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UNITROL 5000

Excitation Systems for Medium and Large

Synchronous Machines

Copyright 2000 Photodisc, Inc. 275 371

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UNITROL 5000 System Overview

Page 2

The UNITROL 5000 is the most powerful product in the ABB SwitzerlandUNITROL series of excitation systems. The microprocessor-based voltageregulator uses the latest available technology. The development is basedon more than 40 years experience with semiconductor voltage regulators

and more than 15 years experience with microprocessor technology forthis application.

Application areas

Static Excitation Systems (SES) for50 Hz, 60 Hz or 16 2/3Hz power supply

with field currents from 1000 ADC tomore than 10,000 ADC

Automatic Voltage Regulating Systems

(AVR) for exciter machines with specialfunctions, supply frequencies from16 2/3Hz to 400 Hz.

Regulator highlights

Additional regulator redundancy Dual-channel system with backup

current regulator

Digital input processing

Three-phase voltage measurement Three-phase current measurement

Digital processing of the input valueswith a signal processor

Additional functions

Software solutions only withoutadditional hardware

Additional inputs and outputs

Easy to extend to the required numberwith ARCnet devices

Digital and analog

Event and error log

With real-time stamp

Remote interrogation possible.

Power section highlights

Power converter redundancy

Up to a maximum of eight parallelpower converters are possible

Power converter redundancy is com-pletely independent of the regulatorconfiguration

Intelligent power converterelectronics

Active equalization of the currentbetween the power converters

4-quadrant operation (negativeexcitation current is possible)

Thyristor current monitoring Fan control and monitoring Monitoring of fuses, power converter

temperature and cooling-air flow Bridge current display.

Communication with the

system

The most frequently used protocolsfor higher level control systems aresupported

A second control panel in the controlroom is possible, up to a maximumdistance of several 100 m

Remote diagnostics by an ABB serviceoffice is available via Internet using

the PC software AVRview.

Fig. 1:

The UNITROL 5000 has

a modular structure of

the function units

Voltage

regulator

AC field

breaker

Power converter

units

Field flashing,

Crowbar275 535

ABB

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UNITROL 5000 System Configuration

Page 3

The UNITROL 5000 is designed as a modularbuilding-block system. Morethan 80 % of all systems can be made from type-tested system components.This guarantees higher quality and makes shorter delivery times possible.The power section consists of one or more thyristor power converters, field

breaker on the AC or DC side, the field flashing circuit and the solid statede-excitation system with Crowbar.

Fig 2: The standard configurations of the voltage regulator

section and power converter units can be combined at

will, e.g. S5T, D5E, A5S, Q5T

Less wiring thanks to the internal

ARCnet field bus

The exchange of data within the system,e.g. between the voltage regulator, powercomponents and interface devices takesplace via the serial ARCnet bus.

Additional interfaces or control panels canbe located and operated up to a distanceof several 1000 m via an optical link.

Powerful and reliable power

converters

Either compact power converters of theDCS 500 series or typeUNL 13300 orVerithyrpower converters are used forthe UNITROL 5000. The type and thenumber of parallel power converters are

based on the required field current, theceiling voltage and the maximum duty-cycle required by the customer.

The following options are available:

Natural or forced cooling Redundant fans Possibility to do maintenance work

on one power converter during theoperation of the system (with 5-poleisolator).

Equal distribution of the currentbetween several power

converters

For the first time for parallel power con-verters, a new ABB development offersregulated distribution of the total cur-rent between the active units. This canprevent the overloading of individualthyristor branches due to unsymmetricalcurrent flows and significantly reduces theprobability of a failure of the individual

power converters (see Fig. 3 on page 5).

AVR

AVR

AVR1

AVR2

BFCR

AVR1

BFCR

AVR2

BFCR

S 5 _

D 5 _

A 5 _

Q 5 _

_ _ E

_ _ T

_ _ S

AVR: Voltage regulator (AUTO) with field current

regulator (MAN)

BFCR: Backup-field current regulator

High availability due to the additional

backup current regulator

To further increase the availability of the excitationsystem, in addition to the voltage regulator (AUTO)and the excitation current regulator (MAN), anindependent current regulator(separate device

with power supply, measurement and gate controlcircuits) can be used. Because of the follow-upcontrol for all the inactive regulators, in the case offailure of the active regulator a smooth switch-overto a ready-to-operate regulator channel is guaran-teed.

ABB

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UNITROL 5000 Software Functionality

The well-structured software of the standard program already offers most ofthe regulation, protection and monitoring functions required for the secureoperation of the excitation system and comprehensive event and datalogging for diagnostics and service.

Page 4

Functionality of the standard

program

This comprises the following excitationspecific functions:

Regulator functions

Voltage regulator with PID filter(AUTO operating mode)

Field current regulator with PI filter

(MAN operating mode) Reactive load and/or active load

droop/compensation Limiters for:

maximum and minimum field current maximum stator current (lead / lag) P/Q underexcitation Volts-per-Hertz characteristic

Follow-up control CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2 (for

dual automatic channel systems) active CHANNEL BACKUP

(for systems with backup regulator) operating mode AUTO MAN

Power factor / reactive load regulation MANUAL restrict Power system stabilizer (option)

conventional in accordance withIEEE - PSS2A

Adaptive power system stabilizer Multiband power system stabilizer.

Protection and monitoring functions

Field flashing time Overcurrent protection

(instantaneous / inverse time) Volts-per-Hertz protection Loss of excitation protection Power converter temperature Rotor temperature Rotating diodes monitoring Thyristor conduction monitoring Power converter fuses monitoring Power converter fans monitoring

Measuring circuit supervision.

Monitoring and protection functions areclassified in three different action levels:

Fault display only Switch-over to the second channel or

to the backup regulator (if provided)or use of the available power con-

verter redundancy Instantaneous excitation trip for pro-

tection purposes.

Control functions

All standard excitation sequences andinterlocks are software-based with fixedpre-programmed function blocks.

They can be extended with freely pro-grammable function blocks by the user.

Data recording

The UNITROL 5000 software has an

event recorder(fault logger), that canrecord up to 100 events and alarms withreal-time stamp. The logs are read andanalyzed with the control panel or theCMT software.

Up to six measurement signals can berecorded in real-time with the datarecorder(data logger). These can bedisplayed graphically in the CMT soft-

ware trend window for diagnostic pur-poses.

Monitoring of the processor

Self check

After the power supply is switched on,the processor starts a self-check. Theprocessor also monitors the variouspower supply voltages.

Program execution monitoring

The processor card has an internalwatchdog function, which monitors the

correct execution of the program.

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UNITROL 5000 Additional Software Functions

Page 5

Application function blocks

In addition to the standard softwarefunctions, further universally applicablefunction blocks of various kinds areavailable for the application program.These are tested application proceduressuch as input/output extensions, specificmonitoring functions, etc.

Power System Stabilizer (PSS)

The purpose of the power system stabi-lizer is to improve the stability of thegenerator and the transmission systemas a whole by using the excitation todamp load oscillations. The PSS operatesby influencing the input of the voltageregulator extremely effective withstatic excitation systems, but also effectivefor systems with rotating exciter.

ABB offers three different types ofpower system stabilizer:

PSS in accordance with IEEE

For the stabilizer in accordance withIEEE - PSS2A, fixed parameters take careof optimum damping with adjustablelead/lag filters. To determine theseparameters ABB has calculation softwarethat takes account of the generator andexcitation system data, as well as thetransformer and network reactances.

Adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS)

The adaptive power system stabilizerworks with variable parameters that areset by continuous calculation of the

working point and the current state ofthe power system. For the UNITROL 5000no additional hardware is necessary contrary to the UNITROL P system.

Multiband power system stabilizer

(MBPSS)

Instead of a single lead/lag filter theMBPSS has three individually adjustable

working bands, in order to ensure effec-tive working over the complete frequencyrange of typically 0.05 4.0 Hz. Thethree bands are designed to damp theelectromechanical oscillations at low,medium and high frequencies.

Rotating diodes monitoring

With this addition, short circuits or opencircuits in the branches of a rotatingrectifier that is used in brushless systemsare detected over a wide range of rota-tional speeds.

A software monitoring function calculatesthe harmonics of the excitation machinefrequency from the excitation currentsignal. Depending on the amplitude inrelation to the excitation current, it ispossible to distinguish between a shortcircuit and an open circuit in the branch. Fig. 3:

Current equalization

between several

UNITROL 5000 power

converters

The characteristics of the excitation system can be adapted by bothextending the application program and with optional softwarefunctions, in order to optimally match the system to the customersrequirements.

+

R

S

T

1 2 n

}

t

}

t

}

t

Thyristor firing pulses from AVR

Current equalizing line

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UNITROL 5000 System Communications

Communication with the system

The service panel SPA is connected tothe system via an RS485 interface. Thefour-line display shows system functions,system parameters, measured values,alarms etc. in clear text form. The excita-tion system can be controlled with thepush-buttons.

The control panel LCP(optional for

smaller excitation systems) can be usedfor local or remote control is connectedvia the ARCnet bus. The LCP is for thecontrol of the system, the display ofactual values and events.

Optical link for commissioning

and service

The UNITROL 5000 system can be con-nected to a PC with the CMT softwareinstalled via an optical link. This ensuresa fast and secure communication withthe excitation system.

Fig. 4:

Communication levels

for the user friendly

control and monitoring

of the UNITROL 5000

system

Integration in higher hierarchical

control systems

Communication with higher hierarchicalcontrol systems is possible with theappropriate bus coupler that is connectedto the DDCS interface (via an opticallink).

The following standard protocols aresupported for control and data transfer:

MODBUS MODBUS+ Profibus.

Today, simple and user-friendly commissioning and operation are asimportant as the easy integration in higher hierarchical control systems.UNITROL 5000 offers several types of human machine interfaces, andalso various bus couplers for higher hierarchical control systems.

DDCS

ARCnet

Ethernet

RS485

CIN CIN. . .

LANTCP/IP

#

#

Modbus, Modbus+,

Profibus etc.

LAN

ENTER

ACT PARCOMSEL

FUNC

REM

RESET R E FLOC

0I

UNITROL R

CH2

Nxxx

Internet

Firewall

Firewall

SPA

LCP

LCP

Excitationsystem

Power

plant

Remote

Diagnostics

CIN: Power converter electronics

I/Ointernal

Digital/analoginputs/outputs

Voltage

regulator

ABB

Remote diagnostics

If the excitation system is equippedwith the optional remote diagnosticsfunction, ABB service personnel can,

with the customers permission, accessthe system via the internet.

For further details, please refer to thelast page of this brochure.

AVRview

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The same software tools that were used for the UNITROL F system are usedfor the UNITROL 5000 system. These are the GAD tool and the CMT tool. Bothhave proved themselves as outstanding software tools for these applications.

Software Tools for Commissioning and Maintenance

Fig. 5:

Display of signal trends

with CMT

Fig. 6 (below):

Display of application

programs and

parameter values with

CMT

Engineering software GAD

Graphical Application Designer (GAD)is a PC software tool for applicationprogramming. The tool has the follow-ing characteristics:

Application programming for extend-ing the standard functions

Graphic editor to create and modifythe program documentation

User defined layout of the documents

Possibility to create new documenta-tion symbols.

The application programs created withthe GAD software are loaded in theregulator module with the CMT.

Commissioning and

Maintenance Tool (CMT)

With this software, modifications aremade to the application program, thesystem functions are monitored andparameter values are changed. Theprogram has a screen display, with

which the system can be controlled andthe status monitored. It has the follow-ing functions:

Trending display

With this window (Fig. 5), up to sixanalog signals can be shown in real-

time environment (Trending) All the signals available in the systemare selectable for this display

User friendly menu for selecting thesignals, including all parameters forscaling and offsets.

Application program display

Display of the application program(Fig. 6), created with the GAD soft-

ware Display of actual values of selected

points in this display.

Page 7

Parameter and signal display window

Display and changing of parametersor signals in table form

Each parameter or signal can be as-signed to a parameter or signal groupthat can then be selected and processedas a group.

Other display windows

Event log display, shows the last 100events and alarms in chronologicalorder (Faults)

Display of the data recorded (DLog),six channels, each with up to 1000data points).

ABB

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3B

HT

490

300

R0201

PrintedinSwitzerland(0306-PDF)

We reserve the right to change in the interest of technical development.

For more information about

UNITROL please visit our website

www.abb.com / unitrol

ABB Switzerland Ltd

Static Excitation Systems, Voltage Regulators

and Synchronizing Equipment

CH-5300 Turgi / Switzerland

Telephone: +41 (0) 58 589 24 86

Fax: +41 (0) 58 589 23 33

Email: pes@ch.abb.com

Internet: www.abb.com / unitrol

AVRview Remote diagnostics for UNITROL 5000

If a problem occurs with your UNITROL 5000 excitation system, youcan obtain help quickly and economically with remote diagnostics.The possibilities of remote troubleshooting and rectification offaults saves travel and accommodation costs.

In order to use the remote diagnosticsoption, the customer needs to plug in anadditional board (CAP) for each voltageregulator channel. An RJ45 socket isused for connection, via an Ethernetcable, with the local network (LAN) or

via an Ethernet Router and a modemwith the telephone network. A direct

connection between CAP and PC viaEthernet cable is also possible.

Not only all important signals and para-meters values, but also the data and eventloggers are available for data exchange. Comfortable AVRview

AVRview is the user interface for remotediagnosticss for Microsoft Windows 2000 andsupports the following functions:

Display of operating status Display of signals and parameters Changing of parameters

Download and display ofEvent Logger entries (Automatic) download and editing of

the Data Logger contents Setting of the real-time clock and

Data Logger functions.

AVRview makes remote diagnostics assimple as on-site service. Support ofcustomers in case of system disturbances,problem analysis, fault rectification andoptimization can be carried out via theInternet it makes no difference where

the UNITROL 5000 is located!

Combination of hardware and software

Fig. 7: The status display provides the most important information

on the operating status of the excitation system

Fig. 8: In the selection window (above), any signals can be

selected for a general overview; the data logger

window represents stored signals graphically

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