390 33 Powerpoint Slides 8 Building Advanced Vocabulary Chapter 8
Transcript of 390 33 Powerpoint Slides 8 Building Advanced Vocabulary Chapter 8
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COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Sanjay Kumar, Currently Associate Professor of
English at JK Lakshmipat University (JKLU), Jaipur
Pushp Lata, Currently Head, Department of Languages,
BITS, Pilani
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Chapter: 8
Building Advanced Vocabulary
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To understand importance of good vocabularyTo know the various ways to learn new words learn a largenumber of words through their roots, prefixes, suffixes, synonyms,and antonyms
To know how words can be learnt within a context by workingout some situations
To develop technical words by using them in appropriatesentences
To use phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions in an apt manner
To learn one-word substitution, homonyms, homophones, andeponyms
To differentiate between the words that are generally confused
Learning Objectives
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For every single idea , belief , emotion and sentiment we needwords.
Without words we are dumb and inexpressive like animals
At Professional front :
Our credential is our ability to use words-powerful words Also appropriate usage for good communication
Words
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Example
Ashish: What did he look like? Was he really good-looking?
Preeti: Not really! In fact, he appeared so lanky and enervated
that he even seemed gauche and emaciated.
Ashish: And even then you appreciate him so much?
Preeti: Appreciate? I feel I have started adoring that person.Ashish: He was so good? Was it only his manner that impressed
you?
Preeti: Oh no! Even the matter was quite profound. It was a
perfect blend of matter and manner, a mesmerizing mix of what
he said and how he said it.
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Meaning of the Words by Finding
Them in Other Contexts
In his earlier movies, the star appeared to be quite lanky.
His enervated face told me that he had not been keeping well.
Wilber never knew how to be graceful and always remainedgauche and clumsy.
The patient whom they brought on the wheelchair appearedquite emaciated and sick.
In times of corruption, we not only love but also adore thosewho do their duties properly.
The hungry dog pounced upon the porridge.
With profound grief, we have to announce that he is no more.
The dancer gave a mesmerizing performance.
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True or False
A lanky person is lean and thin.
An enervated body is quite supple and healthy.
If someone considers you gauche, they consider you clumsy andawkward.
An emaciated person appears sturdy and well built.
When you adore someone, you like them to the extent ofworshipping them.
When you pounce on food, you are usually quite hungry.
Something profound is superficial and non-serious.
A mesmerizing performance is quite captivating.
Note:When you see a word in different contexts and
associations, your affinity with it is likely to grow.
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A simple way to define, understand, and utilize a word is by
coming to know its formation-
The root that it comes from .
Prefixes and suffixes that change not only the shape of a
word but also its shade and meaning.
Word Formation
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Roots
Knowing the meaning of roots helps us to deduce thwmeaning of words encountered.
But words with same root may have distinct meaning.
Also, meaning of words changes with change in context.
Examples
An amiable person id friendly.
An amicable solution is peacefully arrived at.
An acute pain is sharp and intense.
An acerbic tone is harsh and unpleasant.
A circumspect approach is cautious and careful.
If you write with circumlocutions, you beat about thebush a lot.
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When people are euphoric, they are happy and excited about
something. When you eulogize someone, you praise him/her.
A culpable crime is one that calls for punishment.
This is how we can associate the words with their roots:
Root Meaning Words
am Love, friendliness Amiable, Amicable
ac Sharpness Acute ,Acerbic
circ Around Circumspect, Circumlocutions
eu Good Euphoric, Eulogize
Culp Punish Culpable, Inculpate, Exculpate
Contd
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Certain beginning or endings can add to meaning or change
meaning of the existing word. Along with roots ,suffixes and prefixes also help us to deduce
meaning of a word.
Examples
In sane insane
Prefix Root word New word
Prefixes and Suffixes
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Achieve Able Achievable
Root word Suffix New word
Various types of suffixes and prefixes
Depending on the impact on the meaning of word we
categorize suffixes and prefixes
Example:
Negative prefix- IN: IN+ Sufficient = Insufficient
(not sufficient)
Noun Suffix- NESS: Kind+ Ness = Kindness
Adverbial suffix- LY: Loud +Ly =Loudly
Adjective suffix- ful : Mind + Ful =Mindful
Contd
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SYN
Greek word for together
ONYM Greek word for name
Synonym word or expression that has almost the same
meaning as another word or expression
In English almost all words have synonymsExample
WORD Synonyms
Enormous Big ,Huge , Massive ,Gaint , Immense
See Watch , Observe , notice , spot, evisage
Synonyms
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Word which has the opposite meaning to a particular word or
Negative connotation of a particular word
Examples
Sometimes by removing the prefix, we can get the word opposite
in meaning.
Examples
IgnobleNoble InfallibleFallible
IncorrigibleCorrigible InterminableTerminable
ImpertinentPertinent InextricableExtricable
WORD Antonyms
Like hate, dislike, detest, loathe, despise, abominate
Sharp blunt, dull, even, moderate, blurred, dim, slow
Antonyms
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Its important to know formation of words.
It is all the more important to understand how to use themi.e. how to use the right word at the right place indifferent situations.
Learning Words Through
Situations
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Situation
When you grow from childhood to adolescence, there arenumerous complexities that confront you. You are neither achild nor a man. Parents chide you for being petulant andadmonish you for pretending to be a savant. At times yoursuggestions are brushed aside as nave ideas and on otheroccasions your hopes are seen as chimerical and fanciful.
In the above situation some of the words used are:-
Numerous things are in large number.
When you confront a situation, you face it.
When someone chides you, they scold you.
A petulant person is the one who behaves in a childishmanner.
Example
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Homonymsare distinct words that have the same form.Examples
Bank (where money is deposited)
Bank (of a river)
Homophonesare distinct words that are spelled differently but
pronounced alike or sound alike.
Examples
Why dont you write to us?
You have no right to speak to me like that?
Homonyms and Homophones
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Besides homonyms and homophones, there are a large number
of words that are confused with one another.Examples
1. Ghastly (causing fear): After the bomb blast, the site looked
ghastly.
Ghostly (relating to ghosts): Dont narrate ghostly stories, they
scare me.
2. Ordinance (law, bill): A new ordinance is likely to be passed in
the parliamentary session.
Ordnance (military supplies): The ordnance factory was blown
away by the rebels.
3. Fare (travel charges): I was reimbursed the train fare.
Fair (just): Be fair to others.
Words often Confused
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A single word can be used to express an idea concisely.
It provides the precision that lends brevity and exactness to our
expression
Examples
Expression Word
A person who believes in God Theist
The short remaining part of a cigarette Stub
A tendency to favor ones relatives Nepotism
Someones life history written by another person BiographySomeones life history written by himself Autobiography
Impulsive stealing Kleptomania
One Word Situation
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Phrasal verbs lends a communicative and interactive touch to apersons expression.
phrasal verbs essentially express the notion in action.
Many phrasal verbs are used in similar and closely connected
ideas ,so a lot of confusion occurs over the choice of the best
phrasal verb in a particular situation.
Phrasal Verbs
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1. Though we have sorted out our differences, she still keeps
___________ me, Marx said dolefully.
(a) Going with (d) Going on
(b) Going at (e) None of the above
(c) Going for
Key: The context here suggests that despite the reconcil iation,
someone keeps attacking the speaker. Hence, the optiongoing for
f i ts the context. To go at something is to work on that with great
enthusiasm. When yougo with something, you support that.
Something thatgoes on continues to happen over a per iod of time.
Example
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Add to ones style the warmth, intensity, and a personal tingewhich is an essential feature of an emphatic and effective
expression.
Examples
1. Jump bail: Run away while being tried in court
He was on parole but he jumped bail and was never traced.
2.Spill the beans: Tell everything
When the police exerted a little more force, the thief spilled
the beans.
Idiomatic Expressions
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Number of words are particular to that subject or field of
knowledge i.e. they refers to different meaning in different workfields.
It is crucial that you possess the technical vocabulary to be ableto communicate the nuances of your own field of study andinterest.
Examples Laser beamsMost laser beams are just beams of light but
they have properties that distinguish them from ordinarylight.
BladeAfter you push down on the arm of the hand-heldstapler, the top-leaf spring raises the blade from the
magazine, and the magazine and base move apart. OxymoronAn oxymoron combines two terms that are
normally contradictory to each other such as pleasantnightmare, living death.
Developing Technical Vocabulary
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Terms or names given to a particular place, tribe, era,discovery, or situation.
Usually such terms and names emanate from some historical
characters, mythological figures, or legendary or fictional
characters.
Generally used to convey the mystery, perplexity, controversy,
or any other peculiarity about a person, place, or situation
Eponyms
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Word/Term Meaning and Background Usage
Achilles heel
(Achillesfrom
TROY(Brad
Pitt))
A term used to describe the
vulnerable point on the body of an
otherwise invulnerable Achilles, thestrongest Greek warrior in the
Trojan War. The legend suggests
that by dipping the infant Achilles
into the river Styx, his mother had
made him invulnerable. However,the infant Achilles heel, by which
he was held by his mother,
remained a vulnerable spot on his
body where he was hit by Prince
Paris with a poisoned arrow
Despite all
the professed
preparationfor the
Cricket World
Cup, the
toothless pace
attack mayturn out to be
the Indian
teams
Achilles heel.
Example
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Thank You!!!