3D Visual art Humanities. Sculpture or 3D art Art that takes up actual 3 dimensional space...
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Transcript of 3D Visual art Humanities. Sculpture or 3D art Art that takes up actual 3 dimensional space...
3D Visual art
Humanities
Sculpture or 3D art
Art that takes up actual 3 dimensional space–height–width–depth
Dimensionality
Full-Round– Intended to be viewed
from any angle– Complete figure from any
angle– Free-standing
Dimensionality
Relief– Attached to a background– Can be viewed only from front– Still has a 2D quality
Dimensionality
Linear– Made up of linear
materialsWireNeon tubingMetal pipe
Methods - HOW?
Subtraction– “Carving”– Starting with a large piece of material,
and then cutting away the unwanted material
– Must start with a flawless piece of material
– Rock, wood
Methods
Addition– “Built sculpture”– Starting with a small bit of material and
then adding elements– Often involves mixing materials
Methods
Substitution– “Casting”– A mold is made and then some type of
material that will turn from liquid to solid is added. After it hardens, the mold is taken away.
– Metal, plastic, resin, fiberglass– Usually hollow to save money, less
cracking
Methods
Manipulation– “Molding”– Artist starts with the correct amount of
material, and then reshapes it to it’s final form
– Clay (pottery)
Methods
Found– Taking natural objects and putting
them together to form a sculpture– Many times combined with one of the
other methods
– Can a naturally created object be a sculpture?
Methods
Ephemeral– A sculpture designed to exist only for a
short time.– Many times , the creation of the art is
as important as the final product
Running Fence – Christo
Composition - Elements
Mass– Unlike 2D art, 3D sculpture has real
mass (takes up space)– The density (weight of the material)
also effects the appearanceA square foot wood weights less
than a square foot of metal, etc.
Composition – Elements
Line and form– Operate exactly as in 2D art.– Cannot be separated
Individual lines are selected and then arranged into forms, telling the viewer “what” they are looking at.
Composition – Elements
Focal Point– Operates exactly as in 2D art.– Where does the artist want us to look?– Open form
Parts of the work exist outside the workOur eyes drift away from the work
– Closed formIs contained completely in the workOur eyes are directed back into the work
Composition – Elements
Color– Operates exactly as in 2D art.– Different materials have different colors– The material may be chosen solely for
it’s color– Some sculptures are painted
Greek sculpture
Composition – Elements
Texture– Operates exactly as in 2D art– Much more use of actual texture in
sculpture– Most sculpture was created to be
touched– A mark of a master sculptor is the
finished texture of the work
Composition – Elements
Negative space– Holes or openings in the sculpture– Amount, size, and placement control
how important they are in a work
Composition - Negative space
Composition – Principles
Proportion– The relationship and balance of shapes
Artistic – appearance of the subjectTechnical – so the work will stand up
– Placement may effect proportionMichelangelo’s David
– Torso and arms elongated because sculpture was supposed to be on the roof of a building
Composition – Principles
Rhythm Harmony Variation Repetition Juxtaposition
– Operate as they did in 2D art– May be more subtle or hidden than in
2D visual art
The Discus Thrower – Byron
Variation withtriangles
Other factors
Articulation– How one form moves to and connects
with another– Very important in sculpture because
the artist must control a 3D space– (see next)
Other factors
Emphasis (Focal area)– Important for all visual artists, but even
more difficult for a sculptor as the viewer can move all around the work.
– How the artist gets us to move around the work, but to return to the focal point.
How does it stimulate our senses?
– TouchTexture
–Most sculpture is meant to be touched
• Rough or smooth?• Cold or warm?
How does it stimulate our senses?
– TemperatureApparent warmth or coolness based
on color of material or paint
– AgeOld or new based on condition of
the surface and weathering or aging–Can be “created” by the artist
How does it stimulate our senses?
– DynamicsApparent movement of the workVisual clues as to direction and
speedCan be altered by the movement of
the viewer around the sculpture–The Discus Thrower-
• moving or still?
How does it stimulate our senses?
– SizeHas an important effect on or
reactionExaggerated size may lend more
importance to the subject
Michelangelo’s David is 18 feet tall. Would this effect our reaction?
How does it stimulate our senses?
– LightingEffects;
– Color– Highlights– Shadows– Appearance of mass and 3D
Is usually out of the artist's controlOutside lighting is constantly changing
How does it stimulate our senses?
– EnvironmentWhere is the work exhibited
– Inside or Outside?Do we see the entire work clearly, all at
one time? (as in most museums)
Do we have to move around the work to get a clear or complete picture? (possibly outside)