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1G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

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Poor voice quality Poor battery life Large phone size No security Frequent call drops Limited capacity and poor handoff

reliability.

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2G phones using global system for mobilecommunications (GSM) were first used in theearly 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides voice and

limited data services and uses digital modulationfor improved audio quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA

were some of the 2G systems.

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o Phone calls/ Faxo Voice mailo Send/Receive e-mail messageso web browsingo camera phoneso speed: 64-144 kb/seco Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min

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To meet the growing demand in network

capacity, rates required for high speed datatransfer and multimedia applications , 3Gstandards started evolving.

It is based on the InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) family of

standards.3G technologies enable network operators tooffer users a wider range of more advancedservices.

Services include wide-area wireless voicetelephony, video-calls and broadband wirelessdata , all in a mobile environment.

The data are sent through the technology calledPacket switching.Voice calls are interpretedthrough circuit switching.

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3G technology has taken the gaming to the next level.

Real-time multiplayer gaming is possible in 3G system.

Innovative new services are being added by developerdaily.

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Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere

One of the terms used to describe 4G is:

Mobile Multimedia

Anytime Anywhere

Global mobility SupportIntegrated wireless solution andCustomized personal service.

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Faster and more reliable 100 MbpsLower cost than previous generations.Multi-standard wireless system

- Bluetooth , WifiCoverage of wide area.Wide Variety of services capability.Ad Hoc networkingIPv6 corePotentially IEEE standards 802.11Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple access)and MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA

spread spectrum radio technology.

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For the customer

Video streaming , TV broadcast

Video calls , video clips- news , music , sportsEnhanced gaming , chat , location services

For Business

High speed Tele-working / VPN accessSales force automation

Video conferencingReal-time financial information

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Specifications 3G 4GFrequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz

Band width 5-20 MHz 5-20 MHz

Data rate upto 2 Mbps 20 Mbps or more

Access wideband CDMA Multi-carrier-CDMA orOFDM(TDMA)

FEC Turbo codes concatenated codes

Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet

Top speeds 200kmph 200kmph

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ADVANTAGES OF 4G

High usability: anytime, anywhere and with anytechnology.Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.

Higher bandwidth , tight network security.DISADVANTAGES OF 4G

The equipment required to implement a next generation

network is still very expensive.Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make surethat expenses are kept realistic.

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CDMA (1XEV-DO)Korea: SKT, KTF

Japan:AV(KDDI)

WCDMA / UMTSJapan: NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone KK

Australia:3HutchinsonHongkong:3Hutchinson

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