3M™ Glass Bubbles in Drilling Fluids...

© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.

3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division

© 3M 2010. All Rights Reserved.© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.

3M™ Glass Bubbles in Drilling Fluids ApplicationsClara Mata, PhD




Low Density Drilling Fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles

Depleted reservoirsGeologically-fractured formationsPoorly-consolidated formationsHigh-permeability formations

In general, reduction of differential pressure can result in:Higher productivity through increased rate of penetration (ROP)Elimination of differential stickingReduction or elimination of fluid loss/lost circulationReduction of formation damage

Ideal for use near balance, at balance or underbalance drilling applications in:




3M™ Glass Bubbles successfully and predictably reduce the density of drilling fluidDrilling fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles are homogeneous, incompressible, stable and allow measurement while drilling (MWD)They provide good borehole stability and excellent hole cleaningThey can survive demanding downholeconditionsThey also help ease the pressure on rig footprint and personnel – always an issue offshore or at remote inland locations

Offer the potential to reduce costs and improve performance



Low Density Drilling Fluids Options

Fresh WaterOil Base Mud

OilAerated Mud

HGS/Oil BasedFoam with Back-Press

Stable FoamMist

Air, Gas0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Fluid Density (ppg)

HGS/Water based

By adding 3MTM Glass Bubbles you can prepare a single phase incompressible drilling fluid with density as low as 5.5 ppg.



Aerated fluids are compressibleHydraulic calculations complexDrill string vibrationFriction and torque increaseCuttings lift loss efficiencySignal attenuation while drillingMay compromise well stabilityCorrosion issuesFire/explosion issuesCost of technique – SpecializedResources

In spite of the benefits gained by overcoming overbalance conditions, several concerns exist with aerated fluids:

Aerated Fluids Concerns

Compressor/N2 costs Rotating BOP’s

Multiphase separation

Corrosion

VibrationsHydraulic calculation

Cuttings lifting

High torqueDrag

Borehole stability

Fire/Explosions

MWD Transmission

FluidInvasion

Source: Maurer, W. et al (2001) Development and Testing of Underbalanced Drilling Products, DOE Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31197



An innovative alternative to produce low density drilling fluids by incorporating 3M™ Glass Bubbles into conventional drilling fluids3M™ Glass Bubbles can be added to virtually any type of existing mud systemAllow usage of standard mud handling equipmentCan survive demanding downhole conditions Will not adversely affect the rheology of a fluidCan help lubricate the drillstring and reduce casing wear

Provide an alternative to Aerated Fluids




80%90%18,000HGS18000*80%90%10,000HGS10000*90%90%8,000HGS8000X80%90%6,000HGS600080%90%5,500HGS500080%90%4,000HGS400080%90%3,000HGS300080%90% 2,000HGS2000

Minimum Fractional SurvivalTarget Fractional SurvivalTest Pressure (psi)Product

0.630.630.450.490.410.410.380.35

Maximum

0.570.60HGS18000 0.570.60HGS10000 0.390.42HGS8000X0.430.46HGS60000.350.38HGS5000 0.350.38HGS4000 0.320.35HGS3000 0.290.32HGS2000

MinimumTrue Density (g/cc)TypicalProduct

3M™ Glass Bubbles – Engineered Material

*Per 3M QCM 14.1.8 in glycerol.

Density

Strength



40

50

60

70

80

90

100

50 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000pressure, psi

volu

me

surv

ival

, %

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

SG

Survival, %SG

3M™ Glass Bubbles HGS8000X

10–100 micronsSize600°CSoft Temperature

9–10 in waterpH8,000 PSICrush Strength

Mohs scale 5Hardness0.42 g/ccDensity

Soda-lime Borosilicate GlassCompositionSphericalShape

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 10 100particle size, μm

volu

me

frequ

ency

, %

Remain stable in a slurry mixtureEnable a more aggressive solids control process in drilling fluids applications

25 μm

> 90%



Formulating with 3M™ Glass Bubbles HGS8000XExample

Slurry Density GB Vol % MT for 1000 bbl

8.0 7.1 4.87.5 17.5 11.77.0 27.8 18.66.7 34.0 22.7

Total Volume 1000 bblInitial Density 8.3 ppgTarget Density 7.0 ppg

3M™ HGS8000X Density 0.42 g/cc (within 90%)3.51 ppg

Ingredient Density V/V Volume Weight Weightppg % bbl MT lb

Base Fluid 8.3 72.20 722 114.803M™ HGS8000X 3.51 27.80 278 18.56 40,918

Total 7.0 100.0 1000 133.36



Guin, AL

Cottage Grove, MN

Naju, Korea

Tilloy, France

Coming Soon Brazil

Global Manufacturing Close to your Drilling Site



Small Box

Large Box Bulk Bag

Bulk

From our Warehouse to your facilityAvailable in:

Small box (100 lb)Large Box (200-850 lb)Bulk Bags (200-1000lbs)Bulk Liner

Packaging and Transportation



3M™ Glass Bubbles HGS Series General Handling

Storage and HandlingMinimum storage conditions are unopened cartons in an unheated warehouse.Carefully re-tie open bags after use.During hot and humid months store in the driest coolest space possible.Diaphragm pumps and Pneumatic conveyor systems have been used successfully to transport 3M™ Glass Bubbles from shipping containers to batch mixing equipment.Static eliminators should be used to prevent static charges.For product Health, Safety and Environmental information, refer to product label and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before using product.



3M™ Glass Bubbles are compatible with:

Shakers CyclonesTriplex pumpsCentrifugal pumps

Compatibility with Standard Equipment

Source: Maurer, W. et al (2001) Development and Testing of Underbalanced Drilling Products, DOE Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31197

Bentonite

.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000

Glass Spheres

Drilled Solids

SILT FINESAND

COARSESAND

GRAVEL

20

0

10

0

60 20

MESHSo

lids

Per

cen

tage

MICRONS



Other Solid Control Equipment

Suggested Centrifuge setting when using 3M™ Glass Bubbles

Reduce feed rate to approximately ½ of the conventional rate to prevent overloading of effluent exit ports. Lower the speed of the bowl to approximately 50% of the normal settings to minimize liquid removal from the glass bubble slurry.Two centrifuges may be used in parallel to accommodate for this changes without compromising the efficiency of the overall solids control process.



Maurer, W. et al (2001) Development and Testing of Underbalanced Drilling Products, DOE Contract No. DE-AC21-94MC31197

SPE30500 (1995) Use of Hollow Glass Spheres for Underbalanced Drilling Fluids.

SPE 38637 (1997) Field Application of Lightweight Hollow Glass Sphere Drilling Fluid.

SPE 62899 (2000) Field Application of Glass Bubbles as a Density-Reducing Agent.

SPE 75508 (2002) Field application of Glass Bubbles as a Density Reducing Agent in an Oil Base Drilling Fluid for Marginal / Low-Permeability / Low-Pressure Reservoirs.

OTC 14278 (2002) Aphron Drilling Fluid: Field Lessons From Successful Application in Drilling Depleted Reservoirs in Lake Maracaibo.

SPE108423 (2009) Increasing production by Maximizing Underbalance during Perforation.

SPE/IADC 125702 (2009) Case Study Using Hollow Glass Microspheres to Reduce the Density of Drilling Fluids in the Mumbai High, India and Subsequent Field Trial at GTI Catoosa Test Facility.

SPE/IADC 130326 (2010) Assessment on the Performance of Hollow Glass Microspheres in Low Density Fluids for workover programs in fractured basement reservoirs at the White Tiger Oil Fields, Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam.

K. Munawar et al (2011) Rheological and statistical evaluation of nontraditional lightweight completion fluid and its dependence on temperature, J. of Petroleum Sci. and Eng. 77 27-33

Publications on 3M Glass Bubble use in Drilling Fluids




3M™ Glass Bubbles successfully and predictably reduce the density of drillingDrilling fluids with 3M™ Glass Bubbles are homogeneous, incompressible, stable and allow measurement while drilling (MWD)They provide good borehole stability and excellent hole cleaningThey can survive demanding downholeconditionsThey also help ease the pressure on rig footprint and personnel – always an issue offshore or at remote inland locations

Offer the potential to reduce costs and improve performance



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3M™ Glass Bubbles in Drilling Fluids...

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