4. 2009 Students Development - Copy
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Transcript of 4. 2009 Students Development - Copy
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PART TWO
FOCUS ON DEVELOPMENT
G.P-RHULE
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DEFINITION
An increase in
complexity of functional
capacity
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SOME PRINCIPLES OF
DEVELOPMENT(NEUROLOGICAL)
Like growth, is continuous up till maturity
Sequence is the same for all children but rate
may vary even in healthy children.
Directly related to the development of the
nervous system.
The older the child more likely that
development will be influenced by
environment.
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PRINCIPLES OF DEV. CTD
Generally in the head to tail direction.
Certain primitive reflexes need to be lost
before the corresponding voluntary
movement is acquired.
Disease states may affect the rate of
development.
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DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEVELOMENT
Luke 2:52
And Jesus increased inwisdom and stature, and infavour with God and man.
Luke 1:80And the child grew, andwaxed strong in spirit, andwas in the deserts till the dayof his shewing unto Israel
1Sa 2:26 And the child Samuelwent on growingboth in statureand in goodness, both withJehovah and also with men.
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OTHER FORMS OF DEVELOPMENT
Sexual maturation (Tanner scoring.)
Dental development.
Osseous maturation. Intelligence testing.
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WHY DO WE NEED TO ASSESS DEVELOPMENT?.
To identify correctible problems early and institute
therapy .
As a diagnostic tool in children with underlying
pathology. For appropriate counselling of parents.
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MAIN AREAS OF NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Gross motor.
Fine motor and vision.
Hearing and speech. Social development
IMPORTANT TO KNOW (AND TEST!!)MILESTONES IN ALL 4 AREAS!!!
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ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS 1
CHILD DEVELOPS AND REGRESSES, -
SOMETIMES OCCURS IN HIV INFECTION,
OTHER DISEASES
CHILD APPEARS TO BE DEVELOPING
NORMALLY THEN SUDDENLY STOPS OR
SLOWS DOWNACUTE INSULT,
KERNICTERUS
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ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS 2
NORMAL GROSS MOTOR BUT
ABNORMAL FINE MOTORBLIND,
VISUALLY IMPAIRED?
NORMAL MOTOR, ABNORMAL SPEECH
AND LANGUAGEHEARING IMPAIRED?
ABNORMAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
ONLY ?AUTISTIC
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MILESTONES
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DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES.
AT BIRTH
Well flexed, enough head control to prevent
suffocation, but head down on ventral
suspension.
Fixes on mothers face when breastfeeding,
May follow up to 90 degrees.
Startles to loud noises.
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DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
6 WEEKS.
Holds chin up when prone, less head lag.
Follows objects 180 degrees in horizontalplane, watches people.
Social smiling begins.
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DEV. MILESTONES CTD.
12 WEEKS.
Lifts head and chest when prone.
Begins to reach but misses. Fixes and follows in the horizontal and
vertical plane.
Sustained social contact, begins to vocalise,listens to music.
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DEV. CTD.
16 WEEKS.
Lifts head and chest completely when prone.
Begins to turn from front to back.
Begins to grasp and bring to mouth. No
head lag. Bears weight on feet.
Laughs.
Clearer vocalisation.
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16 WEEKS
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DEV. CTD.
6 months
Rolls supine to prone, most Ghanaian
children are sitting without support
Reaches out and grasps objects with palmar
grasp, transfers objects.
Polysyllabic vowel sounds.
Prefers mother, stranger recognition
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5 MONTHS PALMAR GRASP
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PALMAR GRASP
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9 MONTHS
Crawling
Grasps with pincer grasp. Recognises the
permanence of objects.
Repetitive consonant sounds, passes
distraction test.
Responds to name call, plays simple games
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PINCER GRASP
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1 YEAR
Stands without support, many Ghanaian
children walk.
Full pincer grasp, releases objects on
request.
Mama, Dada + few other words.
Plays simple ball game, makes postural
adjustments when being dressed.
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18 MONTHS.
Beginning to run, walks up stairs one foot at
a time with hand held.
Tower of 4 cubes, scribbles.
10 words, names pictures, begins to identify
body parts.
Feeds self, tells when wet or soiled.
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2 YEARS
Runs steadily, down stairs one foot at a time,
opens doors, climbs furniture.
Tower 7 cubes, circular scribbling.
3 word sentences-(subject, verb, object).
Handles spoon well, tells immediate
experiences, listens to stories, very wilful!!
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EARLY CHILDHOOD SCREENING TOOL
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EARLY CHILDHOOD SCREENING TOOL
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