3D Printing Technologies

What is 3D printing?3D + PRINTING = 3D PRINTING

Slide No - 2

The technology used for printing physical 3d objects from digital out is called 3d printing.

“ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING”

Technologies that build 3D

objects by adding layer-upon-

layer of material, whether the

material is plastic, metal,

concrete or any composite

materials.

A person creates a 3D image of an item using a computer-aided design

(CAD) software program.

The CAD information is sent to the printer.

The printer forms the item by depositing the material in layers—starting from the

bottom layer—onto a platform

+ a visualization tool in design

+ a means to create highly customized

products for consumers and professionals

+ as industrial tooling

+ to produce small lots of production parts

Diverse Needs -

History - Timeline

Slide No - 3

1984 – 1987

Charles Hull invents

3D printing and coins

the term “Stereo

Lithography”

1992

3D systems produce

the first SLA 3D

Printer machine

1999

Scientists manage to

grow organs from

patient’s cells

2000

The first 3D inkjet

printer produced by

Object Geometries.

2002

A 3D printed miniature

kidney is manufactured.

Scientists aim to produce

full-sized, working organs.

2008

The first 3D prosthetic

leg is produced.

2011

The first 3D printed

car (Urbee by Kor

Ecologic).

Projected Growth

2012

The first 3D printed

jaw is produced in

Holland by LayerWise.

Working

Slide No - 4

No

Yes

Manufacturing a model with the 3D printer Layer by layer

Whole manufacturing process

Types of 3D printing

Slide No - 5

There are three types

of Printer.

1. Stereo lithography

(SLA)

2. Selective laser

sintering (SLS)

3. Fused deposition

modeling (FDM)

Selective laser sintering (SLS)

Stereo lithography (SL)Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

1. Stereo lithography

Slide No - 6

• Stereo lithography was the first type of 3D Printing created.

• This type of 3D Printing consists of a vertically movable vat and a

horizontally movable UV light.

• Instead of ink, the vat is filled with a type of resin (photopolymer) that

becomes hard when exposed to UV light.

• Because photopolymers are photosensitive under UV light, the resin is

solidified and forms a single layer of the desired 3D object.

• This process is repeated for each layer of the design until the 3D object is

complete.

Advantages - is its speed; functional parts

can be manufactured within a day.

Disadvantages - it is often costly; common

photopolymers can cost about $800 per

gallon and SLA machines can cost

$250,000.

2. Selective laser sintering (SLS)

Slide No - 7

• In powder-bed SLS, a layer of powdered material is carefully

laid down by a leveler or roller on the build tray.

• Layer thickness varies based on laser strength, material, or

tolerance desired.

• Is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high

power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse

small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser

sintering), ceramic or glass powders into a mass that

has a desired 3-dimensional shape).

SLA liquid photopolymers cost $80 to $100 or more per

liter. SLS powders costs between $300 and $600 per

kilogram, and can be difficult to even purchase.

3. Fused deposition modelling (FDM)

Slide No - 8

Fused Deposition Modeling is process that uses a continuous

filament of a thermoplastic material.

In this type of 3D Printing, instead of a vat, there is a flat surface

to build the 3D Model on,

Instead of a UV light, there is an extruder, a nozzle that melts a

string of plastic that comes in one end and forces a small stream

of plastic out the other end.

3D Printing

Medical

Food

Games & Entertain

ment

Productdesign

Defense & Space

Fashion & Retail

Applications

Slide No - 9

1. Design Prototypes:o 3-Dimensional Printing concept model, functional

prototypes and presentation models for

evaluating and refining design, and packaging.

2. Education:o Engage students by bringing digital concepts into

the real world, turning their ideas into real-life 3D

color models that they can actually hold in their

hands.

3. Healthcare:o Rapidly produce 3D models to reduce operating time,

enhance patient and, and improve patient outcomes.

4. Architecture:o Rapidly produce 3D models, concept models,

produces smooth, detailed architectural models in an

array of materials, including rigid photopolymers.

Case Study 1Canal house Amsterdam – by DUS architects

Slide No - 10

DUS ARCHITECTS, a Dutch company is making a

3d printed, 13-room canal house made from

separate but interlocking components.

The rooms will be structural entities on their own

and will be placed on top of each other to make a

house.

The Canal House is printed with the Kamer Maker,

a large portable 3D printer that can print entire

interiors and measures 2 x 2 x 3,5 meter.

The primary material being used is bio plastic.

The bio plastic is created from rapeseeds, and can

be ground down and reused as necessary.

WinSun- have built a 3D printed

villa, measuring 1,100sq.m.

Applications in Architecture

Slide No - 11

Architects Michael Hansmeyer and Benjamin Dillenburger printed

these columns.

Architectural models

Benches, furniture

SculpturesLamps for lighting

Other Applications

Slide No - 12

In food preparation, to apply items in liquid or paste form such as cheese, icing, and chocolate.

Medical industry - Physicians can use 3D

printing to make hearing aids, artificial teeth,

and bone grafts. 3D printed Jaw

This 3D-printed cast to help repair broken bones

may be the future of medical orthopedic casts. 3D-

printed casts also bring out the positive potential of

this emerging technology.

Other Applications

Slide No - 13

Richard Van As, a South African carpenter, assembles a

Robohand and fits it to Liam Dippenaar. Liam was born

without fingers on his right hand. Makerbot provided them

with the 3D printing technology that they used to print the

parts for the Robot hand.

Microsoft will provide support

for 3D printers in the next

update of its Windows 8

operating system. The firm

has struck deals with a

number of major 3D printer

makers including Makerbot,

3D Systems, Formlabs,

Dassault and Stratasys.

WikiHouse is an open source

construction set by a small, but

growing, community of people

all around the world. There is

no fixed design “team” or

“studio,” but a steadily growing

community of designers.

Automotive and aviation

industries

Urbee the first prototype

car 2011 was presented.

This is the first car ever to

have its body printed out

on a 3D printer.

.

Cost of 3D printers

Slide No - 14

Rep Rap

Model:RepRap

Pro Huxley

Price:$599

Eventorbot

Model: Delta

Micro Up Afinia H-Series

Price: $1,500

Printrbot

Model:Printrbot

GO

Price:$1,500

Makerbot

Model:Replicat

or 2x

Price:$2,800

The Future is

3D

Model:Glacier Steel

Price:3000

3D Systems

Model: CubeX

Price: $3000

Formlabs

Model:Form 1

Price:$3,300

Stratasys

Model:U print

SE Plus

Price:$15,000

Low End - Price : Rs 6,00,000 High End - Price : 5 croresMid range - Price : 1 crores

TYPE RANGE

SLA $ 500- $ 3000

SLS $ 1000- $ 4000

FDM $ 300- $ 5000

21.20%

15%

13.80%

10.80%

5.20%

3%

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00%

Automotive

Medical

Industrial

Aerospace

Architecture

Education

Contribution of 3D printing

Slide No - 15

The contribution of 3D printing in the various industries in the year

2013 are as follows:

The major INDIAN companies in India that are

aspirants in this new field of 3D printing are:

• ALTEM

Technologies

• Imaginarium

• Brahma 3

• think3D

• JGroup Robotics

Usage of 3D printing in India

3Doodler pen

Slide No - 16

• The 3Doodler is a 3D pen developed by Peter Dilworth, Maxwell

Bogue and Daniel Cowen of WobbleWorks.

• The 3Doodler works by extruding heated plastic that cools

almost instantly into a solid, stable structure, allowing for the

free-hand creation of three-dimensional objects.

• It utilizes plastic thread made of either acrylonitrile butadiene

styrene ("ABS"), polylactic acid("PLA"), or “FLEXY”, thermal

polyurethane (“TPU”) that is melted and then cooled through a

patented process while moving through the pen, which can then

be used to make 3D objects by hand.

• The 3Doodler has been described as a glue gun for 3D printing

because of how the plastic is extruded from the tip, with one foot

of the plastic thread equaling "about 11 feet of extruded

material".

In January 2015, an improved version of the 3Doodler was

introduced

Disadvantages

Slide No - 17

• RAPID PROTOTYPING: 3D printing gives designers

the ability to quickly turn concepts into 3D models

or prototypes (a.k.a., rapid prototyping).

• Clean process. Wastage of material is negligible.

• Complex shape can be produced .

• EASY TO USE No skilled person needed.

• REDUCE DESIGN COMPLEXITY

• CHEAP Cheaper process than any other process.

• People in remote locations can fabricate objects

that would otherwise be inaccessible to them.

• Process is slow

• Components do not have enough strength.

• COST OF RAW MATERIALS

• 3-D printers are still expensive.

• Misuse of technology

• Although 3-D printers have the potential of creating many

jobs and opportunities, they might also put certain jobs

at risk .

• Material limitation.

Advantages

Conclusion

Slide No - 18

• With today's 3D printers, if you print anything you

want and use. With tomorrow's, if you lose your

remote, you'll be able to print a new remote.

• 3D printers are always getting cheaper and

better.

• There is currently research going on to create 3D

printers that could print out organs for people in

need of a transplant.

• Within a decade, 3D printers will become

commonplace in houses.

The benefits of such technology are

endless.

• 3D printing is an expanding technology which may soon

start an industry in which everyone has the possibility of

being a manufacturer.

• 3D printing has a lot of possible benefits to society,

although the products created must be regulated.

• 3D printing has only been used on small scale projects in

the construction industry and there are a lot of

challenges that need to be dealt with prior to considering

adopting it as one of the main construction technologies.

Nothing communicates ideas faster than a three-

dimensional part or model. With a 3D printer you can bring

CAD files and design ideas to life – right from your desktop.

Test form, fit and function – and as many design variations

as you like – with functional parts.

Future

Slide No - 19

References

• http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23781-windows-aims-to-open-up-3d-printing-to-the-masses.html.

• http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23785-printed-drones-to-hunt-down-drugrunning-boats.html.

• http://www.psfk.com/2013/07/3d-printed-fashion-show.html.

• http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies

• http://www.wikihouse.cc/

• http://on3dprinting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/20120806-Infographic-How-3D-Printing-Works-Preview.jpg

• http://lunarscience.nasa.gov/articles/building-a-lunar-base-with-3d-printing/

• http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130706-3d-printable-drone-it-yourself-kit-turns-any-object-into-an-uav.html

• http://creativemachines.cornell.edu/ornithopter

• http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130702-3d-printed-drones-to-monitor-illegal-operations-at-sea.html

• http://betabeat.com/2013/05/first-fully-3d-printed-gun-created/

Slide No - 20

THANK YOU !