3D MODELING

Participants:

Podean-Grecu Ronela-Ioana, Rujan Mihaela, Radinger Frantisek , Rokkou Maria, Angeliki

Gerochristou, Halmay Tibor

Abstract: Gathering in Thasos of Greece, through the instrumentality of the Excellence in

Photogrammetry for Open Cultural Landscape & Heritage Education we had the opportunity to do

collective work intending to construct a 3dmodel of 3D modeling (also known as meshing) is the

process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of object via

specialized software. This EPOCHE ERASMUS program gives students coming from 5 different

universities situated in four different countries : Hungary (UWH GEO), Greece (TEI Kavala),

Romania (“1Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia and “Politehnica” University of Timisoara)

and Slovakia (Slovak University of Technology) to do a collaborative work. Through this EPOCHE

Summer School program 2013 it has been taught to us how to use the Photomodeler scanner ,the

vecad and the calib software in order to practice and manage to create the 3d model of a

monument, of a statue of a pillar and the front view of a hotel. The importance of these lessons is

the sustainability and the maintenance of historical elements such as: buildings, columns, statues,

sculptures e.t.c. and the practical applications in 3d modeling, part of cultural heritage, thus

contributing to historic conservation.

Keywords: 3dmodeling, collaborative work, softwares, historical conservations.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3D MODELING .................................................................................................................................. 1

CHAPTER 0 – INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER I – MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................ 4

1.1 VeCAD Software ....................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 PhotoModeler Scanner software ................................................................................................ 7

1.3 Camera Calibration..................................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Agisoft PhotoScan software ..................................................................................................... 24

CHAPTER II_MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................... 32

2.1 THE TECHNOLOGY USED DURING THE PROJECT ....................................................... 32

A) Nikon D3000 ............................................................................................................................. 32

B) Total station ............................................................................................................................... 32

2.2 TARGETS ................................................................................................................................ 33

CHAPTER III _ CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 33

3.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................ 33

3.2 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 34

3.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 34

CHAPTER 0 – INTRODUCTION

Image 1: Geographical location of area under study

Geography of Thassos

Thassos is the northen islasnd of the Agean Sea, located very close to the Eastern

Macedonia costline. It is situated in the gulf of Kavala and it’s the closest to the continental Greece

(8 km.) Thassos is not far from Keramoti and the eastery of the Nestos River. It covers an area of

380 sq.km.

At its widest part, the island is 22 km. from east to west and 26 km. long from north to

south. It has a circumference of about 100 km., being smaller than Rhodes and larger than

Samothrace. Thassos is a mountain island. The highest point on the island is Ipsarion, at about 1

130 m above sea level. After Ipsario it’s Profitis Ilias peak (1 108 m).

Image 2: Location of the Museum and of the Hotel.

History of Thassos

Thassos is believed to have been named after Thassos, the son or grandson of Aginoras, the

king of Phoenicia. Thassos went to the island in search or Europe and he established himself there

as its first king. Other ancient sources claim other names for the island, such as “Hieria”, by her

chill summer breeze, “Athria”, by her clear sky, “Coast of Goddess Demetra”, by her fertile ground

or “Dasos”, meaning forest in Greek, from the many forest on the island.

When the Phoenicians in the Neolitic Era, inhabited for the first time in this unique place,

may not have imagined that they would be charmed by its beauty and would keep them there

forever. Later, the Thracians, discovered over the landscape of Thassos not only the magic, but the

wealth as well; the mines with their abundant deposits, gave them power, but also became subject to

claim by te Ionians of Paros. As a result, the island was occupied in the 7 th century, which marked

a new era for Thassians, who founded colonies with continuous economic and cultural progress.

The Archaic period in Greece, found Thassos powerful, with highly developed trade! During

the Medic wars the island was conquered by the Persians, while during the Peloponnesian war,

Athenians and Spartans had the island within their aspirations. However, those who gave impetus to

Thassos were the Romans! The mines may have been used up, but nature endowed the place with

two other elements of enrichment; marbles and wine. The Byzantine era, does not seem to have

favored Thassos; after the first fall of Constantinople, in 1204, the Doge of Venice Henry Dandolo

conquered the “emerland” of the Aegean.

Later, Thassos incorporated into then state of Thessaloniki, and after the recapture of

Constantinople by Michael Palaeologus, became once again a part of Byzantine, where it remained

until 1455, however under the hegemony of Francis Genovese Getalouzos, that was grated to him as

a gift. From 1455 and up to 1770, Turkish conquerors put their stamp on Thassos, while in 1770,

was the turn of Russians to occupy the island. The Turkish Egyptian Mehmet Ali, had Thassos

under his possession from 1813, while in 1821, in the Greek revolution, Thassians also participated,

but without great success.

CHAPTER I – MATERIALS AND METHODS

1.1 VeCAD Software

Using VeCAD software there can be performed basic photogrammetric processes, such as:

rectification of close range photogrammetric images or create mosaic images. There can be created

terestrial and aerial ortomosaics. In case of the terrestrial ortomosaics realised for façades, there can

be drawn up the façade in AutoCAD software and the final results can be used for architectural

monuments, reconstruction, preservation etc.

1. VeCAD is a 3D vector graphics library which serves as a foundation for your own

customized drawing applications. First of all, if we want to use this program we must

take some measurements of some control points with a total station and take photos of

the building that we are going to use, for rectifying the images. The total station that we

have used is from Topcon South Nts-325r and the photos were taken with a Nikon

D3000 digital camera with 10 mega pixels. After that, we have downloaded the

measurements from the total station and processed them in excel to correct the errors and

to find the final x,y,z. We copied the final coordinates in a text file created with

Notepad.

2. The next step that we need to follow is to calibrate the images that we selected for the

rectification. Calib is the name of the program that calibrates the images. With this

program we calculate the parameters specific to our camera. When the parameters are

calculated we can start doing the rectification process.

3. Using the button to insert control points in VeCAD and the format of control points

must be id XY. We must change the text height in the window properties because it is

too big. After that, we go to the menu and use Insert-Raster Image command to insert a

bmp image of the facade.

4. With the command ‘Creates single point’ from the toolbar menu we match the points

over the imagine.

5. Then we activate the button and select the entire image to rectify and press the right

button of the mouse. When the program will ask if we want to rectify the selected image

or not we select yes. With this button we must match the points from the first

image with the control points in the second image. After we selected all the points click

the right mouse button and a window appears showing the errors of rectification. The

optimal case is when the error is the smallest.

6. We press OK in order to give the image file a name for the rectified image and to specify

the pixel size in the coordinates.We will proceed in the same way that we have explained

before and rectify all the pictures until the project is over.

1.2 PhotoModeler Scanner software

The PhotoModeler Software extracts 3D Measurements and Models from Photographs taken

with an ordinary camera.Avery cost-effective way of doing accurate 3D scanning,measurement and

surveying.

The features of the PhotoModeler:

- Professional, easy to use interface

- Wizards for easy project set-up

- Works with any number of photographs

- New photographs may be added to a project at any time

- Close-ups and wide shots may be combined in a project

- Imports images in the following formats: BMP, CAL, JPG, MAC, PCD ,PCT, PCX, PNG, PPM,

PSD, RBG, SGI, TGA, and TIF

- Use different cameras in the same project

- Automatic Camera Orientation (no control required)

- Point, Line, Curve, Edge, and Cylinder marking tools

- NURBS Surfaces (revolutions, lofts, boundary patches, cones, silhouettes) created from lines,

edges and curves.

- Extensive Zoom Tools for accurate marking.

PhotoModeler Scanner provides the tools for you to create accurate, high quality 3d models

and measurements from photographs. The process is called photo-based 3d scanning.

PhotoModeler Scanner is a 3d scanner that provides results similar to a 3d laser scanner.

The program is a sophisticated tool to build accurate Dense Surface Models and get measurements

from your photos.

Use PhotoModeler Scanner to build:

- Dense Surface Models where a large number of 3D points are needed.

- Models that traditionally would require a 3d laser scanner

- Scale-independent object modeling - model small objects or big scenes

1.3 Camera Calibration

In general, the term “calibration software” refers to applications that automate all or part of a

calibration process via computer control. Calibration software also allows the user to manage their

calibration and asset data.

Why use calibration software?Using software to automate all or part of the calibration

process offers several important advantages.

Calibrations are typically completed much more quickly, saving time and money. Software

automation ensures that the calibration can be performed exactly the same way by multiple

operators in multiple locations, and over time. This improves the quality of your results, reduces

errors and standardizes methods.

1. We have to take shoots of calibration paper, we need at least 6 photos of calibration paper

2. Start PhotoModeler Scanner software and choose camera calibration project 3. Then we import photos of calibration paper to our project

4. Then we press “Execute calibration” in Automatic Camera Calibration dialog

5. Software automatically select points on the calibration paper and calculate the calibration

parameters

6. After we can see a calibration report with calculate parameters

7. At last we add a camera to the library and save calibration project as NIKON D3000.pmr

Monument

1. We have to find object with rich geometry and texture

2. Then we have to choose camera stations

3. Taking shoots from these camera stations

4. If we have prepared all photos of monument, we can start PhotoModeler Scanner software.

5. We choose the Point-based project

6. Import all photos of monument and assign with calibrated camera NIKON D3000.

7. We have to orient at least 4 photos, but we used 5 photos.

8. For orientation we use Mark Points Mode and create point on first 2 photos.

9. Than we use Referencing mode to connect the points.

10. After reference we can start the Process.

11. When an error was good, we can start creating points, lines and curves.

12. Then we can create a surfaces. For surfaces we used the Path mode.

13. When we have created all surfaces, we have to set a materials for this surfaces and build textures.

14. Now we can define the scale. We have a measurements from field.

15. Now we have ready 3D model of monument

16. At last we can export 3D model to *.dxf, *. 3ds and *.wrl.

Pillar 1. We have to find object with rich geometry and texture

2. Than we have to choose camera stations

3. Taking shoots from these camera stations

4. If we have prepared all photos of monument, we can start PhotoModeler Scanner software.

5. We choose the Point-based project

6. Import all photos of pillar and assign with calibrated camera NIKON D3000.

7. We have to orient at least 4 photos, but we used 5 photos.

8. For orientation we use Mark Points Mode and create point on first 2 photos.

9. Than we use Referencing mode to connect the points.

10. After reference we can start the Process.

11. When an error was good, we can start creating points, lines, curves and cylinder.

12. For create cylinder we have to use Mark Cylinders Mode.

13. Than we create a curve on the bottom of pillar and we can rotate it around the axis of

pillar (cylinder). For rotation we used Revolution Mode.

14. Than we can create a surfaces. For surfaces we used the

15. When we have created all surfaces, we have to set a material for these surfaces and

build textures. For cylinder we have to create a photo set of oriented photos. Than we

make a new material from these photos and use this material for build texture on the

cylinder.

16. Now we can define the scale. We have measurements from field.

17. Now we have ready 3D model of monument

18. At last we can export 3D model to *.dxf, *. 3ds and *.wrl.

1.4 Agisoft PhotoScan software

1. Import photos of the object – we can use drag&drop method. We used 27 pictures.

2. Crop the area on each photo

3. Than we start the 1st process – Align photos

4. When process finish successfully, we have a

5. Than we can start the 2nd process – Build Geometry

6. When process finish successfully, we have a meshed point clouds

7. At last we can start 3rd process – Build textures

8. Then we can delete field around the object. We have to select points on the

ground and then press delete.

9. Now we can place the markers on the object. We used Create Marker.

10. Then we can Set Reference Distance

11. We can also measure distance

12. Now we have 3D model with real scale and texture.

13. At last we can save the model and export it to *.dxf, *. 3ds and *.wrl.

CHAPTER II_MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 THE TECHNOLOGY USED DURING THE PROJECT

A) Nikon D3000

10 MP CCD sensor (D5000: 12.3 MP CMOS)

11 AF points (with 3D tracking)

3 frames per second continuous shooting (buffer: 6 raw, unlimited JPEG)

Extensive in-camera retouching including raw development and straightening

B) Total station

Consists by an electronic distance meter (EDM)

reads slope distances from the instrument to a particular point

2.2 TARGETS

CHAPTER III _ CONCLUSIONS

Among the benefits of 3Dmodels with PhotoModeler Scanner, we mention the followings:

opportunity of real image acquisition with very realistic 3D models, that are applied in a

large variety of fields;

less time for field work, more time for data processing;

minimizes the probability of unscanned zones due to shadowing effect of roughness

elements and overhanging zones due to proximity to the target and the possibility of

scanning from different angles and overlapping the scanning results;

providing high precision and complex data;

using 3D technology, 3D models can be created;

can be combined with other well established high precision surveying techniques;

3.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was supported by the Erasmus IP project financed by the European Union. The authors

thank the Technological Institution of Kavala for their support and the guidance and generous

support in providing hardware and software licenses for training. We also wish to specifically thank

the professional staff of The Technological Institute of Kavala during our stay, Mr. Athanasios

STYLIADIS, Mr. Lazaros SECHIDIS, Dr. Tamás Jancsó, Mr. Vasilis TSIOKAS, Mr. Sorin

HERBAN, Dr. Laszlo GERGELY Dr. Beatrice VILCEANU, Dr. Alexandra POPA for their

valuable participation, contributions, instructions and help – our work would not have been feasible

without their gracious assistance. The authors also acknowledgement the dedicated efforts of the

Greek team members who have made our visit here very agreeable.

3.2 REFERENCES

[1]http://www.photomodeler.com/index.html

[2]http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/nikond3000

[3]http://www.agisoft.ru/products/photoscan/standard/

[4]http://download.cnet.com/VeCAD-DLL-OCX/3000-18496_4-47290.html

[5]http://www.qnx.com/developers/docs/6.4.1/neutrino/utilities/c/calib.html

[6]http://www.upt.ro/

[7]http://www.uab.ro/

3.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Historical photography-based Computer-Aided Architectural Design: Demolished buildings

information modeling with reverse engineering functionality

Image-based 3D Modeling Close-Range Photogrammetry: Extraction of 3D Geometry & Quality

Information

3D modelling in the terrestrial photogrammetry

3D Gis Solution applied in surveying engineering

Excellence in Photogrammetry for Open Cultural Landscape & Heritage Education Presentation

Low Cost Photogrammetry: Creating, Integrating and Visualization of 3D Models Using Google

Platform

3.4 THE AUTHORS

PODEAN-GRECU Ronela-Ioana(RO): rony_podean@yahoo.com:

was born in 1991, in Lugoj City, Coșteiu, Romania Country and she is a

student at „Politehnica” University of Timişoara, Faculty of Constructions,

Section Geodesy, Specialty Cadastre,since 2010.Interested in travelling,

reading, 3D modeling.

RUJAN Mihaela (RO) , rujan.mihaela91@gmail.com: was born in

1991, in Targu-Mures City, Mures, Romania and she is a student at “1

December 1918” University of Alba-Iulia, Faculty of Science, Speciality Land

Measurement and Cadastre, since 2010. Interested in: learning new things,

motocross, travelling.

Frantisek RADINGER (SK): radinger.f@gmail.com. He was born in

1989, in Lucenec, Slovakia. He is a student at Slovak University od

Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, since 2008. His

interest are photography, basketball, speleology.

ROKKOU Maria (GR) : rokkoumarie@hotmail.com : she was born in

1992, in Athens, Greece. She is a student at technological institute of Kavala,

department of Drama. Faculti of landscape architecture since 2010. She is

interest at dancing , drawing, horse riding, crafts, photography, travelling.

Angeliki GEROCHRISTOU(GR) anel.1991@windowslive.com was

born in 1991, Athens, Greece. She studies Landscape Architecture at

Technological Institute of Drama, department of Kavala. Interested in knowing

new cultures and make a lot of friends. Hobbies: playing violin, reading

literature, drawing and travelling.

Tibor HALMAY(HY) was born In Hungary in 14th of octoberin

1983. I am studyingat University of West Hungary Facultion of

Geoinformatics. Live in Székesfehérvár.Interested in climbing mountains,

running and traveling. It is his last year in his school, and later he wants to

go to another college in Hungary learning Economic..