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3D CITY MODELS-J.PRAGNYA

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Applications of 3D city models

Literature review

Case studies

Summary

References

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INTRODUCTION

3D City Models (3DCM)  are digital representations of the Earth’s surface

and related objects belonging to urban areas (like cities, factories,

buildings etc.).

The need for 3D city model is growing and expanding rapidly in many fields.

3D city models make it easier for people to understand the spatial properties

of urban objects.

The contents of 3D city model mainly include Digital Terrain Model (DTM),

sites (e.g., buildings and bridges), transportation objects (e.g., street and

railway), vegetation, water bodies, and so on.

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Figure1. A gallery of 3D city models

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APPLICATIONS OF 3DCM

Figure 2: Applications of 3DCM

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Literature review

Ran Chen(2011) :

The advantages of 3DCM over 2DCM.

Used Arc GIS for 3DCM.

HafenCity, Hamburg in Germany was been modelled.

Fanlin Yang, Litao Han(2012):

Integrated SketchUp and ArcGIS for 3D city modeling and scene

management.

Modelled for a factory in Jiangsu Province.

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Abdelkader E.G (2013): Investigated the necessity of detailed surface representation in order to generate

a feasible platform for the detailed simulation of urban modeling. Historic Medina of Fez , Morocco was been 3D modelled.

Abdulla (2014): Used the concept of 3D GIS modeling techniques to generate a university

campus model (real 3D GIS model) by using Arc scene. 3D modelled for Al-Bayt University in Jordan. The 3DCM generated was proved to be effective use in the decision making

process to communicate ideas very quickly and which help to make better decisions.

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Surendra, Kamal Jain & Ravibabu (2014) :

3D modelled using the image based data.

3D modelled the Civil engineering Department of IIT Roorkee.

The image based method was proved to be very easy and also very suitable for

3D modeling of an urban area. Cost and Time is main advantages of this

method.

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Case study 1

Sivasamy M, et. al., (2012):

Objective of this case study:

To map the urban area in 2D from various sources and to visualize them in

3D along with various information related to that particular building.

To create a database for the study area from various sources.

To create the 3D urban city model.

Study area: Vadaj, Ahmadabad. The study area is located at 23°02N 72°35E.

Software Used: Arc GIS version 9.3.

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Figure3. Study area

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Methodology

Figure 4: Methodology adopted

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Results

Figure5: Building wise land use

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Figure6: Plot & building wise land use

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Figure7: Plot wise land use

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Virtual City Model built using advanced GIS techniques gave the better visualization of urban areas.

The average elevation of the area was identified as 53 metres. 3DCM provided the information about urban land use to local

communities more precisely. This application enables users to visualize complicated urban planning

information in 3D way, to evaluate allowable capacity of block and to simulate building plans.

With visualization and analysis capability, 3DCM is considered as a powerful tool to solve various issues which modern cities confront.

Classification of urban structures into different classes depending upon their usage type in 3D model (Virtual City) is additional feature of this model.

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Case study 2

Sagar Mali et. al., (2012):

Objective of this case study :

To create the 3d city model for urban planning and development.

To assess the utility infrastructure of Dahisar region of Mumbai city by

developing utility information system (UIS).

Study area:

Mumbai city is the ‘Economical Capital’ of India. The study area is a part of

Dahisar region which is located towards northern side of Mumbai. The study

area covers 376011.16 sq. m area and located between 19° 15’ North to 19°

15’ 20” North Latitude and 72° 51’ 40” East to 72° 52’ East Longitude.

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Figure8:Location map of the study area.

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Methodology adopted

Figure9: Methodology adopted

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Results

3D City model:

The vertical growth map was

created to classify various

buildings according to their

height, the minimum

elevation of a building is 4.5

m and maximum is 60.5 m.

The analysis reveals that 10

per cent buildings are

between 10 to 15 m height.

Figure 10: 3DCM in Arc scene

Figure11: Vertical growth distribution

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Assessment of Urban Utility Information:

By joining spatial and non-spatial data like utility information it is was easy to identify

the locations of various utilities like hospitals, schools, banks, petrol pump, ATM

centers, public toilets,etc.

Each utility centre provides facilities to surrounding area which comes under its service

zone. In study region, two hospitals are available for providing health facility.

With respect to school facility, there are four schools in Dahisar area. A buffer zone of

200 m has been created from the school location. The analysis shows that 52% area

has only one school facility, 22.5% area has dual source and 0.5% area has got

maximum school facility from three sources.

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Figure12: Facility zones

22TIN MAP :

TIN model of the study region

has been generated to study

surface topography of the area.

The analysis shows that

elevation increases from north

to south and the average height

of this area is 10 m.

Figure13:TIN model

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SUMMARY

3DCM evaluates the urban space efficiently and provides the information

about urban planning to local communities.

With visualization and analysis capability, 3DCM is considered a powerful

tool to solve various issues which modern cities confront.

The 3D city models are used for engineering and non-engineering

purposes.

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REFERENCES

Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Hussain Attya and Sven Knutsson, “GIS Applications for Building 3D Campus, Utilities and Implementation Mapping Aspects for University Planning Purposes,” Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Jan. 2014, Volume 8, No. 1 (Serial No. 74), pp. 19-28.

Abdelkader El Garouani, Abdalla Alobeid, “Digital Surface Model generation for 3D City Modeling (Fez, Morocco),” presented the paper in Eighth National GIS Symposium in Saudi Arabia – April 15-17, 2013, Dammam.

Amat Nor Ainah, Setan Halim and Majid Zulkepli,,“Integration of aerial and close range Photogrammetric methods for 3D City modeling generation”, Geoinformation Science Journal,2010, Vol. 10, No. 1, 49-60.

Fanlin Yang, Litao Han, “A New Method for Rapidly Modeling and Managing 3D City Scene,” 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE) , 978-1-4673-0875-5/12/2012.

Jianjun Li, Bohua Ying, Weili Yang, Zhuanxia Ning; Wenjing Cui, “The Application of ArcGIS and SketchUp in the Virtual Campus Construction,” International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT) ,978-1-61284-774-0/11/2011.

Kobayashi.Y, Photogrammetry and 3D city modelling, “Digital architecture and planning” 2006, School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Arizona State University, USA.

Paul Rajesh, Subramanian Siva, and Bharadwaj Shalabh, “Creation of Digital City Models Using Single High Resolution Satellite Image”, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing, April 2006, 341-342.

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Ran Chen, “The Development of 3D City Model and Its Applications in Urban Planning,” Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics,978-1-61284-848-8/11/2011.

Sagar Mali, Sachin Panhalkar, C. Pawar & Sandipan Das, “Generation of 3-D City Model for Urban Utility Information System Using Digital Photogrammetry & GIS Technology,” Global Journal of Researches in General Engineering, Volume 12 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2012 .

Surendra Pal Singh, Kamal Jain & V. Ravibabu Mandla, “Image based Virtual 3D Campus modeling by using City Engine (civil engineering department, IIT Roorkee),” American Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Research,Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2014, PP: 1 - 10, ISSN: 2327 – 8269.

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THANK YOU