3d-led-

A SEMINAR REPORT ON 3D LED CUBE DISPLAY (8x8x8 PIXELS) BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN (Rajasthan Technical University, Kota)

ELECTRICALAND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SESSION (2014-15)

GUIDED BY : SUBMITTED BY:

JITENDRA KASERA Jumana Hussain EEE & VIIIth sem

RTU, Roll No- 11EPAEX030.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PACIFIC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, UDAIPUR

CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B. Tech Project Report

entitled Topic in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Technology

in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and submitted to the Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering, Pacific College of Engineering, Udaipur is an authentic work carried out

during a period from Jan. 2015 to May 2014 under the supervision of Jitendra Kasera.

The matter presented in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree

elsewhere.

Signature

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my

knowledge.

____________________Head of

Department of EEE

Pacific College of Engineering, Udaipur

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is opportunity to express my heartfelt words for the people who were part of this Project in

numerous ways, people who gave me unending support right from beginning of the Project.

I am grateful to my Project guide Miss. Jumana Hussain for giving guidelines to

make the project successful.

I extend my thanks to Mr. Jitendra Kasera, Head of the Department for his cooperation and guidance.

I want to give sincere thanks to the Dean, Prof. S. K. Sharma and Director, Dr. Prashant Sharma for

his valuable support.

Last but not least I would like to express my sincere thanks to Ms. Riddhi Mathur and Mr.

Mohammad Zakir Sheikh for their valuable support and cooperation during the preparation of this

report.

Yours Sincerely,

(Jumana Hussain)

ABSTRACT

The project is a 3D LED CUBE DISPLAY (8x8x8 PIXELS) which displays different patterns stored

in the microcontroller. This LED cube is like a LED screen, but it is special in that it has a third

dimension, making it 3D. Think of it as many transparent low resolution displays. In normal displays

it is normal to try to stack the pixels as close as possible in order to make it look better, but in a cube

one must be able to see through it, and more spacing between the pixels (actually it's voxels since it

is in 3d) is needed. The spacing is a trade-off between how easy the layers behind it are seen, and

voxel fidelity. Since it is a lot more work making a LED cube than a LED display, they are usually

low resolution. A LED display of 8x8 pixels are only 64 LEDs, but a LED cube in 8x8x8 is 512 LEDs,

an order of magnitude harder to make! This is the reason LED cubes are only made in low

resolution. A LED cube does not have to be symmetrical; it is possible to make a 7x8x9, or even

oddly shaped ones. Here we have an 8x8x8 shaped one. The code is written in the C language using

AVR studio and it is burned into the microcontroller using the pony prog 2000.The circuit needs to

be mounted on the mechanical structure or platform where it displays the patterns that are stored in

the microcontroller as indicated in the codes. The patterns are displayed on a 3D structure which is

made up of stainless steel rods. The messages can be changed as per user need by rewriting the

microcontroller’s in-built memory. The complete display system circuit is power supply run on 5V,

2A which is provided externally. This unique way of displaying messages is a very eye catching;

therefore its uses can in the field of advertising, toys, etc………

CONTENTS

Page No

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION 2

2.1 Block diagram 22.2 Explanation 3

Chapter 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND EXPLANATION 5

3.1 Circuit Diagrams 6

3.1.1 Schematic Controller Board 63.1.2 Wiring 3x3x3 LED Cube 7

3.2 Explanation 8

Chapter 4 PCB 10

4.1 PCB Component Layout 104.2 Jumper Layer 114.3 Soldering Layer 124.4 PCB Fabrication 13

Chapter 5 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SECTION 15

5.1 Hardware section 155.2 Software platforms used 165.3 Flow chart 19

Chapter 6 RESULTS 21

Chapter 7 CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE 22

Components List 23

References 24

Appendix 25

1. INTRODUCTION

3D LED CUBE DISPLAY (8x8x8 PIXELS)

1. INTRODUCTION

A microcontroller is a computer. All computers whether talk about a personal desktop

computer or a large mainframe computer or microcontrollers have several things in

common like the CPU (central processing unit), execution of programs, presence of RAM

(random-access memory) etc… Microcontrollers are “special purpose computers”.

Microcontrollers are often low- power devices. A desktop computer is almost always

plugged into a wall socket and might consume 50 watts of electricity. A microcontroller has

a dedicated input device and often (but not always) has a small LED or LCD display for

output. A microcontroller is often small and low cost. Today the technology has advanced

to such an extent that has come a need to display electronic messages to satisfy all purposes,

whether it is business or domestic use. The solution found to satisfy this need is the matrix

display systems using LED‟s and LCD‟s. Different kinds of matrix systems are available

today which are capable of displaying messages, graphics, logos and moving animation that

are sure to capture and hold the attention of any audience. It provides instantaneous,

flexible communications when and where they‟re needed most.

This LED cube has 512 LEDs. Obviously, having a dedicated IO port for each LED

would be very impractical. We would need a micro controller with 512 IO ports, and run

512 wires through the cube. Instead, LED cubes rely on an optical phenomenon called

persistence of vision (POV).If we flash a led really fast, the image will stay on our retina for

a little while after the led turns off. By flashing each layer of the cube one after another

really fast, it gives the illusion of a 3d image, when in fact we are looking at a series of 2d

images stacked onto one another. This is also called multiplexing. With this setup, we only

need 64 (for the anodes) + 8 (for each layer) IO ports to control the LED cube. The main

purpose of our project is to build a 3D LED cube display using an ATMEGA32, high

performance, low power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller. It has advanced RISC

architecture and 131 powerful instructions with most single clock cycle execution and 32 x

8 general purpose working registers. Its function is to display the different patterns in 3D

using 512 LED‟s.

By moving them fast enough, the output will be a human identifiable pattern or character.

Electronics & Communication Engineering, FISAT 1

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION


2. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION

2.1 Block Diagram

230 V, 50 Hz AC Supply

Fig 2.1 Block Diagram

2


2.2 Explanation

2.2.1 Power Supply

Power supply is used to provide a +5 volt, 2A from 230V 50Hz ac supply

with the use of bridge rectifier and regulator.

2.2.2 Microcontroller

Microcontroller ATMEGA32 is used to control the D latch and MOSFET.

The ATMEGA32 is a low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with

32K bytes of Flash programmable and 1K bytes of EEPROM .The on chip Flash

allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in system or by a conventional

nonvolatile memory programmer. It has 32x8 general purpose working registers with

131 powerful instructions.

2.2.3 Mosfet (Irfz44)

IRFZ44 is an N-channel (MOSFET) enhancement mode standard level field-

effect power transistor in a plastic envelope using ‟trench‟ technology. The device

features very low on-state resistance and has integral zener diodes giving ESD

protection up to 2kV. It is intended for use in switched mode power supplies and

general purpose switching applications.

2.2.4 D Latch (74HC573)

The 74HC/HCT573 are high-speed Si-gate CMOS devices and are pin

compatible with low power Schottky TTL (LSTTL). They are specified incompliance

with JEDEC standard no.7A.The 74HC/HCT573 are octal D-type transparent latches

Electronics & Electronics Engineering, 3


featuring separate D-type inputs for each latch and 3-state outputs for bus oriented

applications. A latch enable (LE) input and an output enable (OE) input are common

to all latches.

2.2.5 3d Led Cube Structure

This 3D led cube is made up of stainless steel rods with 512 led‟s. There are

64 anodes 8 cathodes. The LED cube is made up of columns and layers. The cathode

legs of every LED in a layer are soldered together. All the anode legs in one column

are soldered together. Each of the 64 columns is connected to the controller board

with a separate wire. Each column can be controlled individually. Each of the 8 layers

also has a separate wire going to the controller board. Each of the layers is connected

to a transistor that enables the cube to turn on and off the flow of current through each

layer.


3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND EXPLANATION


3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND EXPLANATION

3.1 Circuit Diagrams

3.1.1 schematic controller board

The components used in the Fig 3.1 and their values are given below,

Microcontroller ATMEGA32-P

Q1 - Q8 (N-Mosfet) IRFZ44

P1 2 Pin Header

P2 ISP Header

P3 – P11 8 Pin Header

U2 – U9 (D – Latch) 74HC573

R2 – R9 1KΩ Resistors

R10 – R17, R20 – R27, R30 – R37

R40 – R47, R50 – R57, R60 – R67 20 Ω

R70 – R77, R80 – R87

X (Crystal Oscillator) 16MHz

C1, C3 22PF

C2 10PF



Fig 3.1 schematic

controller board



3.1.2 Wiring 3x3x3 LED Cube

Fig 3.2 wiring 3x3x3 led cube



3.2 Explanation

A LED cube is like a LED screen, but it is special in that it has a third dimension, making it

3D. Think of it as many transparent low resolution displays. In normal displays it is normal

to try to stack the pixels as close as possible in order to make it look better, but in a cube

one must be able to see trough it, and more spacing between the pixels (actually it's voxels

since it is in 3d) is needed. The spacing is a trade-off between how easy the layers behind it

are seen, and voxel fidelity. Since it is a lot more work making a LED cube than a LED

display, they are usually low resolution. A LED display of 8x8 pixels are only 64 LEDs, but

a LED cube in 8x8x8 is 512 LEDs, an order of magnitude harder to make! This is the

reason LED cubes are only made in low resolution. A LED cube does not have to be

symmetrical; it is possible to make a 7x8x9, or even oddly shaped ones.

This LED cube has 512 LEDs. Obviously, having a dedicated IO port for each LED

would be very impractical. Thus there comes the need of a micro controller with 512 IO

ports, and run 512 wires through the cube. Instead, LED cubes rely on an optical

phenomenon called persistence of vision (POV). When a led is flashed really fast, the

image will stay on the retina for a little while after the led turns off. By flashing each layer

of the cube one after another really fast, it gives the illusion of a 3d image, when in fact we

are looking at a series of 2d images stacked onto one another. This is also called

multiplexing. With this setup, there exists the need of only 64 (for the anodes) + 8 (for each

layer) IO ports to control the LED cube. There are anodes, cathodes, columns and layers,

for this led cube.

In order to light up an LED, we have to run current from the anode to the cathode.

The LED cube is made up of columns and layers. The cathode legs of every LED in a layer

are soldered together. All the anode legs in one column are soldered together. Each of the

64 columns is connected to the controller board with a separate wire. Each column can be



controlled individually. Each of the 8 layers also has a separate wire going to the controller

board. Each of the layers is connected to a transistor that enables the cube to turn on and off

the flow of current through each layer. By only turning on the transistor for one layer,

current from the anode columns can only flow through that layer. The transistors for the

other layers are off, and the image outputted on the 64 anode wires are only shown on the

selected layer. To display the next layer, simply turn off the transistor for the current layer,

change the image on the 64 anode wires to the image for the next layer. Then turn on the

transistor for the next layer. Rinse and repeat very fast.

The layers will be referred to as layers, cathode layers or ground layers.

The columns will be referred to as columns, anode columns or anodes.

The control unit is quite simple, 3 ports of the Mega32 were used:

one port controls 8 FETs for sinking the 8 ground layers

one port is wired to all 8 8bit d-latch inputs

the last port is used to enable the d-latch inputs

Since the d-latches are only able to sink or source 70mA on all 8 latches, we had to limit the

diode current to ~9mA, which is fairly enough for this type of LED.


4. PCB


4. PCB

4.1 PCB Component Layout

Fig 4.1 component layout



4.2 Jumper Layer

Fig 4.2 jumper layer



4.3 Soldering Layer

Fig 4.3 Soldering layer



4.4 PCB Fabrication

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect

electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or traces etched from copper

sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring

board (PWB) or etched wiring board. A PCB populated with electronic components is a

printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).

PCB‟s are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much more layout

effort and higher initial cost than either wire-wrapped or pint-to-point constructed circuits,

but are much cheaper and faster for high- volume production. Much of the electronics

industry‟s PCB design, assembly and quality control needs are set by standards that are

published by the IPC organization.

4.4.1 materials

Conducting layers are typically made of thin copper foil. Insulating layers dielectric

are typically laminated together with epoxy resin prepreg. The board is typically coated

with a solder mask that is green in color. Other colors that are normally available are blue

and red. There are quite a few different dielectrics that can be chosen to provide different

insulating values depending on the requirements of the circuit. Some of these dielectrics are

polytetrafluroethylene (Teflon), FR-4, FR-1, CEM-1 or CEM-3. Well known prepreg

materials used in the PCB industry are FR-2 (Phenolic cotton paper), FR-3 (Cotton paper

and epoxy), FR-4 (Woven glass and epoxy), FR-5 (Woven glass and epoxy), FR-6 (Matte

glass and polyester), G-10 (Woven glass and epoxy), CEM-1 (Cotton paper and epoxy),

CEM-2 (Cotton paper and epoxy) CEM-3 (Woven glass and epoxy), CEM-4 (Woven glass

and epoxy), CEM-5 (Woven glass and polyester). Thermal expansion is an important

consideration especially with BGA and naked die technologies, and glass fiber offers the

best dimensional stability.



4.4.2 patterning (etching)

The vast majority of printed circuit boards are made by bonding a layer of copper over the

entire substrate, sometimes on both sides, (creating a “blank PCB”) then removing

unwanted copper after applying a temporary mask (e.g. by etching), leaving only the

desired copper traces. A few PCB‟s are made by adding traces to the substrate (or a

substrate with a very thin layer of copper) usually by a complex process of multiple

electroplating steps.

There are three common “subtractive methods (methods that remove copper) used for the

production of printed circuit boards.

1. Silk Screen printing uses etch-resistant inks to protect the copper foil. Subsequent

etching removes the unwanted copper. Alternatively, the ink may be conductive, printed on

a blank (non conductive) board. The latter technique is also used in the manufacture of

hybrid circuits.

2. Photoengraving uses a photomask and chemical etching to remove the copper foil from

the substrate. The photomask is usually prepared with a photo plotter from data produced

by a technician using CAM, or computer-aided manufacturing software.

3. PCB milling uses a two or three-axis mechanical milling system to mill away the copper

foil from the substrate. A PCB milling machine (referred to as a „PCB Prototype) operates

in a similar way to a plotter of the milling head in the x, y, and (if relevant z axis). Data to

drive the Prototypes is extracted from files generated in PCB design software and stored in

HPGL or Gerber file format.


5. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SECTION


5. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SECTION

5.1 Hardware Section

5.1.1 isp programmer

This simple AVR Programmer will allow you to painlessly transfer hex programs to most

ATMEL AVR microcontrollers without sacrificing your budget and time. It is more reliable

than most other simple AVR programmers available out there and can be built in very short

amount of time.

Fig 5.1 serial programmer



5.2 Software Platforms Used

5.2.1 avr studio

AVR Studio is used by embedded programmers for programming and debugging for many

of the Atmel microprocessors such as the Atmega8 or even the Atmega128. While it has

support for assembly programming for those who prefer to use higher languages, it uses the

coff format for debugging. Beginning with version 4 AVR Studio has now moved to

dwarf2, and can be more readily used in conjunction with the open source gcc based

compiler WinAVR.

Fig 5.2 AVR studio



5.2.2 pony prog 2000

Pony Prog is a serial device programmer software with a user-friendly GUI frame work

available for Windows95, 98, 2000 & NT and Intel Linux. Its purpose is reading and

writing every serial device. At the moment it supports I²C Bus, Micro wire, SPI EEPROM,

the Atmel AVR and Microchip PIC micro.

Fig 5.3 pony prog



Fig 5.4 connections for programming

Fig 5.5 pin out ofATMEGA32



5.3 Flow Chart

START

Port Configurations

Initialization

While (1)

YES

Call the function

cube explosion ()

DisplayString

“FISAT”

A B



A

Call Blockwipe ()

Rotate string“3D”

Call functions block wipe (), cube_2_auto (), cube_wipe (), cube_waves (),

cube_explosion (), cube_stripes ()

Call functions cube_belt_wipe(); outline_shrink(); cube_explosion();

cubes_4(); cubes_4();

cube_belt_wipe();

cube_outline(); cube_explosion();

cube_stars(); cube_explosion();

cube_sonic(); cube_belt_wipe(); cube_string_belt("

.thank you");

B


6. RESULTS


6. RESULTS

After successfully completing this project we came to know more about our project. It gave

us a lot of experience which will help in our future. The main advantages and limitations of

the project were identified. There are many applications for our project like in the field of

advertising, for making toys, to use as a study material, etc…. but the only limitation of this

project we had found is that it requires complete darkness, as it deals with the light. Since it

consists of the LED‟s it should be kept in a dark room for the perfect output.


7. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE


7. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

We were successful in completing our mini project “3D LED CUBE DISPLAY (8x8x8

Pixels)”. It was a wonderful experience as we attained basic knowledge on different steps in

circuit manufacturing such as circuit testing and debugging, soldering components, PCB

fabrication etc that will surely help us in our career in electronics field. By doing this

project we also came to know about the advantages and disadvantages of our project and its

future development. Today we have a 3D world; a 3D revolution will be formed in the

upcoming years. This project can be upgraded to a great extent by suitable add-ons and we

expect a bright future for our project in the coming years. The main applications of our

project include toys, advertisements, study material, research purposes etc………



Table 1: Components List

SL.NO: COMPONENT SPECIFICATION QUANTITY1 LED‟S BLUE COLOR, 512

DOM TYPE

2 RESISTORS 20 Ω, 1KΩ, 10KΩ, 64, 8, 2, 3, 322KΩ, 4.7KΩ

3 MOSFET IRFZ44 (N 8CHANNEL)

4 LARGE PROTOTYPE MEDIUM SIZE 3PCB‟S

5 MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA32 1

6 D LATCH 74HC573 8

7 CAPACITORS 22PF, .01µF 5, 5

8 TRANSISTOR BC547 1

9 CRYSTAL 16MHz 1OSCILLATOR

10 POWER SUPPLY 5V, 2A 1

11 SERIAL CABLE AND FOR 14PIN FEMALE PIN PROGRAMMING

HEADER

12 STAINLESS STEEL FOR THE 1.25 KGRODS STRUCTURE

13 8 PIN CONNECTORS WITH JACK 18

14 HEAT SINKS WING TYPE 8

15 MISCELLANEOUS - -



References

[1] (2010, Aug). Atmel: ATMEGA32 DATASHEET [Online].

Available: http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2503.pdf

[2] (2011, Apr). Atmel AVR Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing (Synthesis Lectures on Digital Circuits and Systems)

[3] (2000, Sep).

[4] (2005-2010).

[5] (2005-2010).


APPENDIX


Program

Header Files

AB

#ifndef AB_H #define AB_H

#include <inttypes.h>

void cube_char( char ch, uint8_t z );

#endif

ANIMATIONS

#ifndef ANIMATIONS_H #define ANIMATIONS_H

#include <stdlib.h> #include <avr/io.h> #include <inttypes.h>

void cube_string_belt(char *string);void set_char_to_belt(char character, char *belt); void move_belt_left(char *belt);

#define SHOW_BELT_DELAY 50 void show_belt(char *belt);

void cube_string_to_front(char *string);

void cube_fixed_string( void );



#define CUBE_AUTO_DELAY 60 void cube_2_auto( void );void cube_2_auto_show( char cube2[4][4] );

uint8_t cube2_move_y_fwd( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z ); uint8_t cube2_move_y_rev( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z ); uint8_t cube2_move_x_fwd( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z ); uint8_t cube2_move_x_rev( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z ); uint8_t cube2_move_z_fwd( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z ); uint8_t cube2_move_z_rev( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z );

void cube_diamond( void );

#define CUBES2_DELAY 15 void cubes_2( void );#define CUBES4_DELAY 50 void cubes_4( void );

#define STRIPES_DELAY 60 void cube_stripes( void );

#define OUT_SHRINK_DELAY 140 void outline_shrink( void );

#define EXPLOSION_DELAY 10 void cube_explosion( void );

#define SWIPE_DELAY 60 void cube_wipe( void );

#define BLINK_DELAY 3 void cube_flash( uint8_t cycle );

#define CUBE_STRING_DELAY 5 void cube_string( char *string );

#define OUTLINE_DELAY 60 void cube_outline( void );

#define SONIC_DELAY 40 void cube_sonic( void );

#define WAVES_DELAY 3 #define WAVES_DEPTH 255 void cube_waves( void );



#define STARS_DELAY 40 void cube_stars( void );

#define BLOCK_WIPE_DELAY 50 void cube_block_wipe( void );

#define BELT_WIPE_DELAY 50 void cube_belt_wipe( void ); #endif

LEDCUBE

#ifndef LEDCUBE_H #define LEDCUBE_H


uint8_t cube[8][8];

void cube_show_init( void );

void cube_clear ( void );void cube_clear_layer(uint8_t layer); void cube_full ( void );void cube_cube_3 ( void ); void cube_cube_4_line ( void ); void cube_random( void ); void cube_test_z( void );void cube_test_y( void ); void cube_test_x( void );

void cube_show( void );void cube_show_loop( uint8_t cycle );void cube_show_loop_wo_int( uint8_t cycle ); #endif

TRANSLATION



#ifndef TRANSLATION_H #define TRANSLATION_H


void move_z_fwd ( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 ); void move_z_rev ( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 ); void move_y_fwd( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 ); void move_y_rev( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 ); void move_x_fwd( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 ); void move_x_rev( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 );

#endif

ROTATION

#ifndef ROTATION_H #define ROTATION_H


#define CL_LOOP_DELAY 30 //was 6 void rotate_90_auto ( uint8_t cycle );

void rotate_15_deg( void ); void rotate_30_deg( void ); void rotate_45_deg( void ); void rotate_60_deg( void ); void rotate_75_deg( void ); void rotate_90_deg( void );

#endif



default:break;

ANIMATIONS

#include "ab.h" #include "ledcube.h" #include "animations.h" #include <stdlib.h> #include <avr/io.h> #include <inttypes.h>#include <avr/interrupt.h> #include <util/delay.h> #include <math.h> #include "rotation.h" #include "translation.h"

void cube_stripes( void )

cube_clear();for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)

cube[0][0] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[1][7] |= ( 1 << (7-i) ); cube[2][0] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[3][7] |= ( 1 << (7-i) ); cube[4][0] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[5][7] |= ( 1 << (7-i) ); cube[6][0] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[7][7] |= ( 1 << (7-i) );cube_show_loop(STRIPES_DELAY);

for (uint8_t j = 1; j < 8; j++)


cube[0][j] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[1][7-j] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[2][j] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[3][7-j] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[4][j] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[5][7-j] |= ( 1 << i ); cube[6][j] |= ( 1 << i );



cube2_arr[0][0] |= (1 << 2);

cube2_arr[0][1] |= (1 << 2);

cube2_arr[0][2] |= (1 << 2);

cube2_arr[0][3] |= (1 << 2);

cube2_arr[0][0] |= (1 << 3);

cube2_arr[0][1] |= (1 << 3);

cube2_arr[0][2] |= (1 << 3);

cube2_arr[0][3] |= (1 << 3);

cube2_arr[1][0] |= (1 << 3);

cube2_arr[1][1] |= (1 << 3);

cube2_arr[1][2] |= (1 << 3);

cube2_arr[1][3] |= (1 << 3);

cube_2_auto_show(cube2_arr);

for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 2000; i++)

uint8_t x = rand()%4;

uint8_t y = rand()%4;

uint8_t z = rand()%4;

if (cube2_arr[y][x] & (1 << z))

switch (rand()%6)

case 0:while(y < 3)



if (cube2_move_y_fwd(cube2_arr, y, x, z) == 0)

cube_2_auto_show(cube2_arr); y++;

else break; break;

case 1:while(y > 0)

if (cube2_move_y_rev(cube2_arr, y, x, z) == 0)

cube_2_auto_show(cube2_arr); y--;

else break; break;

case 2:while(x < 3)

if (cube2_move_x_fwd(cube2_arr, y, x, z) == 0)

cube_2_auto_show(cube2_arr); x++;

else break; break;

case 3:while(x > 0)

if (cube2_move_x_rev(cube2_arr, y, x, z) == 0)

cube_2_auto_show(cube2_arr); x--;

else break; break;

case 4:while(z < 3)

if (cube2_move_z_fwd(cube2_arr, y, x, z) == 0)

cube_2_auto_show(cube2_arr); z++;

else break; break;



case 5:while(z > 0)

if (cube2_move_z_rev(cube2_arr, y, x, z) == 0)

cube_2_auto_show(cube2_arr); z--;

else break; break;

default:break;

uint8_t cube2_move_y_fwd( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z )

if (!(cube2[y+1][x] & (1 << z))) cube2[y][x] &= ~(1 << z); cube2[y+1][x] |= (1 << z); return 0;

return 1;

uint8_t cube2_move_y_rev( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z )

if (!(cube2[y-1][x] & (1 << z))) cube2[y][x] &= ~(1 << z); cube2[y-1][x] |= (1 << z); return 0;

return 1;

uint8_t cube2_move_x_fwd( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z )

if (!(cube2[y][x+1] & (1 << z))) cube2[y][x] &= ~(1 << z); cube2[y][x+1] |= (1 << z); return 0;



return 1;uint8_t cube2_move_x_rev( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z )

if (!(cube2[y][x-1] & (1 << z))) cube2[y][x] &= ~(1 << z); cube2[y][x-1] |= (1 << z); return 0;

return 1;

uint8_t cube2_move_z_fwd( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z )

if (!(cube2[y][x] & (1 << (z+1)))) cube2[y][x] &= ~(1 << z); cube2[y][x] |= (1 << (z+1)); return 0;

return 1;

uint8_t cube2_move_z_rev( char cube2[4][4], uint8_t y, uint8_t x, uint8_t z )

if (!(cube2[y][x] & (1 << (z-1)))) cube2[y][x] &= ~(1 << z); cube2[y][x] |= (1 << (z-1)); return 0;

return 1;

void cube_2_auto_show( char cube2[4][4] )

for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < 4; layer++)

cube_clear_layer(layer*2+1); cube_clear_layer(layer*2);for (uint8_t x = 0; x < 4; x++)

for (uint8_t z = 0; z < 4; z++)if (cube2[layer][x] & ( 1 << z)) cube[layer*2]

[x*2] |= (1 << (z*2)); cube[layer*2][x*2] |= (1 << (z*2+1)); cube[layer*2][x*2+1] |= (1 << (z*2)); cube[layer*2][x*2+1] |= (1 << (z*2+1)); cube[layer*2+1][x*2] |= (1 << (z*2));



cube[layer*2+1][x*2] |= (1 << (z*2+1)); cube[layer*2+1][x*2+1] |= (1 << (z*2)); cube[layer*2+1][x*2+1] |= (1 << (z*2+1));

cube_show_loop(CUBE_AUTO_DELAY);

void cubes_2( void )

cube_clear();for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++ )

cube[0][i] = 0xFF; cube[1][i] = 0xFF;

cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY); for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++)

move_y_fwd(2,2,3,3); move_y_fwd(2,6,3,7); move_y_fwd(6,2,7,3); move_y_fwd(6,6,7,7); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)


for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 2; i++)


for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) move_y_rev(6,2,7,3); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 2; i++)



move_y_rev(4,0,5,1); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++)

move_z_fwd(2,4,3,5); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) move_y_rev(2,0,3,1); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) move_z_fwd(0,2,1,3); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) move_y_fwd(0,2,1,3); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) move_x_fwd(2,4,3,5); cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY);

cube_show_loop(CUBES2_DELAY*10);

/* cubemoving 4x4 */ void cubes_4( void )

cube_clear();for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer <= 3; layer++)

cube[layer][0] = 0b00001111; cube[layer][1] = 0b00001111; cube[layer][2] = 0b00001111; cube[layer][3] = 0b00001111;

for (uint8_t layer = 4; layer <= 7; layer++)

cube[layer][4] = 0b11111111; cube[layer][5] = 0b11111111; cube[layer][6] = 0b11111111; cube[layer][7] = 0b11111111;



cube_show_loop(CUBES4_DELAY);for (uint8_t fourtimes = 0; fourtimes <= 3; fourtimes++)


for (uint8_t fourtimes = 0; fourtimes <= 3; fourtimes++)



move_y_fwd(0,4,3,7); cube_show_loop(CUBES4_DELAY);




move_x_rev(0,0,3,3); cube_show_loop(CUBES4_DELAY);


move_z_rev(4,0,7,3); cube_show_loop(CUBES4_DELAY);






move_x_fwd(0,0,3,3); cube_show_loop(CUBES4_DELAY);








move_z_rev(0,0,3,3); cube_show_loop(CUBES4_DELAY);

/* shrinking outline */ void outline_shrink( void )

cube_clear();for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 7; i++ )

cube[i][0] = 0b10000001; cube[i][7] = 0b10000001;

for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 7; i++)

cube[0][i] = 0b10000001; cube[7][i] = 0b10000001;

cube[0][0] = 0xFF; cube[7][0] = 0xFF; cube[0][7] = 0xFF; cube[7][7] = 0xFF;cube_show_loop(OUT_SHRINK_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 2; i < 6; i++ ) cube[i][1] = 0b01000010; cube[i][6] = 0b01000010;

for (uint8_t i = 2; i < 6; i++)

cube[1][i] = 0b01000010; cube[6][i] = 0b01000010;

cube[1][1] = 0b01111110; cube[6][1] = 0b01111110; cube[1][6] = 0b01111110; cube[6][6] = 0b01111110;cube_show_loop(OUT_SHRINK_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 3; i < 5; i++ ) cube[i][2] = 0b00100100; cube[i][5] = 0b00100100;

for (uint8_t i = 3; i < 5; i++)

cube[2][i] =

0b00100100; cube[5][i] = 0b00100100;



cube[2][2] = 0b00111100; cube[5][2] = 0b00111100; cube[2][5] = 0b00111100; cube[5][5] = 0b00111100;cube_show_loop(OUT_SHRINK_DELAY);

cube[3][3] = 0b00011000; cube[4][3] = 0b00011000; cube[3][4] = 0b00011000; cube[4][4] = 0b00011000;cube_show_loop(10*OUT_SHRINK_DELAY);

void cube_explosion( void )

uint8_t led_state = 0b00011000; for (uint8_t i = 0; i <= 4; i++)

for (uint8_t j = 3; j <= (i+3); j++) for (uint8_t k = 3; k <= (i+3); k++)

cube[j][7-k] = led_state; cube[j][k] = led_state; cube[7-j][7-k] = led_state; cube[7-j][k] = led_state;

cube_show_loop(EXPLOSION_DELAY*(2*i+1)); led_state |= (1 << (3-i)) | (1 << (4+i));

cube_show_loop(EXPLOSION_DELAY); for (uint8_t i = 0; i <= 4; i++)

led_state &= ~((1 << (3-i)) | (1 << (4+i))); for (uint8_t j = 3; j <= (i+3); j++)

for (uint8_t k = 3; k <= (i+3); k++) cube[j][7-k] = led_state; cube[j][k] = led_state; cube[7-j][7-k] = led_state; cube[7-j][k] = led_state;

cube_show_loop(EXPLOSION_DELAY*(2*i+1));

cube_show_loop(EXPLOSION_DELAY);



/* wipe */void cube_wipe( void )

cube_test_y(); cube_show_loop(SWIPE_DELAY);for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < 7; layer++)

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)cube[layer][i] = 0; cube[layer+1][i] = 0xFF;

cube_show_loop(SWIPE_DELAY);

for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < 7; layer++)

move_y_rev(0,0,7,7); cube_show_loop(SWIPE_DELAY);

void cube_string_belt( char *string )

char cube_belt[25];for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 25; i++) cube_belt[i] = 0;

string++;string++;while(*string)

set_char_to_belt(*string, cube_belt); for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 6; i++)

show_belt(cube_belt); move_belt_left(cube_belt);

string++;

/* move the rest out */for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 18; i++)

show_belt(cube_belt); move_belt_left(cube_belt);

void move_belt_left( char *belt )

for (uint8_t i = 25; i > 1; i--)



belt[i-1] = belt[i-2];belt[0] = 0;

void set_char_to_belt( char character, char *belt )

cube_clear(); cli();PORTC = 0x00; cube_char(character, 1);for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < 8; layer++)

for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 6; i++)if (cube[layer][i] & 0x01)

belt[5-i] |= (1 << layer);

cube_clear(); sei();

void show_belt( char *belt )

cube_clear(); /* right side */for (uint8_t i = 5; i <= 11; i++)

for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) if (belt[i] & (1 << j))

cube[j][7] |= (1 << (12-i));

/* front side */for (uint8_t i = 12; i <= 17; i++) for

(uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++)if (belt[i] & (1 << j)) cube[j]

[18-i] |= (1 << 0);

/* left side */for (uint8_t i = 18; i <= 24; i++) for

(uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++)if (belt[i] & (1 << j))

cube[j][0] |= (1 << (i-17));

cube_show_loop(SHOW_BELT_DELAY);



/* 2 fixed chars rotating */ void cube_fixed_string( void )

cube_clear(); _delay_ms(600);

cube_clear(); _delay_ms(600); cube_char('3', 2); _delay_ms(600); rotate_90_deg(); _delay_ms(600); rotate_90_deg(); _delay_ms(600); cube_char('d', 2); _delay_ms(600); rotate_90_deg();

_delay_ms(600); rotate_90_auto(8); _delay_ms(600);

/* back to front moving */void cube_string_to_front( char *string )

while(*string) _delay_ms(200);

for (uint8_t i = 8; i > 0; i--) _delay_ms(200);

cube_clear(); _delay_ms(200);

cube_char(*string, (1 << (i-1))); _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(3); _delay_ms(300);

string++; _delay_ms(300);

void cube_string( char *string )



while(*string) cube_clear(); cli();

PORTC = 0x00; cube_char(*string, 16); string++; rotate_90_deg(); rotate_90_deg(); rotate_90_deg(); move_x_rev(1,0,6,7); move_x_rev(1,0,6,7); move_x_rev(1,0,6,7); sei();cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); move_x_fwd(1,0,6,7); cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); move_x_fwd(1,0,6,7); cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); move_x_fwd(1,0,6,7); cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); rotate_90_auto(1);

move_z_rev(0,0,7,7); cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); move_z_rev(0,0,7,7); cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); move_z_rev(0,0,7,7); cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); move_z_rev(0,0,7,7); cube_show_loop(CUBE_STRING_DELAY); cube_flash(5);cube_explosion();

cube_explosion(); cube_explosion();

void cube_outline( void )

cube_clear(); cube_show_loop(OUTLINE_DELAY); for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)

cube[0][0] |= (1 << i); cube[i][0] |= 1; cube[0][i] |= 1;cube_show_loop(OUTLINE_DELAY);



for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) cube[7][0] |= (1 << i); cube[7][i] |= 1; cube[i][0] |= 128; cube[0][i] |= 128; cube[0][7] |= (1 << i); cube[i][7] |= 1;cube_show_loop(OUTLINE_DELAY);

for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 8; i++)

cube[7][i] |= 128; cube[7][7] |= (1 << i); cube[i][7] |= 128;cube_show_loop(OUTLINE_DELAY);

cube_show_loop(20); /* shrink */ cube_clear();cube[1][1] = 0b01111110; cube[1][6] = 0b01111110; cube[6][1] = 0b01111110; cube[6][6] = 0b01111110; for (uint8_t i=2; i< 6; i++)

cube[1][i] = 0b01000010; cube[6][i] = 0b01000010; cube[i][1] = 0b01000010; cube[i][6] = 0b01000010;

cube_show_loop(30); rotate_90_auto( 8 );

void cube_stars( void )

for (uint8_t j = 1; j < 30; j++)for (uint8_t loops = 0; loops < 18; loops++)

cube_clear();for (uint8_t i = 0; i< j; i++)

uint8_t randx = (uint8_t)rand()%8;uint8_t randy = (uint8_t)rand()%8;uint8_t randz = (uint8_t)rand()%8;cube[randy][randx] = (1 << randz);

// cube[randy][randx] &= ~(1 << randz);



cube_show_loop(STARS_DELAY);

void cube_waves( void )


move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);

cube[3][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[2][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[1][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[0][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[0][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[1][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300);



move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[2][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[3][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(00); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[4][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[5][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[6][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[7][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[7][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[6][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300);



cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[5][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300); move_x_rev(0,0,7,7); _delay_ms(300);cube[4][7] |= WAVES_DEPTH; _delay_ms(300); cube_show_loop(WAVES_DELAY); _delay_ms(300);

void cube_sonic( void )

cli();for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)

cube_clear(); cube_show_loop(20); uint8_t mode = rand()%5;uint8_t sonic_layers = (rand()%8)+1; if (mode <= 3)

cube_clear();for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < sonic_layers; layer++)

cube[layer][0] = 0b10000000;for (uint8_t deg = 0; deg < mode; deg++)

rotate_90_deg();cube_show_loop_wo_int(SONIC_DELAY);


cube[layer][0] = 0b01000000;cube[layer][1] = 0b10000000;

for (uint8_t deg = 0; deg < mode; deg++)





cube[layer][0] = 0b00100000;cube[layer][1] = 0b00100000; cube[layer][2] = 0b11000000;




cube[layer][0] = 0b00010000;cube[layer][1] = 0b00010000; cube[layer][2] = 0b00100000; cube[layer][3] = 0b11000000;




cube[layer][0] = 0b00001000;cube[layer][1] = 0b00001000; cube[layer][2] = 0b00010000; cube[layer][3] = 0b00110000; cube[layer][4] = 0b11000000;




cube[layer][0] = 0b00000100;cube[layer][1] = 0b00000100; cube[layer][2] = 0b00000100; cube[layer][3] = 0b00001000; cube[layer][4] = 0b00010000; cube[layer][5] = 0b11100000;






cube[layer][0] = 0b00000010;cube[layer][1] = 0b00000010; cube[layer][2] = 0b00000010; cube[layer][3] = 0b00000100; cube[layer][4] = 0b00001000; cube[layer][5] = 0b00010000; cube[layer][6] = 0b11100000;




cube[layer][0] = 0b00000001;cube[layer][1] = 0b00000001; cube[layer][2] = 0b00000001; cube[layer][3] = 0b00000010; cube[layer][4] = 0b00000010; cube[layer][5] = 0b00000100; cube[layer][6] = 0b00011000; cube[layer][7] = 0b11100000;














cube[layer][7] = 0b00000001;for (uint8_t deg = 0; deg < mode; deg++)


else /* center wave */ cube_clear();for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < sonic_layers; layer++)


cube_show_loop_wo_int(SONIC_DELAY); cube_clear();for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < sonic_layers; layer++)



cube[layer][1] = 0b00011000;cube[layer][2] = 0b00100100; cube[layer][3] = 0b01000010; cube[layer][4] = 0b01000010; cube[layer][5] = 0b00100100; cube[layer][6] = 0b00011000;

cube_show_loop_wo_int(SONIC_DELAY); cube_clear();



for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer < sonic_layers; layer++) cube[layer][0] = 0b00011000;cube[layer][1] = 0b01100110; cube[layer][2] = 0b01000010; cube[layer][3] = 0b10000001; cube[layer][4] = 0b10000001; cube[layer][5] = 0b01000010; cube[layer][6] = 0b01100110; cube[layer][7] = 0b00011000;





cube_show_loop_wo_int(SONIC_DELAY);

sei();

void cube_diamond( void )

cube_clear();for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++ )

cube[4][2] = 0b01111110;

void cube_block_wipe( void )

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) move_x_fwd(0,0,7,7);for(uint8_t layer = 0; layer < 8; layer++)

cube[layer][0] |= 0xFF;



cube_show_loop(BLOCK_WIPE_DELAY); _delay_ms(100);

cube_show_loop(BLOCK_WIPE_DELAY);

_delay_ms(100);for (uint8_t i = 8; i != 0; i--)

for(uint8_t layer = 0; layer < 8; layer++) cube[layer][i-1] = 0x00;

cube_show_loop(BLOCK_WIPE_DELAY);

_delay_ms(100);

void cube_belt_wipe( void )

for (uint8_t layer = 8; layer != 0; layer--) cube[layer-1][0] |= 0xFF; cube[layer-1][7] |= 0xFF;for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 7; i++) cube[layer-1][i] |= 0b10000001; cube_show_loop(BELT_WIPE_DELAY);

for (uint8_t layer = 8; layer != 0; layer--)

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) cube[layer-1][i] = 0x00; cube_show_loop(BELT_WIPE_DELAY);

void cube_flash( uint8_t cycle )

for (; cycle > 0; cycle--) cli();PORTC = 0x00;

_delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5);

sei();_delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5);



_delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5); _delay_ms(BLINK_DELAY*5);

TRANSLATION

#include <stdlib.h> #include <avr/io.h> #include <inttypes.h> #include <util/delay.h> #include <math.h> #include "ab.h" #include "rotation.h" #include "ledcube.h" #include "translation.h"

void move_z_fwd (uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 )

for (; x1 <= x2; x1++)for (uint8_t i = y1; i <= y2; i++)

cube[x1][i] = (cube[x1][i] << 1);

void move_z_rev ( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 )

for (; x1 <= x2; x1++)

for (uint8_t i= y1; i <= y2; i++) cube[x1][i] = (cube[x1][i] >> 1);

void move_y_fwd( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 )


for (uint8_t i = 7; i > 0; i--)for (uint8_t j = x1; j <= x2; j++)

for (uint8_t k = y1; k <= y2; k++) if ((cube[i-1][j] & (1 << k)))

cube[i][j] |= (1 << k); cube[i-1][j] &= ~(1 << k);

else cube[i-1][j] &= ~(1 << k);

void move_y_rev( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 )

for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 8; i++)

for (uint8_t j = x1; j <= x2; j++)

for (uint8_t k = y1; k <= y2; k++) if ((cube[i][j] & (1 << k)))

cube[i-1][j] |= (1 << k); cube[i][j] &= ~(1 << k);

else cube[i-1][j] &= ~(1 << k);

void move_x_fwd( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 )

for (uint8_t layer = y1; layer <= y2; layer++) for (uint8_t j = 7; j > 0; j--)

for (uint8_t k = x1; k <= x2; k++) if ((cube[layer][j-1] & (1 << k)))

cube[layer][j] |= (1 << k); cube[layer][j-1] &= ~(1 << k);

else


cube[layer][j] &= ~(1 << k);

void move_x_rev( uint8_t x1, uint8_t y1, uint8_t x2, uint8_t y2 )

for (uint8_t layer = y1; layer <= y2; layer++) for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 7; j++)

for (uint8_t k = x1; k <= x2; k++) if ((cube[layer][j+1] & (1 << k)))

cube[layer][j] |= (1 << k); cube[layer][j+1] &= ~(1 << k);

else cube[layer][j] &= ~(1 << k);

ROTATION

#include <stdlib.h> #include <avr/io.h> #include <inttypes.h> #include <util/delay.h> #include <math.h> #include "ledcube.h" #include "animations.h" #include "rotation.h"

void rotate_90_auto ( uint8_t cycle )

for (uint8_t loopcnt = 0; loopcnt < cycle; loopcnt++) _delay_ms(30); uint8_t cube_org[8][8];_delay_ms(30);



for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) _delay_ms(30);

for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) _delay_ms(30);

cube_org[i][j] = cube[i][j]; _delay_ms(30);

cube_clear();

void rotate_90_deg ( void )

uint8_t cube_org[8][8];for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)

for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) cube_org[i][j] = cube[i][j];

cube_clear();for ( uint8_t layer = 0; layer < 8; layer++ )

for ( uint8_t x = 0; x < 8; x++) for ( uint8_t y = 0; y < 8; y++)

if ( cube_org[layer][y] & (0x80 >> x)) cube[layer][(7-x)] |= (1 << (7-y));

LED CUBE

#include "ledcube.h" #include <stdlib.h> #include <avr/io.h> #include <inttypes.h> #include <util/delay.h> #include <math.h>

#include <avr/interrupt.h>



#include "ab.h" #include "rotation.h"

void cube_show_init( void )

TCCR0 |= (1 << CS02) | (0 << CS00); TIMSK |= (1 << TOIE0);

ISR( TIMER0_OVF_vect )

TCNT0 = 0xB0; PORTC = 0x0;static uint8_t cube_show_layer = 0; asm volatile("nop");asm volatile("nop"); asm volatile("nop"); asm volatile("nop"); asm volatile("nop");for(uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++)

PORTD = cube[cube_show_layer][j]; asm volatile("nop");PORTA |= (1 << j); asm volatile("nop"); PORTA = 0;asm volatile("nop");

PORTC |= (1 << cube_show_layer); asm volatile("nop");if (cube_show_layer < 7)

cube_show_layer++;

else cube_show_layer = 0;

void cube_clear ( void )

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++)

cube[i][j] = 0;



void cube_clear_layer(uint8_t layer)

for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) cube[layer][j] = 0;

void cube_full ( void )


cube[i][j] = 255;

void cube_cube_3 ( void )

cube[0][0] = 7; cube[0][1] = 7; cube[0][2] = 7; cube[1][0] = 7; cube[1][1] = 7; cube[1][2] = 7; cube[2][0] = 7; cube[2][1] = 7; cube[2][2] = 7;

void cube_cube_4_line ( void )

cube[0][0] = 15; cube[0][1] = 9; cube[0][2] = 9; cube[0][3] = 15; cube[1][0] = 9; cube[1][3] = 9; cube[2][0] = 9; cube[2][3] = 9; cube[3][0] = 15; cube[3][1] = 9; cube[3][2] = 9; cube[3][3] = 15;



void cube_random( void )

for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++ )for ( uint8_t j= 0; j < 8; j++)

cube[i][j] = rand()%255;

void cube_test_z( void )


cube[i][j] = 1;

void cube_test_y( void )

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) cube[0][i] = 255;

void cube_test_x( void )

for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) cube[i][0] = 255;

void cube_show( void )

asm volatile("nop");for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)

for(uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++)

PORTD = cube[i][j]; asm volatile("nop"); PORTA |= (1 << j); asm volatile("nop"); PORTA = 0;asm volatile("nop");

PORTC |= (1 << i);


_delay_ms(1); PORTC = 0x00; asm volatile("nop"); asm volatile("nop"); asm volatile("nop"); asm volatile("nop"); asm volatile("nop");

void cube_show_loop( uint8_t cycle )

for (uint16_t i = 0; i < cycle*2; i++) _delay_ms(8);

void cube_show_loop_wo_int( uint8_t cycle )

for (uint16_t i = 0; i < cycle*2; i++) cube_show();

MAIN

#include <stdlib.h> #include <avr/io.h> #include <inttypes.h> #include <util/delay.h> #include <math.h> #include <avr/interrupt.h> #include "ledcube.h" #include "animations.h"

void init(void)

PORTC = 0;DDRC = 0xFF;DDRA = 0xFF;



DDRD = 0xFF; PORTA = 0; PORTD = 0; cube_show_init(); _delay_ms(1); sei(); _delay_ms(1);

int main(void)

init(); _delay_ms(100); _delay_ms(100);cube_clear(); /* never forget this */

while ( 1 ) cube_explosion();cube_string_to_front("fisat"); cube_belt_wipe(); cube_fixed_string(); cube_block_wipe(); cube_2_auto();cube_wipe(); cube_waves(); cube_explosion(); cube_stripes(); cube_belt_wipe(); outline_shrink(); cube_explosion();

cubes_4(); cubes_4(); cube_belt_wipe(); cube_outline(); cube_explosion(); cube_stars(); cube_explosion(); cube_sonic(); cube_belt_wipe();cube_string_belt(" .thank you");


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