3M™ Wind Blade Adhesive W1100 - European Coatings · 3M Products for Wind Energy 3M Renewable...
Transcript of 3M™ Wind Blade Adhesive W1100 - European Coatings · 3M Products for Wind Energy 3M Renewable...
3M Products for Wind Energy
Advancements in Structural Epoxy Adhesives for Wind Blade Assembly
European Coatings Conference "Adhesives for wind and solar technology" Tony Kremer & Christian Claus 3M Renewable Energy Division
3M Products for Wind Energy
3M stands for Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing
Founded: 1902 in Two Harbors, USA Today’s Headquarters: St. Paul, Minnesota From its beginnings as a mining company (= Mining), and later including further processing (= Manufacturing), 3M has now developed into a diversified technology company with worldwide operations.
3M Europe and Middle East Headquarters: Brussels Sales: $ 6.3 billion Employees: 18,120 Subsidiaries in more than 30 countries
3M Worldwide Headquarters: St. Paul Sales: $ 26.7 billion Employees: 80,000 Subsidiaries in over 65 countries
3M Germany Headquarters: Neuss Sales: $ 2.9 billion Employees: 4,790 Subsidiaries at 14 locations
3M Products for Wind Energy
3M Renewable Energy Division
3M enables more efficient and more reliable wind turbines, build faster and safer
Leveraging 3M’s core competencies in the field of films, adhesives, tapes, coatings and the inventive power of 40+ additional corporate technology platforms
3M Products for Wind Energy
3M Renewable Energy Division
3M’s Renewable Energy
Reduce cycle time Lower blade costs Faster, more efficient blade
throughput
Blade Processing
Aids
Increase strength, decrease weight Lower blade costs Improve turbine efficiency Enhance mechanical properties Improve laminate quality
Blade Structure
Blade Bonding
Structural Adhesives & Threadlockers
Dry Layup Adhesive
Sealants
Butyl Tape Mold Release
Other Consumable Tapes
Improve resistance to erosion, icing, and fouling Reduce cycle time Improve aerodynamics Reduce interference with radar Easier to maintain
Blade Surface
Erosion Coatings Functional Coatings
Wind Repair Fillers
Hot Melts
Wind Protection Tapes
3M Products for Wind Energy
Important Notes
W1100 = original wind blade adhesive offered by 3M (superseded by W1101) W1101 = current high performance wind blade adhesive from 3M Unless otherwise stated, the results presented for W1100 and W1101 are
based on a 4 hour 70°C cure.
The information presented here should be considered typical or representative only, and should not be used for specification purposes. The data are also based on a limited number of manufacturing runs.
On occasion, 3M does provide internal 3M test data as a service to our customers. 3M does not certify the accuracy or validity of this information and 3M is not responsible for customer’s interpretation of or use or misuse of the provided information. For example, customers should not use this information for business purposes, including but not limited to setting test criteria, developing a specification or evidence of meeting a specification, or as a basis for determining if a product is fit for a particular application or will have particular attributes. Product attribute claims should not be based on this information.
The information provided is made available on an “as is” basis. 3M makes no warranty, express or implied, related to this information. 3M shall not be liable for any incidental, special, or consequential damages relating to the use or inability to use this information, regardless of the legal theory asserted.
3M Products for Wind Energy
Epoxy Adhesives
Structural epoxy adhesives have been successfully used for wind blade assembly for decades Common properties:
High shear strength Outstanding adhesion to common wind blade materials
Excellent mechanical properties High tensile modulus (rigidity) High ultimate tensile strength
Superior elevated temperature properties (onset Tg > 65°C with thermal cure) Moderate exotherm and bond line temperatures Robust mix ratio tolerance Low shrinkage during cure Outstanding environmental resistance
3M Products for Wind Energy
Shear Strength
Cohesive failure
Laminate failure
Laminate failure
Cohesive failure
Failure during lap shear tests on epoxy composite materials mostly occurs
within substrate (interlaminate split)
3M Products for Wind Energy
Shear Strength
GL Requirement
Shear strength > 22 MPa and relatively constant over temperature
range from -40°C to 50°C
3M Products for Wind Energy
Tensile Properties
Relatively constant tensile modulus and rigidity over a wide temperature range =
cured adhesive glass transition well above maximum 50°C
operating temperature
Toughened epoxy formulations (such as 3M W1101) exhibit slightly lower tensile strength but higher elongations at break
3M Products for Wind Energy
Exotherm
3M W1101: Energy release ≈240 J/g
Standard epoxy adhesive: Energy release ≈290 J/g
Differential Scanning Calorimetry 10°C/min ramp rate
Reduced total energy release (exotherm) during cure helps control maximum adhesive
bond line temperatures
3M Products for Wind Energy
Bond Line Temperature
Thick adhesive bond line (20 mm) sandwiched between two plastic slabs
to simulate wind blade assembly
Peak centerline adhesive temperatures ≈ 100°C
Thinner bond lines or lower temperature cures will further reduce the peak temperature
3M Products for Wind Energy
Shrinkage During Cure
Density increase during cure corresponds to:
1.00% volume shrinkage 0.33% linear shrinkage
3M W1101
Mix
Cure
3M Products for Wind Energy
Environmental Resistance
3M W1101
Essentially no reduction in bond strength after 1,000 hours immersion in a wide variety of solvents, high temperature,
high humidity, and other environments
3M Products for Wind Energy
Epoxy Adhesives
Some recent advancements in structural epoxy adhesives for wind blade assembly can provide process improvements and greater final performance Differentiating properties:
Cure speed Strength development Tg development
Pot life Toughness
T-peel Floating roller peel Fracture energy
3M W1101
+ =
3M Products for Wind Energy
Strength Development High temperature lap shear test ensures
adhesive has cured to sufficient Tg
3M W1101 provides 70°C shear strength of 12 MPa after just 2.5 hours of 70°C cure
(4 hours faster than standard epoxy adhesive)
3M Products for Wind Energy
Strength Development
Two-part epoxy adhesives cure slowly at room temperature, but with an improved
curative package, can cure extremely quickly at temperatures of 50°C and higher
3M Products for Wind Energy
Tg Development
3M W1101 provides a midpoint Tg of 70°C after just 2.5 hours of 70°C cure
(at least 4 hours faster than the standard epoxy adhesive)
3M Products for Wind Energy
Tg Development
Regardless of exact cure schedule, epoxy adhesives with an optimized curative package can save hours of mold time
GL Requirement
Minimum onset Tg > 65°C ensures consistent
mechanical properties up to 50°C (and probably to
even higher temperatures)
3M Products for Wind Energy
Pot Life
Despite faster cure speeds, both epoxy adhesives (3M W1100 and
W1101) retain higher % of original bond strength for longer pot life
3M Products for Wind Energy
Toughness (via T-Peel)
GL Requirement
Peel tests force cohesive split of adhesive itself, providing some indication of internal toughness
3M W1101 provides 3.5x higher T-peel strength compared to the standard epoxy adhesive
3M Products for Wind Energy
Toughness (via Floating Roller Peel) Peel tests force cohesive split of adhesive itself, providing some indication of internal toughness
3M W1101 provides 3x higher floating roller peel strength
compared to the standard epoxy adhesive at 22°C, and much greater
increase at cold temperatures
3M Products for Wind Energy
Toughness (via Fracture Energy) Compact tension test measures energy required to propagate a crack through the adhesive, an
excellent indication of toughness
Toughened epoxy adhesives can provide over 2x higher
fracture energy compared to the standard epoxy adhesive
3M Products for Wind Energy
Conclusion
Advancements in structural epoxy adhesives for wind blade assembly can provide: Faster cure speed (approximately 4 hours faster at 70°C)
= mold time savings, manufacture more blades per mold Longer pot life (at least 2 hours at 30°C) Improved mechanical properties Equivalent shear strength 3x peel strength 2x fracture energy = improved crack resistance, fewer repairs, greater performance and durability
= improved performance in more demanding applications (longer blades, segmented or modular construction)
3M Products for Wind Energy
for your attention Thank You
Christian Claus Business Development Manager Wind Energy - Renewable Energy Division 3M Europe, Middle East & Africa E-Mail: [email protected] Tel: +49-2131-144140
More Information www.3M.com/wind