4- Ethernet Service

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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ethernet PrincipleService configurationQOSE-OAM

Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2

Contents1. Ethernet Concept

2. Ethernet Port Technology3. VLAN Basis


Do you know why IP address is not fixed as

MAC?

00000001

10111011

00111010

10111010

10111110

10101000

It means this is a multicast address.

Ethernet MAC Address 00.e0.fc.39.80.34

MAC address includes 48 bits and it is shown as 12 dotted hexadecimal notations

MAC address is exclusive globally which is allotted and managed by IEEE. Every MAC address is composed of two parts. The first 24 bits part is the vendor code and the other 24 bits part is serial number

If 48 bits are all “1”, it means the address is used for broadcast

If the 8th bit is “1”, it means the address is used for multicast


Ethernet_II

DMAC SMAC Length/T DATA/PAD FCS

Length/Type Mean

Length/T > 1500Length/T <= 1500

Type of the frameLength of the frame802.3

46---1500 bytes

64---1518 bytes

Ethernet Frame Structure

Dest MAC Src MAC 8100 CXXX

C XXXPPP m ID

0800 45 D S C P

TLen F_ID Fr FO

TTL Pr HCKS Dest IP Src IP MTU CRC

PPP – VLAN priority, m = CFI “not used”, 45 = IPV4, 5byte frame length , TLen = total frame length , F_ID = Frame ID , Fr = fragment number , FO = Fragment offset , Pr = protocol , HCKS = header check sum.


Precedance TOS000 --- Routine 1000 ---- Minimize Delay001 --- Priority 0100 ---- Maximize througput 010 --- Immediate 0010 ---- Maximize Reliability011 --- Flash 0001 ---- Minimize Monetary Cost100 --- Flash Override 101 --- CRITIC/ECP110 --- Internetwork Contrl111 --- Network Control


Ethernet Principle---CSMA/CD CS: carrier sense

Sense before sending data to ensure the cable is idle and reduce collision.

MA: multiple access The data from every station can be received by other multiple

stations.

CD: collision detection Detect collision while sending data and stop it when the station

find collision then continue to send after waiting for a random time.


Physical layer

Data link layer

(BRIDGE/Ethernet switch/L2) equipment (BRIDGE/Ethernet switch/L2) equipment work modework mode

L2 Work Mode

Application layer

Presentation layer

Conversation layer

Transport layer

Network layer

Data link layer

Physical layer Physical layer

L2 switch

Data link layer

Application layer

Presentation layer

Conversation layer

Transport layer

Network layer

Data link layer

Physical layer


L2 Work Principle

Learning based on source

Segment 1

Segment 2A

B

C

PORT1

PORT2

D

typical use of the switch

switch

MAC ADD. portMAC A 1MAC B 1MAC C 2MAC D 2


L2 Work Principle (Cont.) Forwarding based on destination address

Port 1

Port 2

L2 Switch

MACD MACA ………

MACA MACD ………

MAC ADD. portMAC A 1MAC B 1MAC C 2MAC D 2


L2 Switch Principle Receive all the data frames from the network segment Save the source MAC addresses of the received frames to

establish MAC address table( self-learning based on source address) and maintain the address table by aging mechanism

Check the MAC address table to find out the port corresponding to the destination address. If it is the receiving port, it will take the frame; if it is not the receiving port, the data will be broadcasted to all the other ports (except the source port)

Forward broadcast and multicast frames to all other ports (except the source port)


Three Switch Modes Cut-Through ：

Switch forward the frame immediately after it receive destination address Short time delay Switch don’t check the error

Store-and-Forward ： Switch forward the frame after it receive the whole frame Long time delay Switch check the error so no error frame will be forwarded

Fragment-free ： Switch forward the frame after it receive 64 bytes( the shortest frame

length) Integrate the advantage of the cut-through and store-and-forward mode


L2 will forward the received frames according to the MAC address so collision domain is limited to one port. But it can not limit the broadcast domain.

Broadcast Domain

SWITCHLAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

Broadcast domain

collision domain

collision domain collision domain

collision domain collision domain


Contents1. Ethernet Concept2. Ethernet Port Technology

3. VLAN Basis


Ethernet Connection Requirements Ethernet connection must ensure the performance of

the network Bandwidth Delay

Two methods to increase bandwidth for users: Increase the overall network bandwidth

Build switching Ethernet, and use bandwidth exclusively. Increase link rate: 10M--100M--1000M

Decrease the number of equipment attached to the same shared medium


Technical Standard

Types of CableTransmission Distance

100BaseTX 2 pairs EIA/TIA Type 5 (UTP) Unshielded Twisted Pair 100m

100BaseT4 4 pairs EIA/TIA Type 3, 4 and 5 (UTP) Unshielded Twisted Pair 100m

100BaseFX Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) cable 550m-2km

1000BaseCX Copper shielded twisted-pair 25m

1000BaseT Copper EIA/TIA Category 5 (UTP) Unshielded twisted-pair, 4 pair 100m

1000BaseSX Multi-mode fiber, 50/62.5um fiber, use 850nm laser 550m/275m

EIA: Electronics Industries AssociationTIA: Telecommunications Industries Association

Transmission Distance of Fast Ethernet


Contents1. Ethernet Concept2. Ethernet Port Technology3. VLAN Basis


Broadcast flooding is the main disadvantage of L2 switch

Disadvantage of Full Duplex and L2 Switch Full duplex and L2 make Ethernet progress, resolve

the conflict problem and improve the Ethernet performance. Furthermore the security is enhanced to some extent. But the following disadvantages are still in the Ethernet:

Broadcast flooding Security can’t be guaranteed completely


…………

Cause of VLAN Generation---Broadcast Storm

broadcast


Broadcast domain1VLAN 10Broadcast domain2

VLAN 20

Broadcast domain3VLAN 30

Engineering Department

Financial DepartmentMarketing Department

Prevent Broadcast Storm via VLAN

Prevent Broadcast Storm


MAC VLANMAC A 5MAC B 10MAC C 5MAC D 10

MAC A MAC B MAC C MAC D

Switch

Port VLANPort 1 5Port 3 10Port 7 5

Port 10 10

PC A PC B PC C PC D

SwitchPort 1

Port 3Port 7

Port 10

VLAN Based on MAC or Port


Protocol VLANIPX 5UDP 10IP 2

………. 11

IPX IP UDP IP

Switch

IP VLAN1.1.1.1/24 51.1.2.1/24 101.1.3.1/24 2

………. 11

1.1.1.1/24 1.1.2.1/241.1.3.1/242.1.1.1/24

Switch

VLAN Based on Protocol or Subnet


Frame Format of VLAN DA SA Type Data CRC

Standard Ethernet Frame

DA SA Type Data CRCtag

TPID Priority CFI VLAN ID

TCI

Ethernet Frame with IEEE802.IQ FlagTPIDThe TPID is a 2-byte field, and it identifies an Ethernet frame as a tagged frame. The value is always 0x8100. When the network equipment that cannot identify the tagged frame receives the tagged frame, the equipment discards this frame.> PCPThe priority code point (PCP). This field can be used to provide the requirement for the service quality.> CFIit is a 1-bit filed, and it is used in certain physical networks that adopt the ring topology. This field is not processed in the Ethernet.l VIDThe VLAN ID is a 12-bit field


VLAN 2 VLAN 1

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

Ethernet frame with VLAN tag 1

Ethernet frame with VLAN tag 2

Ethernet frame without VLAN

flag

Frame Changes in Network Communication


Ethernet Card Port Tag Mode Packets

PortTag flag Untag flag

Tag aware (In) Transmit transparently Drop

Tag aware (Out) Transmit transparently －

Access (In) Drop Attach a Tag flag (default VLAN ID)

Access (Out) Remove the Tag flag (default VLAN ID) －

Hybrid (In) Transmit transparently Attach a Tag flag (default VLAN ID)

Hybrid (Out)

If VLAN ID is the same, remove the Tag flag, otherwise transmit

transparently

－


IF_ETH Port

Tag Attributes

The IF_ETH port is an internal Ethernet port on the Hybrid IF board. In the transmit direction of Hybrid microwave, the Ethernet services transmitted to the MUX/DEMUX unit of the Hybrid IF board through the IF_ETH port and are then mapped into the Hybrid microwave frames. In the receive direction of Hybrid microwave, the Ethernet services are demapped from the Hybrid microwave frames and then transmitted to the packet switching unit through the IF_ETH port.The main differences between the IF_ETH port and the GE/FE port are as follows:>> The IF_ETH port is an internal Ethernet port. It transmits and receives MAC frames and does not have PHY-layer functions.>> The bandwidth over the IF_ETH port is equal to the Ethernet service bandwidth that the Hybrid microwave supports. Hence, when the AM function is enabled in the case of Hybrid microwave, the bandwidth over the IF_ETH port changes according to the modulation mode.

In the case of OptiX RTN 950, the VLAN tag is closely related to Encapsulation Type.>> When Encapsulation Type is set to Null or QinQ, the VLAN tag is invalid.>> When Encapsulation Type is set to 802.1Q, the VLAN tag can be set to Tag Aware, Access, or Hybrid.


QinQ

> Ethernet frame with only a C-TAG the tagged frame defined in IEEE 802.1Q.> Format of the Ethernet frame with a C-TAG and an S-TAG the value of the TPID in the S-TAG is

0x88a8, whereasthe value of the TPID in the C-TAG is 0x8100.

> Format of the Ethernet frame with only an S-TAG

Network Attributes

The network attribute of each port can be set to UNI and NNI depending on how the port processes the C-TAG and S-TAG.)) UNI

By default, the UNI considers that the received frames do not carry any S-TAG. According to Encapsulation Type of Ethernet ports, the UNI is classified into two types:– Ports whose Encapsulation Type is NullThis port does not check the VLAN tags. Hence, all types of Ethernet frames can enter this port. This port supports the creation of PORT-based QinQ services and does not support the creation of PORT+CVLAN-based QinQ services.– Ports whose Encapsulation Type is 802.1QIn the case of QinQ services, when Encapsulation Type is 802.1Q, Tag must be set to Tag Aware. In this case, the port checks the outer VLAN tag that the Ethernet frames carry, and processes the outer VLAN tag as the C-VLAN tag. Hence, untagged frames cannot enter this port. This port supports the creation of both PORT-based QinQ services and PORT+CVLAN-based QinQ services.)) NNI By default, the NNI considers that the received frames carry the S-TAG. When Encapsulation Type is QinQ, the Ethernet port is an NNI. Only the NNI can be used to configure the QinQ link.


E-Line Services QinQ-based E-Line service

UNI-UNI

Null (source)Null (sink)

802.1Q (source)

802.1Q (sink)

Point-to-point transparently

transmitted E-Line service

VLAN-based E-Line service

UNI-NNI

NNI-NNI

Null (source)QinQ (sink) 802.1Q (source)

QinQ (sink)

QinQ (source)QinQ (sink)

Traffi

c Fl

ow

PORT (source)PORT (sink)

[ source port transparently

transmits all the received

Ethernet frames to the sink port.]

Enca

psul

ati

on

[ source and Sink ports processes the received

Ethernet frames according to the tag attributes ofthe Ethernet frames ]

PORT (source)PORT (sink)

PORT+VLAN (source)

PORT+VLAN (sink)[ source and Sink ports processes the received

Ethernet frames according to the

[ tag attributes + comparison of Filtering table with traffic C-

VLAN ]

PORT (source)QinQ link (sink)[ source port addsthe SVLAN tag thatcorresponds to the

QinQ link into all theEthernet frames ]

PORT (source)QinQ link (sink)

[ source port accesses only the Ethernet frames that carry VLAN tags. It adds the SVLAN tag that corresponds to the QinQ link into all the Ethernet

frames ]PORT+CVLAN (source)

QinQ link (sink)[ The source port adds

the SVLAN tag that corresponds to the QinQ

link into all theEthernet frames that

carry the specific CVLAN tag


A.Ethernet Private Line, B- Ethernet Private LAN.A-EPL “Ethernet Private Line “– Point to Point Communication.

Three major Mechanisms:-A.1-EPL – Transparent,

DirectionEncapsulation Flow

UNI - UNI NULL - NULL Port [ Source] – Port [ Sink ]

MAC1

MAC2

MAC2

MAC3

MAC3

A.2-EPL – 802.1Q,

NODirection Encapsulation Flow

1- UNI - UNI 802.1Q - 802.1Q Port [Source] – Port [Sink]

2- UNI - UNI 802.1Q - 802.1Q Port+CVLAN [Source] – Port+ CVLAN [Sink]

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

MAC1

MAC1

MAC2

MAC2

MAC3

MAC3MAC1


A.3-EPL –QinQ, Direction Encapsulation Flow

1- UNI - NNI NULL - QinQ Port [Source] – QinQ [Sink]

2- UNI - NNI 802.1Q - QinQ Port [Source] – QinQ [Sink]

3- UNI - NNI 802.1Q - QinQ Port+CVLAN [Source] – QinQ [Sink]

4- NNI - NNI QinQ- QinQ Port+SVLAN [Source] – Port+ SVLAN [Sink]

MAC1

MAC1

MAC2

MAC2

MAC3MAC3

S-VLAN1

S-VLAN2

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

802.1Q

S-VLAN1

S-VLAN2

S-VLAN1

S-VLAN2

MAC1

MAC5

MAC3

MAC1

MAC2

MAC3

MAC4

MAC5

MAC4

MAC2


QinQ link (source)QinQ link (sink)

The source port transmits the Ethernet frames that carry the SVLAN tags that correspond to the source QinQ link to the sink port where the sink QinQ link is configured. If the source and sink QinQ links correspond to different SVLAN tags, the SVLAN tags carried in the Ethernet frames are exchanged.

In the case of VLAN-based E-Line service models, the same VLAN tag generally needs to be configured for the source and sink. That is, the VLAN tag carried in the frames transmitted from the source should be the same as the VLAN tag carried in the frames received at the sink. If the frames need to carry different VLAN tags at the source and sink, you need to configure the VLAN forwarding table except in the case of an E-Line service wherein different VLAN tags are configured for the service source and sink. After the VLAN forwarding table is configured, the VLAN tags of the service source and sink are switched.

VLAN Forwarding Table

E-LAN ServicesBridge > Shared VLAN learning (SVL)it creates an entry according to the source MAC address and the source port of a packet. This entry is valid to all VLAN tags.> Independent VLAN learning (IVL)

The entry is according to the source MAC address, VLAN ID, and source port of a packet. This entry is valid to only this VLAN tag. bridge is available in three types, [ 802.1d, 802.1q, and 802.1ad ].

The switching domain of the bridge can be divided into several independent sub switching domains in different domain switching modes using the concept of Logical Port.

The logical port may be based on PORT, PORT+VLAN, PORT +CVLAN, or PORT+SVLAN. That is, a physical port can be mapped into several logical ports, which can be in the same sub switching domain or in different sub switching domains.


Bridge Type802.1d Bridge

IVL

PORT

802.1q Bridge 802.1ad Bridge

SVLBr

oadc

ast

dom

ain

Type

of l

ogic

al

port

PORT+VLANPORT or PORT+CVLAN (UNI)PORT+SVLAN (UNI,NNI)

Entire bridgeAll the logical ports whose VLAN tag is the same as the VLAN tag carried in the Ethernet frame

All the logical ports whose SVLAN tag is the same as the SVLAN tag carried in the Ethernet frame

IEEE 802.1dBridge-Based ELAN Service

IEEE 802.1qBridge-Based ELAN Service

Enca

psul

atio

n ty

peTa

g ty

pe

Tag-Transparent

Null

C-Awared S-Awared

Null or 802.1Q Null or 802.1Q”(UNI)”Tage Aware

QinQ (NNI)

IEEE 802.1ad Bridge-Based ELAN

Service


Configuration Example (Point-to-Point Transparently Transmitted E-Line Services)

Configuration Example (VLAN-Based E-Line Service)


NE1 NE2

NE3 NE4

NE1

NE2

NE1


Configuration Example (QinQ-Based E-Line Service) The VLANs used by the services on a BTS is allocated by the BTS. Hence, the VLANs of services on different BTSs may be the

same. To solve this problem, the BSC allocates an S-VLAN for each BTS, and the

S-VLANs on the entire network are planned in a unified manner,

NOTEIn this example, the BSC needs to be capable of processing the S-VLAN tag.

NE2

In this example, the SVLAN T-PID that the BSC can identify is 0x8100. Hence, you need to set QinQ Type Domain to 0x8100 for the two GE ports connecting to the BSC. The other NNI ports connect to internal equipment. Hence, you need to set QinQ Type Domain to 0x88a8 for the other NNI ports.

NE1

If the Ethernet services on each BTS do not contain any untagged frames, you can set Encapsulation Type to 802.1Q and set Tag to Tag Aware for the FE port that accesses the Ethernet services on each BTS.The IF_ETH ports connect to internal equipment. Hence, you need to set QinQ Type Domain to 0x88a8 for the IF_ETH ports.


NE1

NE2

NE1


Configurations of Various ServicesP2P/VLAN E-

LineQinQ-Based E-

LineIEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN IEEE 802.1q bridge-based E-LAN IEEE 802.1ad bridge-based E-LAN

1 Setting the parameters of Ethernet ports

Setting the parameters of Ethernet ports




2 Setting the parameters of the IF_ETH ports

Setting the parameters of the IF_ETH ports




3 Configuring the LAG

① Configuring the LAG



① Configuring the LAG ①

4 Configuring the E-Line

Configuring the QinQ Link

Configuring the ERPS

① Configuring the ERPS

① Configuring the ERPS ①

5 Configuring the QoS

① Configuring the E-Line

Configuring the E-LAN



6 Verifying Ethernet service configurations

Configuring the QoS

① Configuring the QoS

① Configuring the QoS

① Configuring the QoS ①

7 Verifying Ethernet service configurations

Verifying Ethernet service configurations

Verifying Ethernet service configurations

Verifying Ethernet service configurationsNote:

① indicates that the configuration item is optional. Configure the services according to the service requirements.


The source port processes the incoming Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then sends the processed Ethernet frames to the sink port. The sink port processes the Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then exports the processed Ethernet frames.The source port processes the incoming Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then sends the Ethernet frames with a specific VLAN ID to the sink port. The sink portprocesses the Ethernet frames based on its TAG attribute, and then exports the processed Ethernet frames.


Configurations of Ethernet Services

Setting the Parameters of Ethernet Ports Setting the Parameters of IF_ETH Ports Configuring the LAG Configuring the QinQ Link Configuring the E-Line Service Configuring the ERPS Configuring the E-LAN Service Configuring the QoS Verifying Ethernet Service Configurations


Setting the Parameters of Ethernet Ports

Configuring the traffic control

Setting the advanced attributes

Setting general

attributes

P2P E-Line services:

VLAN-based E-Line services: QinQ-based E-Line services:

Setting the layer 2

attributesConfiguring the traffic control


Setting general

attributes



Setting general

attributes

IEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN services:

IEEE 802.1q bridge-based E-LAN services: IEEE 802.1ad bridge-based E-LAN services:

Setting the layer 2

attributesConfiguring the traffic control


Setting general

attributes


Setting the layer 2 attributes



Setting general attributesSetting the Parameters of Ethernet

Ports①

②

③④

⑤

Ports on an Ethernet board

IF_ETH ports





Setting general attributes

Setting the Parameters of Ethernet Ports The general attributes of an Ethernet port define the physical-layer information, such as the port mode, encapsulation type, and maximum frame length.

In the case of used ports, set Enable Port to Enabled. In the case of unused ports, set Enable Port to Disabled. Encapsulation Type

In the case of P2P E-Line services and IEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN services, set Encapsulation Type to Null. In the case of VLAN-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN services, set Encapsulation Type to 802.1q. In the case of QinQ-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1ad bridge-based E-LAN services, if a UNI can access untagged frames, set Encapsulation Type to NULL. If a UNI can access tagged frames only, set Encapsulation Type to 802.1q. In the case of an NNI port, set Encapsulation Type to QinQ.

In the case of an Ethernet port that is connected to the external equipment, set Working Mode to a value the same as that of the external equipment. (Generally, Working Mode of the external equipment is set to Auto-Negotiation. In the case of the Ethernet ports within the network, set Working Mode to Auto-Negotiation. When JUMBO frames are transmitted, set Max Frame Length (byte) according to the actual length of the JUMBO frames. Otherwise, it is recommended that you set Max Frame Length (byte) to 1536.



After the traffic control is enabled, if the link is congested, the Ethernet port sends the PAUSE frame to notify the peer end of stopping the transmission of Ethernet packets for a period, thus eliminating the link congestion. Required when the flow control function is enabled on the external equipment to which the Ethernet port is connected. Set the parameters as follows:

When the external equipment uses the non-auto-negotiation flow control function, set Non-Autonegotiation Flow Control Mode to Enable Symmetric Flow Control. When the external equipment uses the auto-negotiation flow control function, set Auto-Negotiation Flow Control Mode to Enable Symmetric Flow Control.







For P2P E-Line services and IEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN services: You do not need to set the layer 2 attributes. For VLAN-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1 bridge-based E-LAN services: If all the accessed services carry VLAN tags (tagged frames), set Tag to Tag Aware. If none of the accessed services carries VLAN tags (untagged frames), set Tag to Access. If the access services contain both tagged frames and untagged frames, set Tag to Hybrid. Set Default VLAN ID and VLAN Priority according to the network planning information. For QinQ-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1ad bridge-based E-LAN services: In the case of a UNI port, if Encapsulation Type is set to 802.1q, Tag must be set to Tag Aware (default value). In the case of an NNI port that is connected to the external equipment, set QinQ Type Domain according to the T-PID of the SVLAN that is supported by the external equipment. In the case of an NNI port within the network, set QinQ Type Domain to the default value.







The advanced attributes of Ethernet ports are used to configure the MAC/PHY loopback and query the traffic rate on the ports. Required when you need to enable the port self-loop test and automatic loopback shutdown functions or to enable the broadcast packet suppression function. Set Loopback Check, Loopback Port Shutdown, Enabling Broadcast Packet Suppression, and Broadcast Packet Suppression Threshold according to the requirements.






Setting the Parameters of IF_ETH PortsSetting the layer

2 attributes



①

②

③④

⑤

Encapsulation Type In the case of P2P E-Line services and IEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN services, set Encapsulation Type to Null. In the case of VLAN-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN services, set Encapsulation Type to 802.1q In the case of QinQ-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1ad bridge-based E-LAN services, if a UNI can access untagged frames, set Encapsulation Type to NULL. If a UNI can access tagged frames only, set Encapsulation Type to 802.1q. In the case of an NNI port, set Encapsulation Type to QinQ


The Layer 2 attributes of the IF-ETH port specify the relevant information about the link layer, including the tag attribute and QinQ type domain.

Setting the Parameters of IF_ETH PortsSetting the layer

2 attributes



For P2P E-Line services and IEEE 802.1d bridge-based E-LAN services: You do not need to set the layer 2 attributes. For VLAN-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1 bridge-based E-LAN services: If all the accessed services carry VLAN tags (tagged frames), set Tag to Tag Aware. If none of the accessed services carries VLAN tags (untagged frames), set Tag to Access. If the access services contain both tagged frames and untagged frames, set Tag to Hybrid. Set Default VLAN ID and VLAN Priority according to the network planning information. For QinQ-based E-Line services and IEEE 802.1ad bridge-based E-LAN services: In the case of a UNI port, if Encapsulation Type is set to 802.1q, Tag must be set to Tag Aware (default value). In the case of an NNI port that is connected to the external equipment, set QinQ Type Domain according to the T-PID of the SVLAN that is supported by the external equipment. In the case of an NNI port within the network, set QinQ Type Domain to the default value.


When the IF_ETH port transmits an Ethernet service that permits bit errors, such as a voice service or a video service, you can set Error Frame Discard to Disabled.

Setting the Parameters of IF_ETH Ports





Configuring the QinQ Link Configuring the QinQ link is prerequisite for configuring QinQ private line services and

802.1ad bridge services. ①

②

③

④⑤


Configuring the QinQ Link

QinQ Link ID specifies the ID of a QinQ link. Value range: 1 to 4294967295. Board specifies the board that carries the QinQ link. The Encapsulation Type of the port must be set to QinQ during the configuration of port parameters. Port specifies the port that carries the QinQ link. The Encapsulation Type of the port must be set to QinQ during the configuration of port parameters. S-Vlan ID specifies the VLAN ID (at the network operator side) for the QinQ link. This parameter is set according to the planning information.


Configuring the E-Line Service

①

②

③④

⑤


Configuring the P2P Transparently Transmitted E-Line Service (1)

Set Service ID/Service Name according to the design. Set Direction to UNI-UNI. Except for QinQ-based E-Line services, select UNI-UNI for all the other E-Line services.

Select a source port and a sink port. Select a board from the Board drop-down list, and then select an available port.

The values of the Encapsulation Type parameter of the ports must be the same.


Configuring the P2P Transparently Transmitted E-Line Service (2)


Configuring the VLAN-Based E-Line Service (1)

Set Service ID/Service Name according to the design. Set Direction to UNI-UNI. Except for QinQ-based E-Line services, select UNI-UNI for all the other E-Line services. Select a source port and a sink port. Then, configure the source VLAN and the sink VLAN.

Select a source port and a sink port. Select a board from the Board drop-down list, and then select an available port.

The values of the Encapsulation Type parameter of the ports must be the same.


①

②

③ ④ After the corresponding VLAN forwarding table item is created, the VLAN IDs of the service packets can be switched at the source or sink end of the E-Line service. If the VLAN IDs at both the source end and the sink end are the same, you do not need to create the VLAN forwarding table item.

Configuring the VLAN-Based E-Line Service (2)


Configuring the QinQ-Based E-Line Service (1)

Click Sink. In the dialog box that is displayed, select the selected QinQ link and click OK.

If you forgot to create a QinQ link, create one by clicking Create QinQ Link.

Set Service ID/Service Name according to the design. Set Direction to UNI-UNI or NNI-NNI. UNI-NNI indicates that services are accessed through ports to the QinQ link. Both source and sink of NNI-NNI are the QinQ Link. Select a source port and a sink port. If Direction is set to UNI-UNI, the source is a port and the sink is the QinQ link. If Direction to NNI-NNI, both the source and the sink are QinQ link.


Configuring the QinQ-Based E-Line Services (2)


A- Split Horizon Group – “Service level for loop prevention “

To isolate services and to prevent broadcast storms due to a service loop, The logical ports that are assigned in the same split horizon group cannot forward frames to each other.

When the ERPS protection is enabled for the ring network, the ERPS protocol ensures that no service loop is generated. If the split horizon group is configured in this case, it affects the ERPS protection.The OptiX RTN 950 supports only the split horizon group that is configured according the physical ports. Hence, if one of the logical ports that correspond to a physical port is configured as a member of a split horizon group, the other logical ports are automatically added to the split horizon group.B- Management of the MAC Address Table

Entries of a MAC address table provide the mapping relations between MAC addresses and ports. The entries can be classified into the following categories:> Dynamic entryObtained through the SVL/IVL mode. The dynamic entry may age or lost after the packet switching unit is reset.The aging time of a MAC address table is five minutes by default. The OptiX RTN 950 supports enabling/disabling the aging function and setting the aging time for the MAC address table.> Static entryA static entry, which corresponds to a specific MAC address and port, is manually added by the network administrator into the MAC address table by using the NMS. The static entry does not age, and is also not lost after the packet switching unit is reset. It is needed when MAC address is known, and on which there is large volume of traffic for a long time.> Blacklist entryA blacklist entry is used to discard the data frame that contains the specified MAC address, namely, The blackhole entry does not age, and is also not lost after the packet switching unit is reset.


C- Protection for Ethernet Services 1- Ethernet ring protection switching (ERPS), 2- link aggregation (LAG), 3- multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP).

ERPScan provide protection for the E-LAN services between all the nodes on the ring network.

RPL node

Protection Instance Protection Type R-APS Message R-APS Timer Switching Condition

Switching Impact Availability

Relation with Other Features Realization Principle

Refer to appendix-A for detailed description of above items.


Configuring the ERPS①

②③

④


Configuring the ERPS Set ERPS ID according to the design. The ERPS ID must be unique. The value of ERPS ID ranges from 1 to 8. East/West port: specifies the east/west port of the ERPS instance. RPLOwner Ring Node Flag: specifies whether a node on the ring is the ring protection link (RPL) owner. Only one node on the Ethernet ring can be set as the RPL owner. RPL Port: specifies the RPL port. Control VLAN: specifies the VLAN ID of Control VLAN. Each node on the Ethernet ring transmits the R-APS packets on the dedicated ring APS (R-APS) channel to ensure consistency between the nodes when the ERPS switching is performed. Control VLAN is used for isolating the dedicated R-APS channel. Therefore, the VLAN ID in Control VLAN cannot be duplicate with the VLAN IDs that are contained in the service packets or inband DCN packets. Destination Node: displays the MAC address of the destination node. The default destination MAC address in the R-APS packets is always 01-19-A7-00-00-01.


Configuring the ERPS

Hold-Off Time: specifies the hold-off time of the ERPS hold-off timer. If only the ERPS exists, set this parameter to 0. If the ERPS coexists with the LAG protection, set this parameter to 500 ms. Guard Time: specifies the guard time of the EPRS guard timer. It is recommended that you use the default value 500 ms. Entity Level: specifies the level of the maintenance entity according to the design.

WTR Time: specifies the WTR time of the WTR timer in the case of ERPS protection. It is recommended that you use the default value 5. Packet Transmit Interval: specifies the interval for transmitting the R-APS packets. It is recommended that you use the default value 5.

>noRB: The RPL is not blocked.>RB (RPL Blocked): The RPL is blocked.

> noDNF: The R-APS packets do not contain the DNF flag. In this case, the packets are forwarded by the node that detects the fault on a non-RPL link, and the node that receives the packets is requested to clear the forwarding address table.> DNF: not to clear the forwarding address table.

Idle: = normal stateProtection: : = other transition state

the MAC addressof the source node that initiates the switching request.


LAG

LAG provides the following functions:

Increased bandwidthaggregation module distributes the traffic to different members by using the load sharing algorithm, thus realizing the load sharing function at the link level.

> increased availabilityThe links in a LAG dynamically back up each other. When a link fails, another link in the LAG quickly replaces the faulty link.

LAG Types Port Types Switching Condition Availability Relation with Other Features

By aggregation type, >> [ manual aggregation and static aggregation.] By load type, >> [ load sharing and load non-sharing.]

LAG Types

## Manual aggregationWhen a user adds or deletes a member port, the LACP protocol is not started. A port is in the up or down state. The system determines whether to perform aggregation depending on the physical status of a port (up or down).

## Static aggregationWhen a user adds or deletes a member port, the LACPprotocol is started. A port can be in the selected or standby state.The LACP protocol determines the active and inactive links in the aggregation group. Static aggregation is more accurate and more effective than manual aggregation in controlling link aggregation.


$$ Load sharingEach member link in a LAG carries traffic. That is, the member links in the LAG share the load. When a member in aLAG changes or a certain link fails, the traffic is re-allocated automatically.The load sharing algorithms are as follows:– AUTO– Based on MAC addresses, including the source MAC address, destination MAC address, and source MAC address Xor destination MAC address.– Based on IP addresses, including the source IP address, destination IP address, and source IP address Xor destination IP address.

> Load non-sharingOnly one member link in a LAG carries traffic and the other links in the LAG are in the standby state. This is equivalent to 1:NBut OptiX RTN 950 can be configured with only one active link and one standby link.In this mode, the LAG can be set to revertive or non-revertive.

Port Types

MAIN PORT> it represents the LAG to participate in service configuration.> A LAG has exactly one main port.

> The main port can either in the selected state [the port can bear services] or in the standby state [the port cannot bear services], independent of the port status.

The main port must be in the affiliated aggregation group until the aggregation group is deleted.

> When the aggregation group is deleted, all the services in the aggregation group continue to exist on the main port and no services are lost.

SLAVE PORT> The slave port cannot participate in service configuration.

> A LAG can have several slave ports.

> The slave port can either in the selected state [bear service] or in the standby state [does not bear service].

> A slave port can be added to/deleted dynamically from the LAG by using the NMS.


Switching Condition

Switching Impact not longer than 500 ms),

Availability EM6T , EM6F , IFU2 , IFX2

> When you create a 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection group of the Hybrid radio, the NE automatically creates a LAG in non-load sharing mode. The main port is the IF_ETH port on the main IF board and the slave port is the IF_ETH port on the standby IF board. The LAG is not displayed on the NMS and cannot be configured manually.

> When you create an N+1 protection group of the Hybrid radio, the NE automatically creates a LAG in load sharing mode. By default, the main port is the IF_ETH port on the IF boardwith the smallest slot ID. The LAG is not displayed on the NMS and cannot be configured manually.

> When you create one XPIC protection group of the Hybrid radio, manually create the LAG because the NE does not automatically create a corresponding LAG.

> One LAG can be a member of an MSTP port group.

> One LAG can be a member of an IGMP Snooping multicast group.

> Air interfaces can be configured into a LAG. The AM attribute, channel spacing, modulation scheme, and preset number of E1 services must be set to the same values for the two IF ports in a LAG.

> Ethernet ports of the same type can be aggregated into a LAG. FE ports and GE ports cannot be aggregated.

Relation with Other Features


Configuring the LAG Link aggregation allows multiple links that are attached to the same equipment to be aggregated to form a link

aggregation group (LAG) so that the bandwidths and availability of the links increase. The aggregated links can be considered as a single logical link. Required if the LAG is configured to protect the FE/GE ports or if the Hybrid radio uses the N+0/XPIC configuration mode.

①

②

③④

⑤

⑥


Configuring the LAG Manually enter the number of the LAG. This parameter is valid only when Automatically Assign is not selected. Set the name of the LAG. It is recommended that you set LAG Name in a form of LAG_No. Set LAG Type to the same value as the opposite equipment. Generally, set LAG Type to Static for the equipment at both ends. In the case of FE/GE ports, set Load Sharing to the same value as the opposite equipment. If the LAG is configured only to realize protection, it is commended that you set Load Sharing to Non-Sharing for the equipment at both ends. If the LAG is configured to increase the bandwidth, it is recommended that you set Load Sharing to Sharing for the equipment at both ends. When the Hybrid microwave uses the N+0/XPIC configuration mode, set Load Sharing to Sharing for the equipment at both ends. Set Revertive Mode to the same value as the opposite equipment. Generally, set Revertive Mode to Revertive for the equipment at both ends. This parameter is valid to only LAGs whose Set Load Sharing to Non-Sharing. Set System Priority to the default value. This parameter is valid to only static LAGs. Set Main Board, Main Port, and Selected Slave Ports according to the planning information. It is recommended that you set this parameter to the same value for the main and slave ports of the LAGs at both ends. The Hybrid/AM attributes of the IF ports in the LAGs must be the same.


Configuring the LAG

Port Priority indicates the priorities of the ports in a LAG as defined in the LACP protocol. The smaller the value, the higher the priority. When ports are added into a LAG, the port of the highest priority is preferred for service transmission.

Set System Load Sharing Hash Algorithm to the same value as that of the opposite equipment. Unless otherwise specified, this parameter takes the default value. This parameter is valid to only LAGs whose “Load Sharing” is set to Sharing. The load sharing computation methods include:MAC address specific allocation (based on the source MAC address, destination MAC address, and XOR between source MAC address and source MAC address), IP address specific allocation (based on the source IP address, destination IP address, and XOR between source IP address and destination IP address).


MSTP MSTP maximizes the usage of link bandwidths by setting up several independent spanning trees.

The spanning tree topology can be configured in the case of a bridge fault or a route interruption. In this manner, protection is provided. Temporary data loops can be prevented by automatically accepting the bridges and ports of the bridges that are newly added into the LAN.

> A small part of the available link bandwidths is used to create or maintain the spanning tree, and the bandwidth does not increase with the expanding network scale.

> The MSTP classifies a switching network into different regions. Each region is called an MST region. Within each region, multiple spanning trees exist and they are independent from each other. Each spanning tree is called a multiple spanning tree instance (MSTI).

> In the case of the MSTP, the VLAN mapping table is configured to specify the mapping relations between VLANs and MSTIs. Within an MST region, each VLAN corresponds to one MSTI. That is, the data from the same VLAN can be transmitted only on the same MSTI. One MSTI, however, may correspond to multiple VLANs.

MSTI

VLAN2VLAN1 VLAN3

MST

MSTI

VLAN

> MSTI 1 uses switch A as the root switch to forward packets of VLAN 1.

> MSTI 2 uses switch C as the root switch to forward packets of VLAN 2.

MSTI1 > VLAN1 MSTI2 > VLAN2


Optix-910 and 950 supports only CIST.For more data refer to appendix A.


Configuration Example (802.1d-Bridge-Based E-LAN Service)

NE1

In this example, all the services are aggregated on NE1. Hence, the NE that is farthest from NE1 needs to function as the RPL owner. In this way, when the ring network is normal, the traffic carried on each link is relatively even.

In this example, ERPS is adopted to prevent network loop. Therefore, the split horizon group cannot be used.


Configuring the E-LAN Service

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⑤


Configuring the 802.1d Bridge-Based E-LAN Service (1)

Set Service ID/Service Name according to the design. Select Tag-Transparent from the Tag Type drop-down list. Set whether to enable the MAC address self-learning function. If the MAC self-learning function of an Ethernet LAN is enabled, the Ethernet LAN learns an MAC address according to the original MAC address in the packet and automatically refreshes the MAC address forwarding table.


Select a board from the Board drop-down list.

Select a port of the board. Click the right arrow to add the selected port to the list of selected ports.



Configured ports

Click Next.



Create a split horizon group as required.



Select Split Horizon Group to create a split horizon group as required. Split Horizon Group ID: The default value is 1. It cannot be set manually. Split Horizon Group Member: The port members that are added to the same split horizon group cannot communicate with each other.



Configuration Example (802.1q-Bridge-Based E-LAN Service)

NE1


Configuring the 802.1q Bridge-Based E-LAN Service (1)

Set Service ID/Service Name according to the design. Select C-Awared from the Tag Type drop-down list. Set whether to enable the MAC address self-learning function. If the MAC self-learning function of an Ethernet LAN is enabled, the Ethernet LAN learns an MAC address according to the original MAC address in the packet and automatically refreshes the MAC address forwarding table.



Configure the UNI port. Select a board from the Board drop-down list, and then select a port. Set VLAN of each port according to the design.



Select Split Horizon Group to create a split horizon group as required. The port members that are added to the same split horizon group cannot communicate with each other.


Configuration Example (802.1ad-Bridge-Based E-LAN Service)> Each BTS independently plans VLANs for its services.

> The BSC needs to be capable of processing the S-VLAN tag.> The BSC allocates an S-VLAN to each BTS, and the S-VLANs on the entire network are planned in a unified manner.> The Ethernet services on the ring network need to be protected.

NE1

NE2


Configuring the 802.1ad Bridge-Based E-LAN Service (1)

In the case of the 802.1ad bridge-based E-LAN services, configure the UNI port and the NNI port. Configure the UNI port first.

Set Service ID/Service Name according to the design. Select S-Awared from the Tag Type drop-down list. Set whether to enable the MAC address self-learning function. If the MAC self-learning function of an Ethernet LAN is enabled, the Ethernet LAN learns an MAC address according to the original MAC address in the packet and automatically refreshes the MAC address forwarding table.



Configure the UNI port. Select a board from the Board drop-down list, and then select a port. Set S-VLAN of each port according to the design.



Select Split Horizon Group to create a split horizon group as required. The port members that are added to the same split horizon group cannot communicate with each other.


Mixed Study configuration case

Untagged traffic 10 Mbps

Tagged V2 traffic 10 Mbps



2E1 services

Configuration scenarios:-

1- NE1—NE2 BW = 50 M.RNC supposed to receive aggregated traffic of Vlan-2 from Node-B_1 and Node-B_2 with rate 20 MBps.

2- NE1---NE2 BW has been reduced to 40M due to AM-DOWNSHIFT with V3 , V4 has the hier priorities.

NE2 NE1

NE3

NE4


Appendix A [ ERPS ] Protection Instance

Ethernet ring node, ring link, ring protection link (RPL), RPL owner, and east (E) ports and west (W) ports at each Ethernet ring node are defined.

Only one RPL is available on one Ethernet ring.

A ring port can be an FE port, a GE port, or a radio port. The OptiX RTN 950 does not support Ethernet tangent rings or Ethernet intersecting rings. That is, different protection instances of the ERPS cannot contain one or more same ring ports.

Protection Type The ERPS is revertive.

R-APS Message01-19-A7-00-00-01.

>> The ring nodes transmit R-APS messages on the specific R-APS channel to ensure that all the ring nodes perform consistent operations to complete the ERPS. The frame format of the R-APS message is a type of ETH-OAM frame formats.

>> An R-APS message uses afixed default MAC destination address,

>> An R-APS message also contains a VLAN ID, which identifies an R-APS message from the Ethernet service message and inband DCN message.

>> Through different VLAN IDs, R-APS messages and Ethernet service messages can be separately transmitted over isolated VLAN channels.

>> To prevent messages from forming loops, the blocked ports on the R-APS channel and on the Ethernet service channel must be the same. That is, the same ring port is blocked for the R-APS channel and the Ethernet service channel.


> R-APS (SF) message: A node detecting an SF condition transmits the R-APS (SF) message. The other ring nodes that receive the R-APS (SF) message are informed that a remote node is faulty.

> R-APS (NR, RB) message: The RPL owner transmits the R-APS (NR, RB) message. The other ring nodes that receive the R-APS (NR, RB) message are informed that the Ethernetring is normal and the RPL connection point on the remote RPL owner is blocked.

> R-APS (NR) message: A node that detects fault recovery transmits the R-APS (NR) message. Nodes that receive the R_APS (NR) message are informed that the switching trigger condition at the remote end is cleared.

If an R-APS message contains the DNF flag (that is, the value of the DNF field is equal to 1), a node that detects the fault on the RPL transmits this message. The node that receives this message is informed that it should not empty the MAC address table.R-APS Timer

Guard Timer WTR Timer Holdoff Timer

is used to prevent ring nodes from receiving outdated R-APS messages. When a faulty node detects that the switching condition is cleared, it starts the guard timer and starts to forward the R-APS (NR) message. When the guard timer is running, the ring node discards the R-APS message that arrives. When the guard timer expires, the received R-APS message is forwarded.10 ms steps between 10 ms and 2s, with a default value of 500 ms.

When the former working channelis restored to normal, the WTR timer on the RPL owner is started. and WTR timer running signal is continuously generated. When the WTR timer expires and no switching request of a higher priority is received, a WTR expire signal is continuously generated.

To adjust the switching sequence between the ERPS and other coexisting protection schemes. The holdoff timer allows a fault that triggers another protectionswitching (for example, the LAG protection) to be rectified before ERPS switching. When the ring node detects one or more new faults, the holdoff timer is started. When the holdoff timer is running, the fault is not reported to the ERPS scheme for processing. When the holdoff timer expires, the link status is checked regardless of whether the fault that starts the timer persists. If the fault persists, the fault isreported to the ERPS scheme for protection switching. The reported fault may not be the same as the fault that starts the holdoff timer.100 ms steps between 0s and 10s with an accuracyof ±5 ms. The default value is 0s.


Switching ConditionLocal SF – When a ring node detects the local SF condition on one of its ring ports, the ring node blocks the

service channel and R-ASP channel of this ring port.– In this case, the two ring ports on this ring node transmit the R-APS (SF) message.– The local SF condition enables the ring node to empty the MAC address table.– SF switching is triggered when any of the following alarms is reported: hardware fault on the IF board or theIF unit, hardware fault on the ODU, VOLT_LOS (on the IF board), RADIO_TSL_HIGH, RADIO_TSL_LOW,RADIO_RSL_HIGH, RADIO_RSL_HIGH, R_LOC, R_LOF, MW_LOF, MW_BER_EXC, BIP_EXC, andMW_FECUNCOR - ETH_LOS or ETH_LINK_DOWN

Reception ofthe R-APS(SF)

- When an RPL owner receives the R-APS (SF) message and does not receive a local switching request of a higher priority, the RPL owner unblocks the RPL connection point that is already blocked and thus connects the service channel on the RPL.- When an RPL owner receives the R-APS (SF) message and the local SF condition persists, the RPL owner ignores the R-APS (SF) message.- When the other ring nodes receive the R-APS (SF) message that does not contain the DNF flag, these ring nodes empty their MAC address tables.- When the other ring nodes receive the R-APS (SF) message that contains the DNF flag, these ring nodes do not empty their MAC address tables.

WTR timerExpired

>> When a ring node detects that the local SF condition on another ring node is cleared, this ring node continuouslytransmits the R-APS (NR) message, through its two ring ports, to the Ethernet ring to inform that no switching request exists at the local end. In addition, this ring node starts the guard timer.>> On the reception of the R-APS (NR) message, the RPL owner starts the WTR timer. During the duration period ofthe WTR timer, the reception of the R-APS (SF) message or the generation of the local SF condition at the RPL owner stops the WTR timer.>> When the WTR timer expires and a trigger condition of a higher priority does not exist, the RPL owner blocks theservice channel on the RPL and then transmits the R-APS (NR, RB) message, through its two ring ports, to the Ethernet ring to inform that the RPL is blocked. In addition, the RPL owner empties the MAC address table.

Q- in case of DNF =0 , does the static entries in MAC Table erased ??


Reception ofthe R-APS (NR,

RB)>> When the other ring nodes receive the R-APS (NR, RB) message that does not contain the DNF flag, all the ring nodes on which the local SF condition does not exist unblock all the non-RPLs that are blocked and empty their MAC address tables.>> If the R-APS (NR, RB) message is received after all the preceding actions are performed, the ring node no longer empties its MAC address table.

Switching Impact (less than 100 ms).

Availability EM6T , EM6F , IFU2 , IFX

The ERPS is associated with the 1+1 protection, LAG, and SNCP.* The 1+1 Hybrid radio link can function as the ring link or ring protection link in the ERPS protection.* The FE/GE link in the LAG or the 1+1 Hybrid radio link can function as the ring link or ring protection link in the ERPS protection.* The Hybrid microwave ring can use the SNCP and ERPS to respectively protect the E1 services and Ethernet services on the ring.

Relation with Other Features

Realization Principle

Scenario 2Scenario 1

(in the case of a fault on a non-RPL link) (in the case of a fault on an-RPL link)


3. NE A and NE B detect the local SF condition. After the holdoff timer expires, NE A andNE B block the ports that are connected to the faulty link and empty the MAC address table.

4. NE A and NE B keep transmitting the R-APS (SF) message to the Ethernet ring periodicallywhen the SF condition persists.5. The ring nodes that receive the R-APS (SF) message empty their MAC address tables.When the RPL owner receives the R-APS (SF) message, it unblocks the blocked RPL connection point.

6. The ERPS is complete and the ring becomes stable.8. NE A and NE B detect that the SF condition is cleared. In this case, NE A and NE B startthe guard timer and start to periodically transmit the R-APS (NR) message the other ring nodes.9. When the RPL owner receives the R-APS (NR) message, it starts the WTR timer. Afterthe WTR timer expires, the RPL owner blocks the RPL connection point. In addition, theRPL owner starts to transmit the R-APS (NR, RB) message and empties the MAC addresstable.10. When NE A and NE B receive the R-APS (NR, RB) message, they unblock the blocked ring ports and stop transmitting the R-APS (NR) message. In addition, NE A, NE B, and NE C empty their MAC address tables.


Scenario 2Can you guess the realization

Principle in that case. ?

Relevant AlarmsMULTI_RPL_OWNERThe MULTI_RPL_OWNER indicates that more than one RPL owner node exists on the Ethernet ring network.

Root causes of ERPS failure1- Hold-Off Time(ms) is set to a value longer than the permitted delay time.

2- Two or more Ethernet links on the Ethernet ring network are faulty [The ERPS provides protection only against one link failure.]

3- Control VLAN is the same as service or Inband DCN VLAN.

4- ERPS parameters are not set to the same values for each node

5- Different ERPS protection instances use one or more same ring ports.

6- More than one RPL owner node is configured on the Ethernet ring network.


Appendix B [ MSTP ]

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4- Ethernet Service

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