3D holographic Display Using Strontium Barium Niobate

7/27/2019 3D holographic Display Using Strontium Barium Niobate

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ARMYRESEARCHLABORATORY KSKffiS^sSsM%;

3-DHolographicDisplayUsingStrontiumBariumNiobatebyChristyA.Heid,BrianP .Ketchel,GaryL .Wood,RichardJ .Anderson,andGregoryJ .Salamo

ARL-TR-1520 ebruary1998

8f t tTALITy INSPECTED 3

1 9 9 8 0 3 0 50 5 4 Approvedfo rpublicrelease;distributionunlimited.


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Thefindingsnthisreportarenot tobeconstrueda s anofficialDepartment oftheArmypositionunlesssodesignatedbyotherauthorizeddocuments. Citationofmanufacturer'sorradenamesdoesno tconstituteanfficialendorsementorapprovalof the usethereof.Destroythis report whenit is no longerneeded.Do no treturnit to the originator.


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ArmyResearchLaboratoryAdelphi,MD20783-1197

ARL-TR-1520ebruary19983-DHolographicDisplayUsingStrontiumBariumNiobateChristyA.Heid,BrianP .Ketchel,GaryL.WoodSensorsan dElectronDevicesDirectorate,ARL

RichardJ .AndersonNationalScienceFoundation

GregoryJ .Salamo University ofArkansas

Approvedfo rpublicrelease;distributionunlimited.


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AbstractAninnovativetechniquefo rgeneratingathree-dimensionalholographicdisplayusingstrontium bariumniobate( S B N )isdiscussed.T heresultantimageis a hologramthatca n be viewedinrealtime overa wideperspectiveorfieldof view( F O V ) .Theholographicimage is freefrom system-inducedaberrationsandhas uniform,highqualityoverheentireO V .The enhancedimagequalityresultsfromusingaphase-conjugatereadbeamgeneratedfrom a second photorefractivecrystal acting as a double-pumpedphase-conjugatemirror( D P P C M ) .Multiplethree-dimensional images havebeenstoredin th ecrystalvi awavelengthmultiplexing.


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Contents1.ntroduction2.heory3.xperimentalSetup3 .1olographicDisplay3 .2mageStorage4.onclusions 1 Acknowledgements 1References 2Distribution 3 ReportDocumentationPage 7

Figures1 .ynamic holography in photorefractivecrystals viafour-wavemixing2 .xperimental setupused to record andreconstructa3-D hologramusingS B N3.-D hologramstoredin aCe-dopedS B N : 6 0photorefractivecrystal and viewedatvariousangleswithanF O V of- 1 4 4.ethodof measuring expectedF O V fo rrecordingaholograminacrystalof lengthLc5 .ologramstoredinamosaicof twoCe-dopedS BN :60 photorefractivecrystalswithanF O V of-30

Tables1 . Relative powers of writingand readingbeams usedto studywavelengthmultiplexing in S B N

in


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1.ntroductionPresentholographicdisplays,suchasthosegeneratedbycomputersoremulsionilms,suallyequirentermediatereprocessingrost-processingandare,therefore,notcapableofreal-timeproductionandviewingandhavelimitedinformationstoragecapacity.Theuseofphoto-refractivecrystals,uchasstrontiumbariumniobateS B N ) ,asaholo-graphicstoragemediumeliminatestheseandotherlimitingfactors.Forexample,when aphotorefractivestorage medium isused,hologramsmayberecordedandprojectedwithouttime-consuming processingandwithgreaterstoragecapacitythroughvariousformsofmultiplexing.Addition-ally,thephotorefractiverecording mediumissensitivetolowlevelinten-sityandseusable.herefore,previouslytoredhologramsmaybeerased,andthecrystalcanbereusedtostoreotherholograms.Untilre-cently,however,researchinphotorefractiveholographyhas beenlimitedtotheproductionoftwo-dimensional( 2 - D )hologramsandverylimitedfield-of-view( F O V )3-Dholograms.Theproposedmethodemploysavolumehologramrecordedandreadinrealtimeinaphotorefractivecrystaltoproducea3-Dimage.Thisinnova-tivetechniqueissimple,anditdiffersfrompreviousattemptsat3-Ddis-plays.W eused aphotorefractivematerial,S B N ,torecordahologram,andaphase-conjugatereadbeam,whichisgeneratedfromadouble-pumpedphase-conjugatemirror(DPPCM),toaccurately reproducetheholographicimageinspaceoveralargeperspective.Theresultantholographicimageisfree fromsystem-inducedaberrations,may beviewedoverawiderange ofanglesthatcanbeexpandedbytheuse ofamosaic ofcrystals,andhasuni-formhigh qualityovertheentireF O V .


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2 .heoryThehologramisrecordedinS B N bytheinterferenceoftwowritingbeams:areference beamErefandanobjectbeamE0,asshowninfigure1 .Thein-tensitythatiscreatedbytheinterferenceofthetwowritingbeams,ErefandE0,iswrittenas

/cc(Ere/+Eo)( + 2+Eo|2 +Er +EoE; t (1)wherethegratingtermsoftheintensityarerepresentedbythelasttwoterms

Ig=ErefEo+ EoKef 2)WhentwocoherentbeamsinterfereinaphotorefractivecrystalsuchasS B N ,anindex-of-refractiongrating is producedviathephotorefractiveef-fect[1] .Thegratingsarewrittenontheorderofthephotorefractivetimeresponse,whichcanbe less than1 s.Thetimeresponseforthesecrystalsisintensitydependent,T = A/1with0.05 < A< 2 J/cm2, dependingoncrystalanddopanttype andquality.Thephotorefractiveeffectoccurswhentwobeamsofthesamefrequencyinterfere so thataseriesoflightand darkfringesiscreatedbytheconstruc-tiveanddestructiveinterferenceofthebeams.Inthelightorhigh-intensityregions,freechargecarriersareexcitedbyphotonsintotheconductionband.Thesechargecarriersdiffuseintothedarkerregionsoflowerinten-sity.Oncethisprocessoccurs,thechargecarriersbecometrapped,whichinducesaspace-chargedistribution.AsstatedinPoisson'sequation,aspace-chargefieldresultsfromthespace-chargedistribution.Thisspace-chargeieldtheninducesanindexgrating,viathelinearelectro-optic,known asthePockelseffect

1 2 n= --n\gLsc (3 )

Figure1 .Dynamicholographyinphotorefractivecrystalsviafour-wavemixing;c-axisisdrawnfora photo-refractivecrystalsuchasSBN.

X crystal

->zread

oai


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wherenistheindexofrefraction,re istheeffectiveelectro-opticcoeffi-cient, andEscis th estrengthof th espace-charge field.With noappliedorphotovoltaicelectricfield,theindex-of-refractiongrat-ingisphaseshifted by90 fromtheintensitygrating,whichleadstoen -ergyexchangebetweenthetwobeams.Energyexchangeleadsto signifi- cantbeamfanningifthereissufficientinteractionlengthin thecrystal.B eamfanningis undesirablefo rtheholographicstoragecrystalbecauseitwilldegradethehologram.Therefore,thecrystalusedin thisstudy,S B N dopedwithcerium,hadalengthof~ 1m m ,whichis lessthan thecriticalinteractionlength.ThehologramisreadbytheintroductionofathirdbeamEread,whichis counter-propagatingto thereference beamasshownin figure1 .Thereadbeamisdiffractedofftheindexgrating,whichhasbeenpreviouslyre-cordednhephotorefractivematerial.Thisprocessproduceshedif-fractedwaveEd,andis writtenas

EdxrecdIg=Eread[Ere fEo+EoEref)= Ere fEoEread+EoEre fEread /4)whereIsdefinedinequation(2).Thefirsttermonth eright-handsideof th eequation,ErefE*E read,representsabeamthat is diffractedof ftheindexgrating,ounter-propagatingohebjectbeam,withwaveector^d x=~K-T hesecondterm,E0E*^E rettd,representsabeampropagatingwithwavevectorkd2= k0-2krer .Onlythefirst-orderwavekdlwillbeBragg-matched [2],becauseweareinthethickorvolumegratingregime.W earein thethick(volume)gratingregimebecausethefollowing inequality is satisfied:

2nM nA 2 5)whereA isth ewavelength infreespace,disth egratingthickness,nistheaverageindexofrefraction, and A isth egratingperiod.Thereareseveraladvantagesto usingvolumehologramsoverthosere-cordedinth e thingratingregime.First, th e diffractionefficiency of volumegratingsissignificantlygreaterthanwhatisofferedbythingratingsbe- causeavolumegratinghasfewerdiffractedorders.Thus,onlyasinglebeamisdiffractedfromthegrating,whicheliminatestheappearanceofghostimagesduetohigherorderdiffraction.Second,thereis lessangularspread in th e diffractedbeam as comparedto thebeamfrom a thingrating.Thisfeatureallowsnumeroushologramsto bewrittenandreadinthesamecrystal,becausetheBraggangleis usedto selectivelystoreandreadtheimages.Finally,onlylightthatisincidentatthenarrowBraggangleca n bediffractedby thesegratings,whichminimizescrosstalkduring vol-umereadout.A simplemethodofreadingth eholograminvolvesusingthereflectionof thereference beamfrom aplanemirror.Thegenerateddiffractedbeamis written asfollows,whereequation(4)is usedfo ravolumegrating:


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EdocE;ErefEread=rA de% 6)whereEread= rE ref,E= Aeik*x+ikzz(suchthatthebeamispropagatinginthex-zlanewithwavevectorkandamplitudeA),andristhereflectioncoefficientoftheplanemirror.Theimage-bearingbeamEdcontainsaspatiallydependenttermbecausethereadbeamisonlytrulyphase-matchedonaxis.Thus,themaximumFOVof thehologram isseverelyrestrictedasthereadbeamdiverges.Thisproblemcanberemediedbycarefulcollimationofthereadbeamandref-erencebeam;however,thisisacumbersometask.Itismucheasiertousethelawsofnonlinearopticsanduseareadbeamthatisnaturallyself-aligning,suchasaphase-conjugateread beam.Sincethephase-conjugatebeamisexactlycounter-propagatingtothereferencebeam,itwouldnotmatterifthereferencebeamisdivergingbecausethereadbeamwillre-traceitspathprecisely,andreadallthewrittengratingsovertheentirebeamwidth.Theread beam,whichisgeneratedfromthephaseconjugateofthereferencebeam,iswrittenasfollows,whereequation(4 )isusedforavolumegrating:

EdxEoEre fEread=< 7 |re/|KxtfrefK= refheadK >7)whereEread= qE* r efand qisthephase-conjugatereflectivity.Thedivergenceoftheread beamfromaplanemirror,evident inequation(6),isnotpresentwhenaphase-conjugatereadbeamisused,asshowninequation(7).Furthermore,phaseconjugationisaprocessinwhichthephaseaberrations ofanopticalsystem are removedwithoutbeammanipu-lation.Theuseofaphase-conjugatereadbeamalsohasaddedbenefitssuchashigherresolution,alargerF O V ,andasimpler,morerobust holo-graphic production[3].Phaseconjugationatowbeampowerscanbeobtainedbytheuseofphotorefractivecrystals[4]andgeneratedbyfour-wavemixinggeometries[5].Onemethod,whichusesthe internalreflection of onebeamwithin thecrystal,iscalledself-pumped phaseconjugation.Theself-pumped,phase-conjugatemirroroffersreflectivitiesintherangeof0


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3.xperimentalSetup Thebasicprinciplesuponwhichthisthree-dimensionaldisplay operatesareshowninfigure2 .Asignalbeam,generatedfromanargon-ionlaseroperatingat48 8nm,issplitintotwobeams:theobjectbeam(E 0)andrefer-encebeam(E reXAdelayarmwasplacedinthereferencebeampath toad-justthecoherencebetweenthetwowritingbeams.The coherencelengthoftheargonlaser wasmeasuredtobe~ 7 0mm.Toobtainthemaximumal-lowableOVfheologram,tsesirableoompletelyillhephotorefractivecrystalthatisbeingused astherecordingmedium.There-fore,abeamexpander is used toincreasethereferencebeamdiameterandtocollimateitbeforeitenterstherecordingmedium.Theobjectbeamisincidentontheobject atanangle,sothatthemajority ofthescatteredlightisdirectedtowardstherecordingmedium.Dependingonthesizeoftheobject,theobjectbeammayneedtobeexpanded.Thescatteredobjectbeams andreferencebeam cross andinterfereintherecordingmedium.Inthisstudy,therecordingmaterialwasaphotorefractivecrystal(strontium bariumniobateS r06Ba04Nb206( S B N:60) ) ,whichwas dopedwith cerium.Theanglebetweenthereferenceandobjectbeamswasmadetocorre-spondwiththelargestchangeintheindexofrefraction.W eperformedtwobeamcouplingexperimentsonS B N : 6 0todeterminetheanglethatachievedthestrongestpossiblephotorefractiveeffect.Theoptimum angleforS B N : 6 0 wasmeasuredtobewithin2 0 to40,andthebisectorofthisanglewas normal to the incidentfaceofthecrystal.Theentranceandexitfacesofthecrystalwerecutparalleltothedirectionofthelargestelectro-opticcoefficient(r33forS B N : 6 0 ) ,whichwaslabeledthec-axis.Thecrystal waselectricallypoledinthissamedirectiontoen-suredomainalignment.Thec-axisshouldlieintheplaneofpolarizationoftheobject and referencebeams;therefore,p -polarizedlightwasused inthisstudy.Theentrance and exitfacesofthecrystalshouldalsobeaslargeaspossibletomaximizetheF O V ,andthecrystalthicknessshouldbeabout1mmtominimize the effectsofbeamfanning(discussedpreviously).Thedimensionsof thephotorefractivestoragecrystalusedinthisstudywere2 0x 2 0x1 .3mm.

Figure2 .Experimentalsetupusedtorecordandreconstructa3-D hologram usingS B N .

Photorefractive Mirror storagecrystal

3-D .objectIBeammaging sP|itterens m DPPCM 'pump

ToCCD,videocamera,or eye


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Thehologramrecordingprocessoccurswhereverthereferencebeamandscatteredobjectbeamsintersectinthecrystalvolume.Aslongasthesebeamsaremutuallycoherentandthephotorefractivematerialhassuffi-cientresponse,interferencewilloccur,whichwillresultinanintensitymodulation.Theseinterferencegratings transformintoindex-of-refraction gratingsviathephotorefractiveeffectthat wasdiscussedpreviously.Theobject isrecordedasaconglomerationof indexgratingsinthecrystalvol-ume, whichisreferredtoasavolumehologram.Afterthereferencebeamtransmitsthroughthestoragecrystal,itisinci-dentuponasecondphotorefractivecrystalthatisusedasaDPPCM.TheDPPCMcrystal,whichisusedtoobtainthenecessaryphase-conjugatereadbeam,hasparametersidenticaltothestoragecrystalexceptforthedimensions.Inourexperiment,theDPPCMS B N : 6 0crystalis6mmlong,whichprovides asufficientpathlengthforsignificantbeamfanning.SincethereferencebeammaybetoolargeindiametertoentertheDPPCMcrys-talcleanly,abeamcondenserisused.Thebeamcondenserensuresthatthedesiredbeamizesachievedatheentranceaceofhecrystal.TheDPPCMcrystalisorientedsothatthereference beam(E rJandasecondpumpbeam(Epump)enteroppositefacesofthecrystalwithwavevectorcomponentsinthe+ c -direction.Thepumpbeam,whichwasp -polarized,originated fromasecondargon-ionlaser,whichwasoperatingat48 8run.Thereadbeam(E read)willexactlyretracetheoriginalbeam'spathfromtheDPPCMcrystalthroughanyensestohetoragecrystal.Theeadbeamiscounter-propagatingtothereference beaminthestoragecrystal.Consequently,thereadbeamis perfectlyBragg-matchedtothehologram'sgratingsatallpointsinthecrystal.Theexactmatchensuresthatallgrat-ingsorhologramsarereadandallowsthemaximumperspective( F O V )oftheimageforthesizeofthestoragematerial.Sincethereadbeamisaphaseconjugate,anyinhomogeneitiesorphase-distortingpropertiesoftheopticalelementsbetweentheDPPCMcrystalandthehologramwill cancelout.TheBragg-matchedreadbeamwilldiffractoffthesegratingsandre-tracethepathofthescatteredobjectbeam.Thediffractedbeamfromthestoragecrystalisseparatedfromthe objectbeambyabeamsplitterwithanantireflectioncoating thatisplacedbetweentheobject andstoragecrystal.Thisprocessformsthethree-dimensionalhologramoftheobject as showninfigure2 .

3.1 HolographicDisplayThethree-dimensionalhologramisarealimageoftheobjectandcanbedisplayedinfreespace.Theimagecanbeviewedbyprojection,vialensrelays,directlyintotheeyeoracamera.Figure3showsthehologramoftwodiceearringsrecordedintheS B N : 6 0 photorefractivecrystal.Thedicehave dimensionsof2 mmonaside.W everifiedthe third dimensionoftheimagebyviewingthehologramatdifferentperspectives,whichdemon-strated parallaxwhenwerotatedtheviewinganglebyplacingthecameraonapivot arm.TheF O V ofthehologram(fig.3) wasmeasured tobe-14.W edeterminedtheF O V bytheangularrangeinwhichthehologramwas


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clearlyvisible.TheexpectedFOVcanbecalculatedromhediagramshowninfigure4.ThephotorefractiverecordingcrystaloflengthL cistiltedsothatthenormaltothecrystal'slargestfacebisectstheanglebe-tweenthereferenceandobject beams, / > .Theobjectofwidthsislocatedadistanced fromtheprojectionoftherecording^rystal,wheretheprojectionofthecrystalis intheplaneperpendiculartod The effective lengthoftherecordingmaterialis

L


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Usingequations(8 )and(9),wecalculatedthemaximumF O V of theholo-grampresentedinfigure3tobe-24,whereL c= 2 0mm,d= 40 mm, p = 2 0 ,ands=3mm.Becauseofincompletephaseconjugationofthereadbeam,themeasuredFOVof1 4ismuch less,becausetheentireregionofthecrystalwasnotused.ThealignmentofthepumpbeamandreferencebeamintheDPPCMiscriticaltoenhancealargephase-conjugatereadbeam.W e usedasecond,identicalphotorefractivestoragecrystal( S B N : 6 0 dopedwithceriumwithsimilardimensions(2 0mmx2 0mmx1 .3mm))tofur-ther increasetheFOVofthehologram.The twostoragecrystalsweretiledtogetherinamosaicsothatthewidthofthenetstorageareawas40 mmandtheheightwas2 0mm.Toproduceacollimatedreferenceandreadbeamwithanellipticalshapethatfilledtherectangular-shapedstoragecrystal,weusedaeriesfphericalandcylindricalenses.Aaseraplanaticlensand anaplanaticmeniscuslensfromCVILaserCorporationwereusedtoobtainan/numberof//3.3toreducedistortionswhenthereference beamwasfocusedintotheDPPCM,andthereadbeamwasex -pandedtofillthestoragecrystal.Thehologramrecordedinthemosaicofthetwocrystalsisshowninfigure5 .Theincreasedperspective( F O V )isevident onthedieinthebackgroundof figure5 ,wherethesideofthediewiththethreeisvisibleatoneedgeoftheF O V ,asshowninfigure5 a; while attheotheredgeoftheF O V ,thesideofthediewiththesix isclearlyvisible,asshowninfigure5 b.W emeasuredtheFOVof thehologrampre-sentedinfigure 5 tobe-30byrotatingthecameraonapivotarmthatwascenteredattheimageplane.ThehologramisclearlyvisiblethroughtheentireF O V ;however,therewasabright stripoflight thatappearedduetoscattering whentheviewinganglepassedthroughtheintersectionwherethetwocrystalswereattached bydouble-sidedtape.Usingequations(8 )and(9) ,wecalculatedthemaximumFOVtobe-44,whereLc= 40 mm,d = 45 mm, p = 2 0,ands=3mm.Aspreviouslystated,theFOVwaslim-itedbecausethereadbeamdidnotfilltheentirecrystal.ThemaximumpossibleFOVisdesiredsothattheimagesaremorerealistic.W e would alsoliketodisplaytheholograminsuchamediumthattheim-agecouldbeviewedatdifferentangles.Ascatteringliquidwastested,butprovedineffectivesincetheperspectivewaslost,andonlya2-Dimagewasvisible.

Figure5.Hologramstoredinamosaic oftw oCe-dopedS B N : 6 0 photorefractivecrystalswithanF O V of-30.

(b )

8


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3.2 ImageStoragePresently,muchresearchisfocusedonstudyingholographicstorageinphotorefractivecrystalsviaangular[7],wavelength[8],andelectric-field[9 ]multiplexing;however,theseimagesaregenerally2 - D .W ehavestoredmultiple3-Dhologramsinthephotorefractivecrystalviawavelengthmul-tiplexing.Theexperimentalsetupusedtostudy wavelengthmultiplexingishownnigure .However,hewritingbeamsoriginatedromanargon-ionlaserthatwasoperatinginamultilineconfiguration.Also,theDPPCMwasnot used.The readbeamwasgeneratedfromasecondargon-ionlaserrunninginasingle-lineconfiguration.Severalhologramswerewritten simultaneouslyatthelasingwavelengthsoftheargon-ionlaser.Therelativepowersoftheprimarylasingwavelengthsusedtorecordthehologramsarelistedintable1 .W ereadtheindividualhologramsbytun-ingtheread beamtoaparticularwavelength.Therelativepowersofthereadbeamusedoeconstructindividualhologramsarealsoistedntable1 .Thehologramswereclearlyvisibleateachwavelength.Bandpassfilterswereusedtoshieldunwantedscatteredlightfromwriting-beamwave-lengthsthatwerenotbeingread.W everifiedthethree-dimensionalityofthehologrambydemonstratingparallax,aspreviouslyshowninfigures3and 5 .Permanentstorageofholographicimagesinphotorefractivecrystalsisof -tenobtained byelectrical[ 1 0 ]orthermal[ 1 1 ]fixingofthegratingsorbyperiodicrefreshing[ 1 2 ] .However,wehavefoundthat thehologramsper-sistwithoutany externalfixing mechanisms.To studythiseffect,weusedtheexperimentalsetupshowninfigure2 withthefollowingchanges:thebeamsplitterwasremovedsothattheimagewasviewedinthe sameplaneas theobject, and theDPPCM wasnot used.Thereadbeamwasblockedwhilethehologramwasrecordedfor approxi-mately minat powerof 5mW.Next,heecordingbeamswereblocked,andtheobject,adime,wasremovedsothattheholographicim-agecouldbeviewed.Thehologramwasreconstructedwithaweakerreadbeamof-0.8mW.Thehologram wasquitebright,withadiffractioneffi-ciencyof 3percent,andpersistedduringeadoutorapproximately3 0minwithoutanyapparentdegradation.Theholograms'longstoragetimes,achievedwithoutanyexternalixingmechanisms,couldhavearisenfromself-enhancement[13].

Table1 .Relativepowers ofwritingandreadingbeams usedto studywavelengthmultiplexinginS B N .

Wavelength Relativebeampower(run) Writing Reading 476.5 0. 2 9 1 48 8 0.76 1 496.5 0. 2 9 0.33 5 0 1 . 7 0. 1 8 0.33 514.5 1 1


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A hologramwasls oecordednaphotorefractivetoragecrystalor~ 5min;then,itwasplacedin asealed,darkbo xfo rthreedays,theholo-gramwasreconstructedafterthreedayswitha readbeamof -1.7mW ,andthehologramwasstillquitebright.Sinceexternallightwillslowlyerasethegratingnhecrystal,weurned fftheoomightsduringthesemeasurements.

1 0


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4. ConclusionsA simplemethodfo rrecordingareal-time,3-D hologramusingS B N hasbeendemonstrated.The3-D hologramisarealisticimagethatca nbe viewedover argeO V .AD P P C Mwasusedoproduce phase-conjugatereadbeaminorderto viewthehologramoverthemaximumperspective( F O V ) .WefurtherincreasedtheF O V of thehologrambystor-ingtheholograminamosaicoftwoS B Ncrystals.Multiple3-D imageshavebeenstoredandreadout of thecrystalvi awavelengthmultiplexing.Thehologramswerealsonotedtopersistwithoutanyexternalfixingmechanisms.Duringreadout,thehologramspersisted fo r hours.W h e n thephotorefractivestoragecrystalwaskeptin adarkenvironment,th eholo-grams persisted fo rdays.

AcknowledgementsTheprincipalauthorisonafellowshipappointmentfromtheAmericanSociety for EngineeringEducation, Washington,D C ,fo r th e U.S.ArmyRe-searchLaboratory.TheauthorswishtothankR.R.Neurgaonkarfrom RockwellInternationalScienceCenter,ThousandO a k s ,C A ,fo rsupplyingthephotorefractivecrystals.

1 1


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DistributionAdmnstrDefnsTechlInfoCtrAttn D T I C - O C P8725 John J KingmanR dS te0944F TBelvoir V A 2 2 0 6 0 - 6 2 1 8O fcof theD ir RsrchandEngrgAttnRM e n zPentagonR m 3E1089 WashingtonD C 20301-3080 O fcoftheSecyof DefnsAttn O D D R E(R&AT)G ingleyAttnO D D R E(R&AT) GontarekT hePentagonWashingtonD C 2 03 01-3 080O S D A t t n O U S D ( A & T ) / O D D D R & E ( R )RTruWashingtonD C2 03 01-7 100 C E C O M AttnP M GPSC O LSYoungF T MonmouthN J07703C E C O M RDECElectSystem D ivD ir AttnJNiemelaFT Monmouth N J 07703C E C O M S p& TerrestrialCommentD iv AttnA MSEL-RD-ST-MC-MH oicherFTMonmouth N J 07703-5203 D irof Assessmentand EvalAttn S A R D - Z DHK allin Jr1 03ArmyPentagonR m 2E673WashingtonD C 2 0 3 0 1 - 0 1 6 3Hdqtrs Dept of th eArmyAttnDAMO-FDTDSchmidt40 0 ArmyPentagonR m 3 C 5 1 4WashingtonD C 2 03 01-0460M I C O M RDEC AttnA M S M I - R DW CMcCorkle RedstoneArsenalA L 35898-5240U SArmyAvn Rsrch,Dev,& EngrgC tr AttnTLHouse4300GoodfellowBlvdS tLouisM O 63 12 0-17 98

U S Army CECOM Rsrch,Dev,&EngrgC tr AttnRFGiordanoF TMonmouth N J 07703-5201 U S ArmyEdgewoodRsrch,Dev,& Engrg C tr AttnS CBRD-TD VenderAberdeenProvingGroundM D 2 1 0 1 0 - 5 4 2 3U SArmy InfoS ysEngrgCmndA t t n A S Q B - O T D eniaF THuachucaA Z856 13-530 0U S ArmyMaterielS ys Analysis AgencyA t t n A M X S Y - D McCarthy AberdeenProvingGround M D 210 0 5-50 71 U S ArmyM a t lCmndDptyC Gfo r RD E HdqtrsAttnAMCRDB GBeauchamp50 0 1EisenhowerA ve AlexandriaV A 22333-0001 U S ArmyMatlCmndPrinDptyfo rAcquisition HdqrtsAttnAMCDCG-ADAdams5001 EisenhowerA ve AlexandriaV A 22333-0001 U S ArmyM a t lCmndPrinDptyfo r Techlgy HdqrtsAttnAMCDCG-TM isette5001 EisenhowerA ve AlexandriaV A 22333-0001 U S ArmyNatick Rsrch,Dev,&EngrgCtrActing Techl D ir AttnSSCNC-T BrandlerNatickM A 017 60-5 002 U S ArmyRsrchO fcAttnGafrate4300S M i a m iBlvdResearchTriangle ParkN C 27709 U SArmySimulation,Train,& InstrmntnCmndAttnJ tahl1 2 3 5 0ResearchParkwayOrlandoFL32826-3726

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Distribution(cont'd)USArmyTank-Automotive& ArmamentsCmndVetronicsTechlCtrAttnAMSTA-TR-RGMBochenekMS2 6 4Attn AMSTA-AR-TDCSpinelliBldg1 Attn AMSTA-TA ChapinWarren Mi4 8 39 7-50 0 0 USArmyTest& Eval CmndAttnRGPollardIIIAberdeenProvingGround MD2 1 0 0 5 - 5 0 5 5 USArmyTrain& Doctrine CmndBattleLabIntegration& TechlDirctrtAttnATCD-BJAKleveczF TMonroeVA2 3 6 5 1 - 5 8 5 0 USMilitaryAcademyDeptofMathematicalS ei AttnMAJDEngenWestPointNY1 0 9 9 6 USAASAAttnMOAS-AIWParron9 3 2 5 GunstonRdSteN319F TBelvoir VA 2 2 0 6 0 - 5 5 8 2 NavSurfaceWarfareCtrAttnCodeB 0 7 Pennella1 7 3 2 0DahlgrenRdBldg1 4 70Rm1 1 0 1 DahlgrenVA2 2 4 4 8 - 5 1 0 0 GPSJointProg OfcDirAttn COLJClay2 43 5 VelaWaySte1 6 1 3 LosAngelesA F B CA 9 0 2 4 5 - 5 5 0 0Special AssisttotheWingCmndrAttn50SW/CCXCaptPHBernstein3 0 0 O'MalleyAveSte2 0 FalconA F B CO8 0 9 1 2 - 3 0 2 0 DARPAAttnBKasparAttnLStotts370 1 NFairfaxDrArlington VA 2 2 2 0 3 - 1 7 1 4

ARLElectromagGroupAttnCampus MailCodeF 0 2 5 0ATuckerUniversityofTexasAustinTX7 87 1 2 UnivofArkansasDept of PhysicsAttnGSalamoFayettevilleAR 7 2 7 0 1 DirforMANPRINTOfcofthe DeputyChiefofStaffforPrsnnlArtnJHillerThePentagonRm2 C 7 3 3 WashingtonDC2 0 3 0 1 - 0 3 0 0 Natl S ei FoundationAttnRJAnderson4 2 0 1 WilsonBlvd Ste87 5 ArlingtonVA2 2 2 3 0 PalisadesInstitforRsrchSvcIncAttnECarr1 74 5JeffersonDavis HwySte5 0 0 ArlingtonVA2 2 2 0 2 - 3 4 0 2USArmyRsrch LabAttnAMSRL-SE-EOBZandiBldg3 5 7 F TBelvoirVA2 2 0 6 0USArmyRsrch LabAttnJZavadaPOB ox1 2 2 1 1 ResearchTriangleParkNC2 7 7 0 9 - 2 2 1 1 USArmyRsrchLabAttnAMSRL-CI-LL TechlLib(3 copies)AttnAMSRL-CS-AL-TAMail& Records

MgmtAttnAMSRL-CS-AL-TPTechlPub(3 copies)AttnAMSRL-SE-EOALeeAttnAMSRL-SE-EOAMottAttnAMSRL-SE-EOBKetchelAttnAMSRL-SE-EOCHeid(2 0 copies)AttnAMSRL-SE-EOCWalkerAttnAMSRL-SE-EODChiu

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Distributioncont'd)U SArmyRsrchLa bAttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO AttnAMSRL-SE-EO

(cont'd)DMackieDMortonDPratherDRobertsonDmithDWilmotGDauntGEuliss GWoodJGoffJLi uJM a i tJPellegrino JV an der GrachtKBennettLHarrison

U S ArmyRsrch Lab(cont'd)AttnAMSRL-SE-EOLMerkleAttnAMSRL-SE-EOM erryAttnAMSRL-SE-EOMMillerAttnAMSRL-SE-EONDharAttnAMSRL-SE-EONGuptaAttnAMSRL-SE-EO BrodyAttnAMSRL-SE-EO TaylorAttnAMSRL-SE-EORDahmaniAttnAMSRL-SE-EO BlomquistAttnAMSRL-SE-EO arama AttnAMSRL-SE-EOTTayagAttnAMSRL-SE-EOTW o n g AttnAMSRL-SE-EOWClark AttnAMSRL-SE-EOHPollehnAdelphiM D 2 07 83 -1197

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REPORTDOCUMENTATIONPAGE Form ApprovedOMBNo.0704-0188Publicreportingburdenfor thiscollection ofinformationisestimatedtoaverage hourper response,includingthetimefor reviewinginstructions,searchingexistingdatasources,gatheringand maintainingthedataneeded,and completingand reviewingthecollectionofinformation.Sendcommentsregardingthisburdenestimateor anyotheraspectofthiscollection ofinformation,ncludingsuggestionsfor reducing thisburden,toWashingtonHeadquartersServices,DirectorateforInformationOperationsand Reports,1215 JeffersonDavisHighway,Suite1204 ,Arlington,VA 2202-4302,and totheOfficeofManagementand Budget,PaperworkReductionProject(0704-0188),Washington,DC 20503.1. AGENCYUSEONLYLeaveblank) 2.REPORTDATE

February19983.REPORTTYPE AN DDATESCOVEREDProgress,fromNov.1996toAug.1997

4.TITLEAN DSUBTITLE 3-DHolographicDisplayUsingStrontiumBariumNiobate 5.FUNDING NUMBERS PE:611102A

6. AUTHOR(S) ChristyA.Heid,BrianP.Ketchel,GaryL.Wood(ARL),RichardJ .Anderson(NationalScienceFoundation),andGregory J .Salamo(UniversityofArkansas)

7.PERFORMINGORGANIZATIONNAME(S)AN DADDRESS(ES) U.S.ArmyResearchLaboratoryAttn:AMSRL-SE-EO(e-mail:[email protected])2800PowderMillRoadAdelphi,MD20783-1197

8. PERFORMINGORGANIZATIONREPORTNUMBER ARL-TR-1520

9.SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCY NAME(S)AN DADDRESS(ES) U.S.ArmyResearchLaboratory2800PowderMillRoadAdelphi,MD20783-1197

10 .SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCYREPORTNUMBER

11 .SUPPLEMENTARYNOTESAMScode:611102.H44ARL PR:8NE3AA12a .DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approvedforpublicrelease;distributionunlimited.

12b.DISTRIBUTION CODE

13 .ABSTRACTMaximum 20 0words)Annnovativetechniqueforgeneratingathree-dimensionalholographicdisplayusingstrontium

bariumniobate(SBN)sdiscussed.Theresultantimagesahologramthatcanbe viewednrealtimeoverawideperspectiveorfieldofview(FOV).Theholographicimagesfreefromsystem-inducedaberrationsandhasauniform,highqualityovertheentireFOV.Theenhancedimagequalityresultsfromusingaphase-conjugatereadbeamgeneratedfromasecondphotorefractivecrystalactingasadouble-pumpedphase-conjugatemirror(DPPCM).Multiplethree-dimensionalimageshavebeen storednthecrystalviawavelengthmultiplexing.

14 .SUBJECTTERMSHologram,3-Ddisplay,photorefraction,phase-conjugatemirror

15 .NUMBEROF PAGES 23 16 .PRICECODE

17 .SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OF REPORTUnclassified

18 .SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEUnclassified

19 .SECURITYCLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACTUnclassified20 .LIMITATIONOF ABSTRACTUL

NS N7540-01-280-5500 StandardForm29 8 (Rev.2-89)Prescribed byANSIStd.Z39-1B 298- 102 rj

3D holographic Display Using Strontium Barium Niobate

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