4 - Antennes Grand Gain
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Transcript of 4 - Antennes Grand Gain
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8/3/2019 4 - Antennes Grand Gain
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 1
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ANTENNES GRAND GAINANTENNES GRAND GAIN
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 2
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PLAN DU COURSPLAN DU COURS
j Introduction
Historique, gnralits
Caractristiques des antennes
j Partie I : Antennes compactes
j Partie II : Antennes larges bandesj Partie III : Antennes polarisation circulaire
j Partie IV : Antennes grand gain
j Partie V : Formation de faisceau
j Partie VI : Antennes intelligentes
j Partie VII : MIMO
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 3
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POURQUOI DU GRAND GAIN ?POURQUOI DU GRAND GAIN ?
augmentation de la porte
ponts radio
ouverture faible
radio-tlescopes
tracking
micro-ondes de puissance
transport dnergie sans fils
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 4
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PRINCIPALES CATEGORIESPRINCIPALES CATEGORIES
Hlices
Antennes Yagi-Uda
Cornets
Antennes rflecteurs
Antennes lentilles
Antennes BIP
Rseaux dantennes
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 5
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ANTENNES HELICESANTENNES HELICES
Pour un diamtre et un pas denroulement donn, cestle nombre de tours qui permet daugmenter la directivit
(pour le mode axial)
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 6
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ANTENNES YAGIANTENNES YAGI--UDAUDA
Cest lantenne TV classique
Structure relativement
complexe et fragile
lment aliment
lment non
aliment
Le principe part du calcul du couplage
entre un diple aliment et un diple passif
V1 = I1.Z11 + I2.Z12
0 = I2.Z22 + I1.Z12
E
dle gain de lensemble va dpendre de
d.cos E
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 7
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ANTENNES YAGIANTENNES YAGI--UDAUDA
De plus, si llment passif est plus
ou moins grand que P/2, soncomportement devient inductif ou
capacitif
un lment plus grand devient un
rflecteur,
un lment plus petit devient un
directeur
Lutilisation combine dun rflecteur et dun (ou
plusieurs) directeurs permet la cration dune antenne
directive ( gain de lordre de 12 dBi pour 6 lments)
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 8
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ANTENNES CORNETSANTENNES CORNETS
Le gain dun cornet vadpendre directement de la
taille de son ouverture
terminale
En pratique, le gain optimal dun cornet est de lordrede 20 dBi
)(5.7
log.102
dBiAp
D
}
P
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 9
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UTILISATION DE REFLECTEURUTILISATION DE REFLECTEUR
rflecteur plan
rflecteur en coin
rflecteur parabolique
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 10
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OPTIMISATION DES ANTENNES A REFLECTEUROPTIMISATION DES ANTENNES A REFLECTEUR
Antennes multi-faisceaux
Antenne Cassegrain
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 11
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OPTIMISATION DES ANTENNES A REFLECTEUROPTIMISATION DES ANTENNES A REFLECTEUR
Principe doffset
Principe des rflecteurs multiples
Pertes par spill-over
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 12
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RADIORADIO--TELESCOPE BIG EARTELESCOPE BIG EAR
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 13
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FONCTIONNEMENT DE BIG EARFONCTIONNEMENT DE BIG EAR
Couvre la bande20 MHz-3 GHz
rflecteur
plan
inclinable
rflecteur
focalisant
cornets
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 14
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ANTENNES A LENTILLESANTENNES A LENTILLES
En suivant les lois de loptique gomtrique, on peututiliser des systmes de lentilles en matriaux
dilectriques pour focaliser le champ dans une direction
voulue
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 15
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ANTENNES A LENTILLESANTENNES A LENTILLES
On utilise parfois la place du dilectrique des alternances
de motifs mtalliques produisant le mme effet
Mme problmes de
spill-over que les
paraboles
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 16
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ANTENNES A BIPANTENNES A BIP
Utilisation desproprits des
structures Bande
Interdite Photonique
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 17
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EXEMPLE EN SPATIALEXEMPLE EN SPATIAL
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Guillaume VILLEMAUD Cours Techniques dAntennes 18
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MISE EN RESEAU DANTENNESMISE EN RESEAU DANTENNES
On peut enfin associer N antennes en rseaux, leur
diagramme de rayonnement sera alors la combinaisondu diagramme lmentaire et du facteur de rseau
Plus on veut de gain, plus il faut augmenter N
Disposition en rseau en 1D, 2D voir 3D
Problme : plus N augmente plus les systmes
dalimentations deviennent complexes