Putumayo - CaguánRegional structural style

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Putumayo - CaguánExamples of play types

B) Anticline related to a branching reverse faultPutumayo Basin

C) Drag folds in the limbs of an inverted faultPutumayo Basin

A) Wide anticline related to a reverse faultCaguán Basin

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BasinsMiddle Magdalena ValleyUpper Magdalena Valley

Catatumbo Cordillera Oriental

Cordillera and intermountain basins22

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Middle Magdalena Valley

Location Map




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Middle Magdalena ValleyOil & gas fields

<0,1 0,1 - 1 1 - 10 10 - 100 > 1000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

4

16 16

17

6


Oil

Fie

lds



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Middle Magdalena ValleyInfrastructure

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PETROLEUM SYSTEM

ELEMENT

LITHOLOGIC UNIT

REMARKS

SourceLa Luna Fm

Simití FmTablazo Fm

TOC: 1.0 – 6.0%Kerogen: Type II%Ro: 1.1 – 1.2

Reservoir

Colorado FmMugrosa Fm

Esmeralda FmLa Paz Fm

SandstonesPorosity: 15 – 20%

Permeability:20 – 600 mD

La Luna FmTablazo Fm

Rosablanca FmFractured limestones

Seal

Colorado Fm(1)

Esmeralda Fm(1)

Umir Fm(2)

Simití Fm(2)

(1) Cenozoic seals (2) Cretacous seals


Middle Magdalena ValleyPetroleum geology

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Trap styles within the Middle Magdalena Basin

Inversion structures Subthrust folds Duplex structures Fault seal traps Stratigraphic traps

Middle Magdalena ValleyRegional structural style

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B) Cenozoic reservoirs – Anticlines relatedto wrench faults – Casabe area

C) Stratigraphic trap – Onlap of Miocene reservoirs

over the basement – Central area

Middle Magdalena ValleyExamples of play types

A) Cretaceous reservoirs – Anticlines related toreverse faults – Puntapiedra area

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Upper Magdalena Valley

Location Map



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Upper Magdalena ValleyOil & gas fields

0,1 - 1 1 - 10 10 - 100 > 1000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

11

15

14

2


Oil

Fie

lds



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Upper Magdalena ValleyInfrastructure

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PETROLEUM SYSTEM

ELEMENT

LITHOLOGIC UNIT

REMARKS

SourceLa Luna Fm

Bambucá FmTetuán Fm

TOC: >5.0%Kerogen: Type II%Ro: 0.5 – 1.3

Tmax: 450°

ReservoirHonda Gp

Monserrate FmCaballos Fm

SandstonesOccasional

limestone units

SealHonda Gp

Guaduala FmBambucá Fm

Regional Seals


Upper Magdalena ValleyPetroleum geology

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Upper Magdalena ValleyRegional structural style

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Thrust and subthrust anticlinal trapsrelated to west-verging fault systems

Upper Magdalena ValleyExamples of play types

A) Girardot sub-basin

B) Neiva sub-basin

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Catatumbo

Location Map


Type 1: 1 Block315 Km2


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Catatumbo BasinSouthern extreme of

Maracaibo Basin (Venezuela)

CatatumboRegional situation

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CatatumboOil & gas fields

OIL FIELDS SIZE:

>100 MMBO: 2

10 – 100 MMBO: 2

<1 MMBO: 2

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CatatumboInfrastructure

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LITHOLOGIC UNIT

REMARKS

Source

La Luna FmCapacho Fm

Tibú FmMercedes Fm

La Luna Fm (principal source

rock)TOC: 3.8%%

Reservoir

Barco FmMirador Fm

Carbonera Fm

Cenozoic sandstones

Uribante GpCapacho Fm

Fractured limestones

SealCenozoic and Cretaceous

shales

León Fm (regional seal)


CatatumboPetroleum geology

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Trap styles within the Catatumbo Basin

Inversion structures Strike-slip faults (east)

CatatumboRegional structural style

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CatatumboExamples of play types

B) Subthrust trap in the western margin of the basin.High side closure in central part of the profile

A) Anticline related to a wrench fault

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Eastern Cordillera

Location Map




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Eastern CordilleraOil & gas fields

OIL FIELDS SIZE:

>100 MMBO: 1

10 – 100 MMBO: 2

1 – 10 MMBO: 1

<1 MMBO: 1

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Eastern CordilleraInfrastructure

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Stratigraphic chart showing source rocks,

reservoirs, seals, and tectonic

events

Eastern CordilleraPetroleum geology (I)

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LITHOLOGIC UNIT OBSERVATIONS

Source

La Luna Fm (N)Simití Fm (N)

Chipaque Fm (E)Fómeque Fm (E)

Other Cretaceous shaly intervals

TOC: 1.0 – 3.0%Kerogen: Type I and II

Reservoir

Une FmGuadalupe Fm

Picacho FmMirador Fm

Lower Socha Fm

SandstonesPorosity: 5 – 10%

Permeability: 4 - 100 mD

Seal

Chipaque FmUpper Socha Fm

Other Cretaceous and Cenozoic shaly intervals

Chipaque Fm andUpper Socha Fm

are regional seals


Eastern CordilleraPetroleum geology (II)

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Trap styles within the Cordillera Oriental

Thrusts and Folds Imbricate Thrusts Duplex structures Subthrust structures Triangle zones Salt domes

Eastern CordilleraRegional structure

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Eastern CordilleraExamples of play types

B) Duplex structure – Floreña AreaEastern foothills

C) Thrust anticline over detachement surfaceWestern foothills

A) Wide anticline over detachement faultEastern foothills

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Second PartEmerging and Frontier Basins

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ColombiaEmerging and frontier basins

Area of Emerging andFrontier Basins

BASIN AREA (Km2)

GUAJIRA (GUA) &GUAJIRA OFFSHORE (GUA OFF)

13,77852,860

CESAR – RANCHERÍA (CR) 11,668

SINÚ – SAN JACINTO (SSJS) & SINÚ OFFSHORE (SIN OFF)

39,64529,576

LOWER MAGDALENA VALLEY (VMM)

38,017

LOS CAYOS (CAY) 144,755

URABÁ (URA) 9,449

CHOCÓ (CHO) &CHOCÓ OFFSHORE (CHO OFF)

38,58237,773

TUMACO (TUM) &TUMACO OFFSHORE (TUM OFF)

23,73234,553

CAUCA – PATÍA (CAU) 12,823

Colombian Emerging and Frontier Basins

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Frontier Basins

Basin Basin Area(Km2) Production

Oil & Gas

Seeps

Wells with Shows

Number of wells

2D seismic(km)

Los Cayos 144,755 - 2 oil & gas 2 4,739

Urabá 9,449 - 2 gas 5 4,665

Chocó and Chocó offshore 73,675 - 1 oil & gas 5 (Atrato) 6,599

Tumaco and Tumaco offshore 58,285 - 1 oil & 2 gas 5 9,452

Cauca-Patía 12,823 - 1 gas 5 968

BasinBasin Area

(Km2)Production Discoveries Number

of wells

2D seismic

(Km)

Guajira and Guajira offshore 66,639 3.72 TCFG 5 gas 78 24,074

Cesar-Ranchería 11,668 ND 2 oil + 3 gas (NCP) 67 3,458

Sinú-San Jacinto 69,221 ND 3 gas 205 26,343

Lower Magdalena Valley 38,017 0.35 TCFG + 64.2

MBO 4 oil + 8 gas 273 16,704

Emerging Basins

Emerging and frontier basinsStatistics

Basin Statistics as of July 2009

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Guajira


Onshore



Offshore


Location Map

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GuajiraGas fields

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GuajiraInfrastructure

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GuajiraPetroleum geology

Stratigraphic colums of the

Upper and Lower Guajira showing

source rocks, reservoirs and

seals

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Trap types within Guajira basin:

Reverse and normal fault trapsFlower structuresTectonic wedges

GuajiraRegional structural style

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GuajiraExamples of play types

Positive structures related toplanar normal faults

Combined structural - stratigraphic trap

Onlapping over basement

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Cesar - Ranchería


Type 1: 1 Block135 Km2


Location Map

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Cesar - RancheríaGas field

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Cesar - RancheríaInfrastructure

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Cesar - RancheríaPetroleum geology

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Traps within Cesar – Ranchería basin:

Thrust faultsRegional unconformities at the base of the Cretaceous and the Cenozoic

Cesar - RancheríaRegional structural style

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Sinú – San Jacinto – Lower Magdalena Valley (LMV)

Location Map


Onshore

Type 1: 2 Blocks293 Km2



Offshore

Type 2: 2 Blocks

1,452 Km2

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Sinú – San Jacinto – LMVOil & gas fields

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Sinú – San Jacinto – LMVInfrastructure

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Sinú – San Jacinto – LMVPetroleum geology

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SinúStructural style and play types

A) Traps flanking mud diapirs

B) Traps related to reverse faults (NW) and mud diapirs (SE)

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San JacintoStructural style and play types

A) Folds related to west-verging reverse faults

B) Stratigraphic traps associated to regional unconformities

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Lower Magdalena ValleyStructural style and play types

Trap Types within Lower Magdalena Valley:

1. Anticlines related to reverse faults. 2. Extensional and compressive fault traps.3. Onlapping over basement. 4. Basement highs.

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Los Cayos




Location Map

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Los CayosRegional tectonic setting

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Los CayosPetroleum geology

Reservoir Rock Source Rock

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Los CayosPlay types

Stratigraphic trapsPrograding sequences

Structural trapsGentle anticlines related to transpressive faults

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Urabá

Location Map




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Pozo Apartado-1Pozo Chigorodo-1

Exploration wells penetrate numerous potential sandstone reservoirs throughout the thick upper Miocene-Pliocene basin fill. Intercalated shales may be effective intraformational seals.

Trap styles include: structural-stratigraphic traps tied to known normal and reverse faults cutting the basin, and to stratigraphic pinchouts on basement in the southeast part of the basin.

Biogenic gas is a strong possibility in this thick deltaic sedimentary section.

UrabáPetroleum geology

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UrabáStructural style & play types

A) Pinch-outs and possible coral reefs against basement highs.

B) Syndepositional growth folds related to reverse faults.

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Chocó

Location Map


Onshore



Offshore


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ChocóOil seeps & wells

Location of Oil seeps and drilled wells along the

Chocó basin

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ChocóStructural provinces

Basement depth contour map with

the location of Atrato and San Juan

sub-basins and Istmina Arch.

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ChocóPetroleum geology

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ChocóRegional structural style

Transversal section of the Atrato sub-basin (6° N)

Longitudinal section of the San Juan Delta

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ChocóExamples of play types

A) Positive structures related to inversion tectonics (Nóvita graben)

B) Roll-over anticline C) Stratigraphic traps – pinch-out and onlap over the basement

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Tumaco

Location Map


Onshore


Offshore



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TumacoRegional structural style

Traps within Tumaco basin:

Anticlines associated to mud diapirsRoll-over folds related to normal faults.Fault-propagation foldsThrust related anticlinesStratigraphic traps

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TumacoExamples of play types

B) Fault-propagation folds related to high angle reverse faults

A) Onlapping over the basement and roll-over folds associated to normal faults

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Cauca - Patía

Location Map



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Cauca - PatíaPetroleum geology

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Cauca - PatíaRegional structural style

Trap styles within Cauca – Patía Basin

Fault-propagation foldsInversion structuresBasement highs

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Cauca - PatíaExamples of play types

B) Anticlines related to reverse faults and associated back-thrusts

A) Wide anticlines related to west-verging reverse faults

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4 Overview Of The Oil And Gas Basins Of Colombia

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