Three Species Collisionless Reconnection: Effect of O + on Magnetotail Reconnection
3D magnetic reconnection: geometry and In situ measurements
description
Transcript of 3D magnetic reconnection: geometry and In situ measurements
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3D magnetic reconnection: geometry and In situ measurements
肖池阶 1 , 王晓钢 2, 濮祖荫 3,马志为 4, 汪景琇 1, 赵辉 1, 周桂萍 1 , 傅绥燕 3, M.G. Kivelson5, 刘振兴 6, 宗秋刚 7, K.H. Glassmeier8,
A.Balogh9, A. Korth10, H. Reme11, C. P. Escoubet12
1 中国科学院国家天文台 ; 2 北京大学物理学院 ; 3 北京大学地球与空间科学学院 ; 4 浙江大学物理系 ; 5 IGPP, UCLA, USA; 6中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 ; 7 Center for Atmospheric Research, U. of Massachusetts Lowell, USA 8 IGM, TU Branuschweig, German; 9 SAPG, Imperial College, UK; 10 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Lindau, German;11CESR/CNRC, France; 12 ESA/ESTEC, The Netherlands
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OutlineOutline
Introduction: 2D v.s. 3D Reconnection
3D nulls and null-null lines detection
Conclusions
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Reconnection is essential Reconnection is essential in Sun, Magnetosphere, Fusionin Sun, Magnetosphere, Fusion
太阳风
尾瓣 磁尾
磁鞘
磁层顶
等离子体片
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d
From Kivelson et al., 1995
GSM coordinates system:North
Z
YSun Earthx
magnetotail
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From Kivelson et al., 1995
GSM coordinates system:North
Z
YSun Earthx
Reconnection Regions
magnetotail
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In-Situ Observations of MRIn-Situ Observations of MR High-speed plasma flows, energization of particles and other MR signatures were observed long ago by in-situ measurements (Phan et al., 2000; Hultqvist, 2000).
Evidences of collisionless MR have been detected by Geotail and Wind spacecraft (Deng et al., 2001; Øieroset
et al., 2001 ). 4-spacecraft of Cluster mission provides unique opportunity to study MR, with the MR events in/near the diffusion region being of great interest.
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2D Collisionless Reconnection2D Collisionless Reconnection
Outside the diffusion Region
Traditional MHD theory holds
Diffusion Region: Ion inertial region (width Ion inertial region (width ddii))
– Hall current and quadrupole By
Electron inertial region Electron inertial region
(width (width ddee))
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Magnetic nullMagnetic null
the magnetic vector field:
0 B
0 B B B x
1 2 3 0
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
Lau Y. T., & Finn, J. M. 1990, ApJ, 350,6721 2 3, ,u u u
fan
spine
z
B
y
B
x
Bz
B
y
B
x
Bz
B
y
B
x
B
zzz
yyy
xxx
B
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Magnetic field lines near the nullMagnetic field lines near the null
Lau Y. T., & Finn, J. M. ApJ, 350, 672, 1990,
Pontin, D. I., Hornig G. and Priest, E. R., ESA SP-575: SOHO 15 Coronal Heating, 507, 2004
spine
fan
spine
fan
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3D Reconnection at the null:3D Reconnection at the null:
Spine reconnection
Reconnection atReconnection at the A-B null line:A-B null line:
Separator reconnection
Fan reconnection
Lau Y. T., & Finn, J. M., ApJ, 350, 672, 1990
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Lau Y. T., & Finn, J. M., ApJ, 350, 672, 1990
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Buchner J., Astrophys. and Space Sci., 264, 25-42, 1999
3D PIC simulation
Cai D.S., et al., Earth Planets Space, 53, 1011–1019, 2001
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Nulls detection in the solar atmosphereNulls detection in the solar atmosphere
Aulanier G., et al., ApJ, 540, 1126, 2000 Zhao h., et al., ChJAA, 5, 443-447, 2005
S. K. Antiochos, ApJ, 502:L181–L184, 1998Filippov, B, Sol. Phys., 185, 297, 1999
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How to detect the “Null” ?How to detect the “Null” ? A mathematical isolated singular point Hard to determine the null based on
magnetic field data in a local point. 1) right at the null, the relative
measurement error is infinite with any small error-bar of data.
2) a single point measurement can’t distinguish the isolated null from a magnetic neutral line or a neutral sheet.
The null is associated with the topological property of its neighborhood.
1. The Poincare index method2. The linear interpolation method
After J.M. Greene ( 1988, 1992 , 993), Garth, C. et al. (2004) , Zhao et al. (2005), etc.
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Calculating the index of a singularity by enclosing it with a surface small enough not to contain any other singularities.
Poincare Index— 3DPoincare Index— 3D
Greene, 1992, C. Garth, X. 2004, zhao, 2005Poincare index = ∑ solid angles / 4
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2001-09-15 event2001-09-15 event
(1) Bs null detection
(2) Bipolar structure
(3) scale of structure
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Cluster Location at Cluster Location at 05:00 UT on 01-09-1505:00 UT on 01-09-15
Z14=322km
C3C3 X = -18.7RX = -18.7REE
Y = 3.5RY = 3.5REE
Z = -2.9RZ = -2.9REE
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Overview of B-V: 2D Hall reconnectionOverview of B-V: 2D Hall reconnection
05:03:36 UT—— Cluster around the X-point
Xiao C.J., et al., GRL, 2007
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Null point detected by Cluster : Null point detected by Cluster : possible framepossible frame
05:03:36 UT—— Cluster around the X-point
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05:03:30 05:03:32 05:03:34 05:03:36 05:03:38 05:03:40
0
1
Poi
ncar
e In
dex
UT
Poincare indexPoincare index calculation calculation
05:03:00 05:03:20 05:03:40 05:04:00
0
1
Po
inca
re in
de
x
time
B D
4s FGM data
0.04s FGM data
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Find null position Find null position based on based on
“ “Linear Interpolation”
1000 500 0 -500 -1000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1000 500 0 -500 -1000-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
Null
Z (
km
)
X (km)
C1
C2 C4
C3
Null
Y (
km
)
X (km)
C2
C1
C4
C3
Time: 05:03:35.990
X
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Y
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Z
0
500
1000
1500
2000
X
Y
ZFrame 001 07 Dec 2006 Example: Simple XY Plot
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Bs Null – theoretical structureBs Null – theoretical structure
0 B
-0.0086
0.0105i - 0.0043
0.0105i + 0.0043
3
2
1
at 05:03:36(UT):
-0.0012550, -0.0110685, 0.0232983
0.0090147, 0.0015492, 0.0009428
0.0019898, -0.0047371, -0.0002319
δB
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Bipolar structure Near Bipolar structure Near the reversal point the reversal point 05:03:36(UT)05:03:36(UT)
Scale of the bipolar structure ~di
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2001-10-1 event2001-10-1 event
(1) A, As and B nulls detection
(2) A-B, As-B null lines detection
(3) Lower Hybrid wave detection
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Cluster Location at Cluster Location at 09:50 UT on 2001-10-0109:50 UT on 2001-10-01
C3C3 X = -16.2RX = -16.2REE
Y = 7.9RY = 7.9REE
Z = -0.5RZ = -0.5REE
YY
YY
X
-2500-2000
-1500-1000
-5000
500
Y
-2000-1000
01000
2000
Z
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
XY
Z
C3
C1
C2
C4
Frame 001 16 Nov 2006 Cluster Positions (2001-10-1)
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2001-10-1 event2001-10-1 eventOverviewOverview
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09:48:20 09:48:25 09:48:30 09:48:35 09:48:40 09:48:45 09:48:50
-1
0
1
UT (2001-10-1, gsm data from UCLA)
Po
inca
re
-10
-5
0
5
10
Bz (
nT
)
-10
-5
0
5
10
By (
nT
)
-30-20-10
010203040
B
x (n
T)
B1 B
2 B
3 B
4
B null09:48:28.447 UT
A null09:48:25.593UT
As null09:48:32.104 UT
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Characteristics of the null pair observed on 2001-Characteristics of the null pair observed on 2001-10-0110-01
B0.0020188 -0.0006625 0.0190302
-0.0026838 -0.0004505 -0.0031328
0.0026553 -0.0006486 -0.0015461
0.0010699 0.0015164 0.0181359
-0.0023046 0.0014864 -0.0016364
0.0034104 -0.0000067 -0.0016901
0.0032706 0.0053054 0.0185452
-0.0037311 -0.0017031 -0.0023048
0.0009760 -0.0024340 -0.0017568
B 52.2 1048.6 10 41.9 10
| |
| |
B
B
Time 09:48:25.593 UT 09:48:28.447 UT 09:48:32.104 UT
Poincare Index
1 -1 1
Null Type A-null (Negative) B-null (Positive) As-null (Negative)
0.13% 1.1% 0.19%
Eigen- values
1 = +0.0081
2 = - 0.0070
3 = - 0.0011
1 = - 0.0082
2 = +0.0072
3 = +0.0018
1=0.0059
2=-0.0031+0.0038i
3=-0.0031-0.0038i
Eigen-vectors
b1 = (-0.89, 0.38, -0.27)
b2 = ( 0.89, 0.17, -0.42)
b3 = (-0.24, 0.97, -0.01)
a1 = ( 0.88, 0.13, -0.46)
a2 = ( 0.84, -0.43, 0.32)
a3 = (-0.09, 0.99, -0.09)
c1 = (-0.83, 0.49, -0.26)
c2 = (0.78, 0.17+0.51i, -0.32+0.02i)
c3 = (0.78, 0.17-0.51i, -0.32-0.02i)
Angles between
A (a1) and B (b2, b3) 2.4o; A (a1) and A (a2, a3) 41.7o
B (b1) and A (a2, a3) 3.5o; B (b1) and B (b2, b3) 45.9o
null-null line a3 and B (b2, b3) 0o
null-null line b3 and A (a2, a3) 1.8o
B (c1) and A (a2, a3) 3.4o;
B0.0020188 -0.0006625 0.0190302
-0.0026838 -0.0004505 -0.0031328
0.0026553 -0.0006486 -0.0015461
0.0010699 0.0015164 0.0181359
-0.0023046 0.0014864 -0.0016364
0.0034104 -0.0000067 -0.0016901
0.0032706 0.0053054 0.0185452
-0.0037311 -0.0017031 -0.0023048
0.0009760 -0.0024340 -0.0017568
B 52.2 10 48.6 1041.9 10
| |
| |
B
B
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A-B null line09:48:25.593 UT-09:48:28.447 UT
B-As null line09:48:28.447 UT- 09:48:32.104 UT
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Null positions in the Cluster frameNull positions in the Cluster frame
—— via the linear interpolation—— via the linear interpolation
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09:48:24.30 09:48:24.60 09:48:24.90 09:48:25.20-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Vn
ull (
km/s
)
UT
VL
VM
VN
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Am
plitu
de
(Hz)
FFT(VL)
FFT(VM)
FFT(VN)
-500 0 500 1000-1000
-500
0
500
(a)
(c)
(b)
Linear Fit: VM
=286.2-1.0VL
VM (
km/s
)
VL (km/s)
10 15 20
0
1
2
(d)
K
(Hz)
KL
KM
KN
The lower-hybrid oscillation: The lower-hybrid oscillation: LHLH ~ 13 Hz (with magnetic field 20 nT); ~ 13 Hz (with magnetic field 20 nT);
a maximum power at 10-15Hza maximum power at 10-15Hz
12Hz
13Hz
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ConclusionsConclusions All four types of nulls, A, B, As and Bs, have been detected
by Cluster in situ measurements; Typical 3D geometry feature of Bs-type null (flux tube) has
been captured; The scale of structure is about the order of local di
An A-B null pair and a Bs-A null pair with their neighbouring geometry are identified in a typical reconnection event.
The separation between the nulls is measured as ~ 0.7±0.3 di,
A lower hybrid oscillation is also identified in the immediate vicinity of the line with a wavelength of ~ de,
It is the first in situ evidence for complete 3D reconnection geometry and associated electron dynamics
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Thanks for your attention!
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Ref. :Ref. :
Xiao C. J., et al., Nature Physics, 3(9), 609-613, doi:10.1038/nphys650, 2007
Xiao C. J., et al., Geophys. Rev. Lett., 34 , L01101, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL028006, 2007.
Xiao C. J., et al., Nature Physics, 2, 478-483, doi:10.1038/nphys342, 2006.