3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline

Communication Markets Division 1

Key Decision Points for

FTTP Implementation

June 27, 2007

Thomas E. BludauMgr, FTTP Business Development

3M Communication Markets Division


• Type of FTTP Network Architecture– FTTP Networks– P2P vs PON

• FTTP Deployment Scenarios– Greenfield vs Overlay

• FTTP Outside Plant Construction– Aerial vs Buried/Underground

• PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed• OSP Network Design• Distribution Cable: Ribbon vs LBT• Connectors• Terminals• Drop Termination Method• Training

3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline


3M Communication Markets DivisionType of FTTP Network Architecture = Buildings That We Work In

Small Business Unit (SBU)

Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU)

Overlay Build

Green Field Build

CO

Overlay Build

Green Field Build

CO

SBU

Single Tenant Unit (STU)


3M Communication Markets DivisionType of Network Architecture = Buildings That We Live In

High-Rise Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU)

•Condo or Apartment

•Leased or Owned

•10+ Floors/Stories

•128+ Living Units (LU)

•Internal residential entry

Medium-Rise Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU)

•Condo or Apartment

•Leased or Owned

•Up to 10 Floors/Stories

•12 to 128 Living Units (LU)

•Internal residential entry

Single Family Unit (SFU)

•Leased or Owned

•1 or 2 Floors/Stories

•One Living Unit (LU)

•External residential entry

Small Size Multi-Dwelling Unit (MDU)

•Condo, Townhome, or Apartment

•Also called Garden Style or Horizontal Style

•Leased or Owned

•Up to 3 Floors/Stories

•Up to 12 Living Units (LU)

•External residential entry


Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)PON - Centralized Splitting

3M Communication Markets Division Types of Fiber Networks for Single Family Units

ODF

OLT

ONTCO

Fiber Distribution Cable Fiber Drop Cable Fiber Feeder Cable

Fiber Terminal

•No Couplers/Splitters, serves a consolidation function for 4-8 HHs

•Distribution fiber dedicated from the Fiber Distribution Hub to CPE

•Distribution fiber connected to drop

Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH)

•Houses 1x32 couplers/splitters

•Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point

Central Office

•Contains the OLT & ODF

•All switching is done in the CO

Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per HH with

reassignables Copper cable in the premises


3M Communication Markets DivisionType of Fiber Networks for MDU/MTU: Fiber to the Premises/Home/Living Unit

TC

ER

ODF

OLT

CO

ONT

Fiber Outside Plant Copper Plant in thePremises

Fiber Riser Plant


ODF

OTE

ONTCO

3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP P2P vs PON – P2P Definition


Fiber Terminals

•No Couplers/Splitters

•Distribution fiber spliced or connected to drop fiber

Opto-Electronic Cabinet

•Contains the Ethernet switch & fiber interconnect panels; fiber interconnect may be in a separate cabinet

•Requires AC powering

Central Office

•Contains the ODF and OTE – optical transmission equipment (DWDM, SONET/SDH)

Fiber Count 2 - 10 per 1000 HHs 1 or 2 per HH

•Point-to-point - a network providing dedicated fiber from each subscriber to active electronic equipment located at a mid-point in the network; ex. P2P switched Ethernet•IEEE 802 EFM – Ethernet in the First Mile•Benefits: higher BW, greater security


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP P2P vs PON: PON Definition

ODF

OLT

ONTCO


Fiber Terminal





•Houses 1x32 or 1x16 couplers/splitters, typically


Central Office



Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per HH

•Passive Optical Network - network in which bandwidth traveling over fiber is shared among multiple users, via the use of splitters.•Ethernet (E), Broadband (B), Gigabit (G), Gigabit Ethernet (Ge)•Benefits: no remote actives, easy to provide Triple Play, fewer ports needed


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP – PON Standards

Source: Tellabs


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Full Build vs Overlay Architectures

• Full Build in Greenfield Areas– Built to serve all homes & businesses– Commonly used for greenfield applications

• Overlay– For settled neighborhoods for broadband service demand

and plant upgrade (relief & rehab)– Deployed alongside existing copper twisted-pair plant– Network Characteristics

• Feeder & distribution plant passes all households• Electronics added as customers transition• Fiber Distribution Hub (similar to a copper cross-connect)

provides interconnection between feeder & distribution

– Defers capital, costs are subscriber penetration driven– Rate of transition driven by demand for broadband

services and repair costs associated with existing plant


3M Communication Markets DivisionEstimated US FTTP Costs per Household (HH)

ODF

OLT

ONTCO

OSP Costs per Household (HH) Passed Connect Costs per HHOLT & CO Costs per HH

2005 - $250+2006 - $200+

2005 - $1,2002006 - $900

2005 - $1,1002006 - $850


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP OSP Plant Network Construction: Buried/UG Plant

• Direct buried in greenfield, most economical• Rear lot line vs front lot line construction• Overlay builds disruptive to established neighborhoods, directional

boring used to reduce disruption

Below-Grade Example• Issues: impact on existing plant and other utilities, plant locating for

all dielectric cable, installation costs, ROW easements


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP OSP Plant Network Construction: Aerial Plant

• Ideal for overlay builds• Less expensive on a first-cost basis• Options

– Overlashing to existing plant

– New pole line construction– New construction on joint use poles

• Issues: pole line attachment fees, vertical space limitations, higher maintenance costs, “Mother Nature”

Fiber

Copper

Fiber

Copper


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP – PON OSP Plant Network Architecture:

Centralized Splitting

ODF

OLT

ONTCO


Fiber Terminal





•Houses 1x32 or 1x16 couplers/splitters, typically


Central Office



Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per HH


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP – PON OSP Plant Network Architecture:

Distributed Splitting

ODF

OLT

ONTCO


Fiber Terminals

•Houses 1x4 or 1x8 couplers/splitters

•Dedicated fiber from terminal to CPE

•Distribution fiber spliced to coupler/splitter

•Drop fiber connected to coupler


•Houses 1x4 or 1x8 couplers/splitters


Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs 1 per 4 or 8 HHs

Central Office




3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP-PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed

• Centralized Benefits– Easier to test and troubleshoot– Defers investment in OLT electronics and splitters

until needed– Centralized access point for maintenance– Lower signal loss– Assures higher splitter and OLT electronics

utilization

• Distributed Benefits– Lower distribution cable fiber count– Less fiber needed in the distribution plant


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP-PON OSP Plant Network Design:

Below-Grade Branch Closure w/ Terminal

ODF

OLT

COPAD

Mount FDH

Distribution Closure

Feeder ClosureVault

Closure

TerminalHandhole

Handhole

Handhole

Terminal

Closure

•One Closure per 2 – 4 terminals

•Terminals with pre-terminated stubs

•One terminal per 4 HHs

•Hermetically-Sealed terminals & closures


3M Communication Markets Division FTTP-PON OSP Plant Network Design:

Aerial Strand-Mount, Loop-Through

ODF

OLT

ONTCO

ONT

Pole Mount FDH

Strand Mount

Closure

Strand Mount

Terminal

Pole Mount

Terminal

Distribution ClosureFeeder

Closure

•Integrated terminal closure utilized

•Free-Breathing

•Requires expressing at each terminal location

•Design also used for above- & below-grade buried/UG plant


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Distribution Cable Plant Design

Ribbon Fiber Cable vs Single Fiber LBT Cable– Splitting tubes vs splitting ribbons

• Ribbons now available in 4, 6, 8, & 12 fiber ribbons, eliminates splitting ribbons – Advantage Ribbon

– Cleaving and Splicing• One fiber at a time vs 4, 6, 8, or 12 at a time – Advantage

Ribbon

– Expressing ribbons vs LBTs• Ribbons require less real estate in closures & terminals –

Advantage Ribbon

– Terminal Drop Connectivity Solution• Fusion spliced drop – Advantage LBT• Fusion spliced pigtail – Advantage Ribbon

– Sparing strategy – Advantage LBT


3M Communication Markets DivisionConnector Type and Quantity: FTTP PON Network

Number of Connector Pairs

–Central Office (CO): OLT & EDFA (1), WDM (2), ODF (2)

–Outside Plant (OSP): FDH (1 or 2); depends if splitter input is spliced or connectorized, Fiber Terminal (1 or 2 ); depends on drop connectivity method and use of splitters at terminals

–Premises: ONT (1)

Type of Connector

–SC, LC

–APC vs UPC

*deciding factor is analog CATV signals

*Applicable standards (Telcordia GR-326-CORE & TIA/EIA-568-B.3) specify connections lower than –55dB

FDH

ODF

Voice

Data

Video

OLT

EDFA

WDM

FDT

ONT

UPS

Central Office

Splitter

Home


3M Communication Markets DivisionOutside Plant FTTP - Fiber Access Terminals

• a point in the network where the distribution cable fibers are connected or spliced to the drop cables. Drop cables are eventually connected to the ONT or ONU located at the customer premises. Also known as a FDT (fiber distribution terminal).

• functions as either a connectorization or splice point for the drop cables as well as consolidation point for couplers/splitters used with the Distributed Splitting architecture.

• typically serves 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 HHs (households)

• Types of FATs– Terminal Closure – used for applications that requires the splicing or field

connectorization of the distribution fibers to the drop fibers. Typically equipped with a splice tray and allow for the “expressing” distribution fibers.

– Factory Stubbed Terminal –equipped with a factory installed cable that has connectors on one end or both ends. The pigtail configuration requires that the fibers be spliced to the distribution fiber in a splice closure.


• Placement Location and Type of Plant (aerial, buried, underground)– strand mount and pole mount for aerial applications– pedestal and flush-to-grade (handhole) for buried/underground applications– wall mount for both aerial and buried applications

• Environmental Protection– Sealed – required for below-grade applications, also used for aerial applications or above-grade buried applications– Breathable (Free Breathing) – used in aerial or pedestal applications

• Craft Separation/Security – separate lockable splice & terminal areas– Separate enclosure for splicing and separate enclosure for terminations– One enclosure, splicing and termination functionality located in different areas in the same compartment– One enclosure, separate compartment for splicing and terminations

• Number of Drop Terminations– 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 ports– Type of Connectors: SC/UPC, SC/APC, LC

• Type of Drop Cable Termination– External

• Hardened Factory-terminated Connectivity Interface– Internal

• Non-hardened Factory-terminated Connectivity Interface• Mechanical or Fusion Spliced Pigtail • Mechanical or Fusion Direct Spliced • Field Connectorization

3M Communication Markets Division Items to Consider Regarding Outside Plant Terminals Applications


• Type of Drop Cable– Application

• Aerial, Direct Buried, Underground in Conduit– # of fibers: 1 or 2– Armored vs Dielectric; Tonable vs Non-Tonable– Corning, Sumitomo, OFS, Draka, Superior, General, CommScope, Pirelli

• Type of Drop Cable Termination at the Terminal– Internal Drop Cable Termination– External Drop Cable Termination

• Location of the ONT/ONU– Inside the Premises or Outside the Premises

• Type of Drop Termination at the ONT/ONU

3M Communication Markets Division Outside Plant FTTP Drop Termination – Key Considerations

Corning Corning Corning


• Internal Drop Cable Termination– Can be defined as a drop termination method that requires that the technician to enter into the

terminal or terminal closure to terminate or connect the drop cable

– Most Common types are:• Pigtail Spliced

– Mechanical or Fusion

• Direct Spliced– Fusion or Mechanical

• Field Connectorized• Factory-Terminated

– A combination of the methods listed may be used• Factory-Terminated at Terminal and Pigtail Spliced at ONT• Direct Spliced at Terminal and Factory-Terminated at ONT

• External Drop Cable Termination– Can be defined as a drop termination method that does not require the technician to enter the

terminal to terminate or connect the drop cable.

– Most common type is the Hardened Fiber Optic Connecter (HFOC)• Corning OptiTap, ADC/FONS RC Adapter, AFOP Scout, Tyco FT

3M Communication Markets Division Outside Plant FTTP Drop Termination Options at the Terminal


3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced

F F

Terminal ONT

Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal

Drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT

1

• Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal and drop fusion spliced to drop fiber at ONT

– No test access point at terminal– Total Insertion loss

• = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss• = (2 x 0.01dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.52dB

– Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate– High equipment costs & related maintenance costs– Ability to test splice– Time to install the drop is the higher than mechanical spliced & factory-terminated

drop options due to setup time and time to fusion splice at the terminal and ONT• Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice on the strand• Buried/Underground – time to setup splicing equipment and bring the terminal to the

splice work area.

– Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site



F

Terminal ONT


Factory-terminated drop

2

• Factory-terminated drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal– No test access point at terminal– Total Insertion loss


– Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate– High equipment costs & related maintenance costs– Ability to test splice– Fusion splicing at the terminal requires more setup time compared to all other

mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop termination methods and fusion splicing at the ONT.

• Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice on the strand• Buried/Underground – time to setup the splicing equipment and bring the terminal to

the splice work area.

– Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site




3


F F

Terminal ONT

• Factory-terminated drop fiber fusion spliced to the drop fiber at the ONT– Test access point at terminal

– Total Insertion loss • = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss• = (1 x 0.01dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.01dB

– Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate

– High equipment costs & related maintenance costs

– Ability to test splice

– Fusion splicing at the ONT requires less setup time compared to fusion splicing at the terminal. Requires more setup time and time to install than all other mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop termination methods.

• Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice at the ONT• Buried/Underground – time to setup the splicing equipment and splice at the ONT




F F F

Terminal ONT

Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to

pigtail


4

• Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the terminal & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail at ONT

– Test access point at terminal– Total Insertion loss


– Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate– High equipment costs & related maintenance costs– Ability to test splice– Time to install the drop is the highest of all drop options due to the setup time

and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT– Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables

to be taken into inventory or to the job site


3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced

• Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal and drop mechanical spliced to drop fiber at ONT

– No test access point at terminal– Total Insertion loss


– Relatively low skill level required– Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs– No ability to test splice– Time to install the drop is the higher than factory-terminated drop options due to

the setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT• Aerial – time to setup and splice on the strand• Buried/Underground – time to setup and bring the terminal to the splice work area.


M M

Terminal ONT

Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal

Drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT

1


3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced

• Factory-terminated drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal

– No test access point at terminal – Total Insertion loss


– Relatively low Craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate– Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs– No ability to test splice– Mechanical splicing at the terminal requires more time than installing a factory-

terminated drop.• Aerial – time to setup and splice on the strand• Buried/Underground – time to setup and bring the terminal to the splice work area.


M

Terminal ONT


Factory-Terminated Drop

2


3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical

Spliced

• Factory-terminated drop fiber mechanical spliced to the drop fiber at the ONT– Test access point at terminal– Total Insertion loss


– Relatively low craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate– Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs– No ability to test splice– Mechanical splicing at the ONT requires less time than splicing the drop at the

terminal and more time than installing a factory-terminated drop.• Aerial – time to setup and splice at the ONT• Buried/Underground – time to setup at the ONT




M M

Terminal ONT

3


3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical

Spliced

• Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail & drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the terminal & drop fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail at ONT

– Test access point at terminal– Total Insertion loss


– Low craft skill level & labor rate required– Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs– No ability to test splice– Time to install the drop is the highest of all mechanical drop options due to the

setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT. However, this options requires less installation time as compared to the fusion splicing option.


M M M

Terminal ONT

Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail and drop fiber mechanical

spliced to pigtail


4


3M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory Terminated

Hardened Fiber Optic Connector (HFOC)

F

Terminal ONT

Free-Breathing, Strand Mount Terminal Closure – 3M SLiC 530 Drop Slack Storage Box

Corning

Factory Terminated Ruggedized Drop Cable/Termination

Corning HFOC


F

Terminal ONT

3M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory Terminated

Non-Hardened ECAM Drop

ECAM-FD Factory Terminated Drop

Fiber Dome Stubbed TerminalFDST 08

SLIC 530 Terminal Closure with ECAM-FD Drop


F

Terminal ONT

3M 3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT:

Factory Terminated Hardened and Non-Hardened Drop

• Factory-terminated drop terminated at the terminal and ONT– Test access point at terminal and ONT– Total Insertion loss


– Low craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate– No equipment costs & related maintenance costs– Slack storage box and time to coil the extra slack required at the ONT and

Terminal– Factory-terminated drops require the least amount of time to install versus all

other drop termination methods. – Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on each end must be kept in

inventory and taken to the service installation site– Higher cable costs than any other option, due to the need to storage access

slack.


3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for Internal ONT: Fusion Spliced

F

NID

F

F F

Terminal NID


1


Factory-terminated drop connected to pigtail spliced 3MM cable or I/O cable

2


3 F

Terminal

F F

Terminal

Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail

4

F

ONT

Factory-terminated I/O or 3mm jacketed fiber cable

F

Terminal NID

F

Factory-terminated I/0 or 3mm jacketed fiber cable

ONT

F

NID

F

Drop fiber and indoor cable fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT


ONT

I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized

solution


ONT



3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for Internal ONT: Mechanical Spliced

M

NID

M

M M

Terminal NID


1


Factory-terminated drop connected to pigtail spliced 3MM cable or I/O cable

2


3 M

Terminal

M M

Terminal

Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail & drop fiber mechanical spliced to

pigtail

4

M

ONT

M

Terminal NID

M


ONT

M

NID

M

Drop fiber and indoor cable mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT

ONT


solution

ONT


solution




solution


3M Communication Markets DivisionKey Decision Points for FTTP Implementation:

Key Areas of Training• Handling of fiber plant

– Minimum Bend Radius• fiber, cable, buffer tubes

• Connectors– Cleanliness

• Safety– Laser– Small pieces of glass (fiber)


3M Communication Markets DivisionFTTP Deployment: Understanding Bend Radius

• also known as the minimum bend radius • defined as the radius smallest or minimum radius a fiber strand, buffer

tube, or fiber optic cable can be bent. • varies among manufacturers, with each manufacturer typically specifying

the minimum bend radius to be used during the installation process and the life of the cable (long term).

• exceeding the minimum bend radius may cause attenuation (macrobends) and fiber breakage

• Macrobend losses can occur in splice organizer trays, closures, distribution units, and cable plant.

• current US required bend radius for 250um and 900um fiber is 1.5” (38mm)


• Type of FTTP Network Architecture– FTTP Networks– P2P vs PON

• FTTP Deployment Scenarios– Greenfield vs Overlay

• FTTP Outside Plant Construction– Aerial vs Buried/Underground

• PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed• OSP Network Design• Distribution Cable: Ribbon vs LBT• Connectors• Terminals• Drop Termination Method• Training

3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Summary


Thank You for Your Time!

3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Summary

3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline

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