3G Comparison

A Comparative Study of UMTS (WCDMA) and cdma2000 NetworksNeerav Dalal Award Solutions, Inc. www.awardsolutions.com IEEE METROCON-2001Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Outlinel Current

scene of Cellular Wireless l 3G Technology Landscape l Comparative Study Network Architecture Air Interface Network Interfaces End-to-End Service Flow

l Beyond

3G l SummaryAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Evolution of Wireless Technologies1st Generation (1G) Analog-based cellular technology Services Voice Introduction of digital technologies Services Voice Low-rate data Next generation digital systems Services Voice High speed data servicesAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

2nd Generation (2G)

3rd Generation (3G)

2G TechnologiesAMPSOperating Spectrum Frequency Channel Width Users Per Channel Channel Separation Network Architecture 800 MHz

D-AMPS800 & 1900 MHz

GSM

CDMA

900 & 1800 MHz (Europe) 800 & 1900 800 & 1900 MHz (US) MHz

30 kHz 1 Frequency IS-41

30 kHz 3 Frequency and Time IS-41

200 kHz 8 Frequency and Time GSM-MAP

1.25 MHz About 20 Frequency and Code IS-41

Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

GSM Network ArchitecturePSTN MSC/VLRHLR

SS7 MSC

GSM PLMN BSS BTS

A InterfaceBSC


IS-95-Based 2G NetworkCDMA (IS-95) Proprietary IS-634 (IOS)VLR

BSC MSC BSC IWFPSTN IS-41 SS7HLR

AC

InternetAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

2G LimitationsCapacity

Uni-service network

Limited roaming capabilities

Bandwidth 14.4-64 Kbps

Limited support for packet dataAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

No multimedia

3G Requirementsl Radio

Network requirements

Support up to 2 Mbps data rates Support flexible operating environments High spectral efficiency/capacity Support multimedia services

l Core

Network requirements

Packet Data Network and IP Mobility Global Roaming Virtual Home Environment Quality of Service Interoperability with 2G NetworksAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

3G Network ArchitectureInternet PSTN

PS-CN RAN

CS-CN

UIM


IP Mobilityl l l

Ability to move with an IP address while the connection using the IP address is active IP Mobility may be provided by a combination of RAN mobility and CN mobility Radio Access Network IP mobility Handoff/handover Cell selection/reselection

l

Core Network IP mobility Mobile IP, GPRS


Always ConnectedLogical Connections remain intact

RAN

Application Logical Connection CN Logical Connection RAN Physical Connection Physical Connection comes and goes

Wireless Core Network

Servicese-mail

IPCC TV


Circuit Core Network

Services NetworkIS-41/MAP PSTNIntelligent Network

MSC

Gateway Call Server IP Telephony Services Customer Relationship Management PDSN

Location Based Services

CS

IP NetworkM Commerce Push Services

BTS

BSC RAN

PS

Packet Core Network

Billing

Services NetworkAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Enterprise Services

3G Technology Landscape1G 2G GSMAMPS

IS-136 D-AMPS

IS-95A / B

2.5G

GPRS/EDGE

Voice: IS-136 Data: EDGE

Voice: GSM Data: GPRS

IS-2000 (1x) IS-2000 (3x)

3G

UMTS

?

UMTS

FDMA

TDMAAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

CDMA

GSM GPRSSummary of ChangesNew Modification No Changes Packet Core Network Nodes (SGSN, GGSN) New Interface Gb (BSC SGSN) BSC Hardware and Software Circuit Core Network (MSC/HLR/AuC) Air Interface (MS, BTS) A-Interface (BSC-MSC)


2.5G GSM/GPRS NetworksBSS BTS BSC

A Interface

Gb InterfaceSGSN SGSN GPRS PLMN GGSN

IP

MSC/VLRHLR

SS7 MSC

Intra PLMN IP Back bone

GGSN

GSM PLMN


GSM/GPRS UMTSSummary of ChangesNew WCDMA Air Interface (UENode B) RAN Interfaces Iub (Node B RNC), Iur (RNC RNC) CN Interface Iu (MSCRNC & SGSNRNC) MSC and SGSN for Iu Interface Circuit Core Network (HLR/AuC) Packet Core Network (GGSN)

Modification No Changes


UMTS NetworksGSM

Node B W-CDMA

UTRANRNC

Iu

3G MSC/VLR

G-MSC

UE

Node B Iub Iur Node B Iub RNC

PSTN / ISDN

3G SGSN

GGSN

GPRSAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Inter net

IS-95 cdma2000Summary of ChangesNew Modification No Changes Packet Core Network (PDSN, AAA, HA/FA) New Interface (R-P) BS - PDSN Air Interface (MS BS) Network Interface (BS MSC) Core Network Nodes (HLR, AC)


cdma2000 Network ArchitectureCircuit Switched-CNMSC/VLR IS-41 HLR AC

RANBSC

Packet Switched-CN

AAA Server

PDSN/ FA

Private IP Network

HA

MS BTS Internet


W-CDMA Protocol StackUpper Layers Signaling Data User Data

Manages Radio Resources Increases reliability Controls user access to the medium

L3

Radio Resource Control (RRC) Radio Link Control (RLC)

UTRAN

Link L2 Layer Media Access Control (MAC) Physical L1 Layer

Physical Layer

Transports data over-the-airAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

cdma2000 Protocol StackSignaling SignalingUpper LayersLayer 3 IS-2000.5 Packet Data Service

Traffic

Voice Services

Circuit Data Service

Link Access Control (LAC) IS-2000.4

Link LayerMedium Access Control (MAC) IS-2000.3

Physical Layer

Physical Layer IS-2000.2


CDMA Physical Layer FunctionsDigital Coding Techniques Channelization Code

DownlinkUser Data

BS

Protect Data

Channel Separation

Source ID Separation

UplinkDigital Coding Techniques

Channelization Code

MS


Bandwidth and spreadingBandwidth Spreading Channelization codes4-128 bits (1x) 4-256 bits (3x) 4-256 bits

cdma2000 1.25 MHz (1x) 1.2288 Mcps UMTS5 MHz 3.84 Mcps

3.75 MHz (3x) 3 * 1.2288 or 3.6864 Mcps


Air Interface ParametersUMTSSpreading rate Bandwidth Synchronization between cell sites Configuration 3.84 Mcps 5 MHz Asynchronous Direct spread configuration Convolutional Turbo (Parameters flexible)Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

(1)

cdma20001.2288 Mcps 1.25 MHz Synchronous Direct spread (1x) Multi-carrier (3x forward link) Convolutional Turbo (Parameters fixed in the standard)

Channel coding

Air Interface ParametersUMTSModulation QPSK in both directions 10 msec for physical layer 10,20,40 and 80 msec for transport layer FDD and TDD Mode Time Switched Transmit Diversity Space Time Block Coded Transmit Diversity

(2)

cdma2000QPSK in forward BPSK in reverse 5 (for signaling), 20, 40 and 80 msec physical layer frames Only FDD Mode Orthogonal Transmit Diversity Space Time Spreading

Frame size Modes Transmit Diversity schemes


Channelization & Source Identification CodesUMTSChannelization codes Source identification code for Sector Source identification for mobiles Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes from 4-256 bits 512 unique scrambling codes each identifying a sector (38,400 bits) Unique scrambling codes assigned by sector

cdma2000Walsh codes (same as OVSF) codes from 4-128 bits One PN code (32,768 bits) 512 unique offsets are generated using PN offsets One long PN code (242 bits). Unique offsets are generated based on ESN. Not assigned by sector


GPS

Asynchronous Cell Operations UTRA-FDDCDMA2000PNt2 PNt1 PNt0 PNt3 PNt5 PNt4 PNt6 PNt3 PNt7 S0 S3 S5S1-n - Scrambling codes l l

S2 S1 S4 S6 S3 S7

PNt0-n - Time offset scrambling code l l

Cell sites transmission and reception are synchronized through GPS timing Adjacent cell sites use different time offsets of same scrambling code for spreading

Cell sites are not synchronized Each cell site uses a different scrambling code for spreading


Power ControlUMTSOpen loop Power control for System Access Forward link Power control Reverse link Power control 1500/sec 1500/sec

cdma2000 800/sec 800/sec


UMTS Packet data Network ArchitectureR TE MT Uu UTRAN Iu SGSN Gn GGSN Ga Ga Gp GGSN SGSN Other PLMN Signaling Interface Signaling and Data Transfer InterfaceAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Gi PDN TE

Gn

CGF

Billing System

Gf EIR

UMTS protocol modelApplication E.g., IP, PPP, OSPRelay Relay

E.g., IP, PPP, OSP

PDCP

PDCP RLC MAC UMTS RF

GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

GTP-U

GTP-U

GTP-U

RLC MAC UMTS RF

UDP/IP UDP/IP AAL5 ATM L2 L1

UDP/IP L2L1

UE

Uu

UTRAN

Iu-PS

3G-SGSN

Gn

3G-GGSN

Gi


cdma2000 Packet Data Network Architecture5 HTTP/TCP/Others Services 4 MIP: RFC 2002 3 PPP: RFC 1661 2 IS-707: CDMAData Services

4 MIP: RFC 2002 HA

63GPP2:IOS (R-P) BSC

IP PDSN

1 IS-2000 AIR I/F

MS BTSAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

7 RADIUS

AAA RADIUS Server

Logical connection between UE and UTRAN 1. Establish RRC Connection

UMTS Call Flow2. Establish Iu Signaling Connection

3. Authentication

UTRAN

GGSN

SGSN

UE4. Attach Logical connection UE and SGSN

ATMAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

IP

Request dynamic IP address

UMTS Call Flow

5. Activate PDP Context 6. Establish Radio Bearer 6. Establish Iu Bearer 6. Establish PDP Context 7. Allocate IP Address

UTRAN

GGSN

SGSN

UE Radio Bearer8. PDP Response 9. UE can now send and receive IP datagrams

GTP

GTP

ATMAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

IP

cdma2000 call flowOrigination CM Service Request RAN Authentication Radio Link Setup R-P Session Setup IS-41

MSC

HLR/AC

BSC/ BTS

Service Connect and Synchronization Radio Channel

MS

PDSNIP Network

R-P Session Link

HA

Point-to-Point Connection Setup

Mobile IP related connection/setup (if required)Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Status of UMTS standardsRelease 4 Optimization of UTRA Quality of Service Preparation for All-IP Release 99 Voice Services Emergency Calls Short Message Service Internet Access Release 5 Open Services Architecture All-IP Multimedia Subsystem All-IP UTRAN High Speed Downlink Packet Access Quality of Service

R 99

R4

R5

Developed by 3GPPAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Status of cdma2000 standardscdmaOne1x/3x RTT Proposal IS-95A/ IS-95B

cdma2000IS-2000 IS-2000A

IS-856

IS-2000B

IS-XXXX

1xEV-DO (HDR)

1xEV-DV

Developed by 3GPP2Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

2000

Proposed Auction Satellite

1800

Spectrum allocation

Terrestrial paired band

Europe and AsiaSatellite Terrestrial unpaired band

North America

2110 1885 1900 1920Terrestrial paired band

1600

2170 1980 2010Terrestrial unpaired bandAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

PCS (2G)

1400

Planned Auction (10-20 MHz)

600

800

Cellular (2G)

1000

1200

2025

2200 MHz

3G DeploymentNew Operator, New SpectrumOperator A Operator B

2G Operator, New Spectrum2G

2G3G 3G

2G3G 3G

3G

Core Network 3G

Core Network 2GAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Core Network 3G 2G Operator 3G Operator

3G Deployment2G Operator, Existing SpectrumGSM UMTS Clear some part of the spectrumGSM 200 kHz 200 kHz UMTS 200 kHz 200 kHz 1.25MHz IS-95 cdma2000

IS-95 cdma2000 Same Spectrum

l l

Shared Infrastructure (Core Network, Management Systems, Billing System) Dual Mode phone (2G and 3G)Award Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

Deployment StatusUMTSJapan Korea Europe Oct-2001 2003 GPRS Started UMTS in 2002 GPRS in trials USA UMTS Not announcedAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

cdma20002002 SKT Oct 2000 KTF Dec 2000 Not announced

2001

Major Playersl UMTS

(3GPP)

l cdma2000

(3GPP2)

Vendors l Ericsson l Nokia l Nortel l Motorola l Alcatel, Lucent, Operators l NTTDoCoMo l Vodafone,

Vendors l Qualcomm l Lucent l Nortel l Motorola l Samsung, Ericsson, Operators l Sprint PCS l Verizon, KDDI, SKT


3G and Beyond - UMTSAir InterfaceWCDMA (FDD)

NetworkMSC & SGSN/GGSN

TD-CDMA (TDD)

IP to RAN

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

All-IP Multimedia


3G and Beyond cdma2000Air Interfacecdma2000 (1x)

NetworkMSC & PDSN/AAA

cdma2000 (3x) 1x Evolution (Data Only) 1xEV-DO 1x Evolution (Data & Voice) 1xEV-DV

IP to RAN

All-IP Multimedia


Summary Air InterfaceUMTSTechnology (Bandwidth) Chip Rate Mode of Operation Peak Data Rate Interoperability WCDMA (5 MHz) 3.84 Mcps Asynchronous 2 Mbps GSM UMTS HandoverAward Solutions, Inc. Proprietary

cdma2000CDMA (1.25 MHz) 1.2288 Mcps Synchronous (GPS) 614 kbps Backward Compatible w/IS-95

Summary Core NetworkUMTSCircuit Switched Packet Switched Multimedia Global Roaming GSM-MAP MSC/HLR/AuC GPRS Based SGSN/GGSN Yes SIM Card

cdma2000IS-41 MSC/HLR/AC IETF Based PDSN/AAA/HA/FA Yes Limited (R-UIM)


3G Comparison

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