3775497 Sulphur Purification

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EVALUATION OF TRADITIONAL

PURIFICATION METHODS OF

KANDHAGAM

P. Rajalakshmi, K.L. Niraimathy, S. Moscow,

M. Abeetha,G.Victor Rajamanickam,

CARSM,SAS!RA


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Kandhagam (sulphur)Sulphur is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Sulfur, in its native form,

is a yellow crystalline solid.

Classification of KandhagamGeneral Classification

Pirappu Kandagam Kohitalai Kandagam !anaKenthi vaipu !aipu Kandagam

Based on Colour

"hite Kandagam # it cures all diseases

Parrot nose red Kandagam # used for calcinating $ types of metals %old coloured (or) %ooseberry Kandagam # commonly used for medicine &lac' Kandagam # are type, euvenator


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Significance of Sulphur in

Siddha *t increases bile secretion, +aative, lterative,ntimicrobial, generally ecreted by duct glands.

*t is used for curing +eucoderma, epatomegaly,scites, Peptic /lcer, 0ye disease, 1ysts, 1hronicvenereal diseases and s'in diseases.

*t is a potent drug used for the preparation of

asayanam, Pills, 2ehugu and &hasmas and1henduram.


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Sulphur toxicitySulphur i !ot "! hi#lhy toxic u$t"!c%& I'prop%rly puri(i%) "!) irr%#ul"rly

pr%p"r%) Sulphur '%)ici!% i( co!u'%) o*%r " lo!# p%rio) th%! it c"u% toxic%((%ct&

The toxic feautures are+ ,%llo-ih )icolour"tio! o( co!.ucti*"

+P"llor o( th% ("c%+ Dicolour"tio! o( th% /i! i'il"r to th% colour o( ri)#%) #our) (lo-%r

+ Di(i#ur%) "!) $l"c/ih t%%th

+ Pro(u% hyp%rhi)roi -ith y%llo-ih colour

+ Uri!% "pp%"r li/% #o"t0 uri!%

+ F"%c% i )"r/ y%llo- colour%)

+ 1") $r%"th 2h"litoi3+ Dyp%pi"

+ Fl"tul%!c%

+ Dit%!)%) "$)o'%! -ith p"i!

+ M"cul%


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3eed for purification of

Kandagam 4etoification implies removing the impuritiesinhibiting the potency of the medicine.

*mpurities of Kandagam should be removed withthe detoifying agent provided in Siddhaliterature.

5our detoifying agents are used for purification

of Kandagam

6hey are 2il', enna, &anana stem, Peels of6amarind fruit.


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Process o" S#l$h#r P#ri"ication

Melting of Butter Melting of Sulphur in 1utt%r


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Molten Sulphur poured into milk

Solidified sulphur in milk

Thi proc% i r%p%"t%) (or 45 ti'% "!) th% "'pl% i "!"ly%) "t i!iti"l6 i!t%ri' "!)

(i!"l t"#%&


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Ch%'ic"l i!*%ti#"tio!

7 D%toxi(i%) u$t"!c%8 K"!)"#"'

7 D%toxi(yi!# "#%!t + Mil/

P"r"'%t%r i!*%ti#"t%)

7 Eti'"tio! o( Sulphur

7 Eti'"tio! o( C"lciu'

7 Eti'"tio! o( Phophorou

7 Eti'"tio! o( L%")

7 Eti'"tio! o( M%rcury


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Investigated

chemical

parameters I SULPHUR II SULPHUR III SULPHUR I MILK II MILK III MILK

S#l$h#r % &'.(&) *+.)(( -+.-/( (.-+&* &.-'&/& *.)(&+&-

Calci#m (* (* () (+ (* (

Phos$horo#s .(*& .(-)-) .))+( .(**+ .('*&+ .)&-&*

Merc#ry .-) .-+* .'*) .-*) .++) .-(

Lea0 .((/ .&'() .*)& .*)' ./*( .&&/-


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(.-+

,,&

&.-'

&/&

*.)(

&+*

,

(

)

&

*

%O

FSULPHUR

MLK MLK MLK

% OF SULPHUR IN MILK

&'.(&)

*+.,),

( -+.-

/(

,

),

*,

+,

-,

(,,

Sulphur(%

S1LP21R S1LP21R S1LP21R

Percentage !" Sulphur


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(*,

(*,

(),

((,

((

(),

()

(&,

(&

(*,

#ON#$NR&

IONIN

ppm


L$'$LS OF #&L#IUM IN K&N(&)&M

(+,

(*,

(,,

,

,

(,,

(,

),,

#ON

#$NR&IONIN

ppm

MLK MLK MLK

L$'$LS OF #&L#IUM IN MILK

C"lciu' i " r%)uci!# "#%!t6 u%) (or r%)uci!# '%t"l

It i "lo %'ploy%) " " ch%l"ti!# "#%!t 2C"lciu'8EDTA3


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,.(*&

,.(-)-

)

,.))+,

(

,

,.,

,.(

,.(

,.)

,.)

%O

FPHOSPHOROUS


L$'$LS OF PHOSPHOROUS* K&N(&)&M

,.(*

*+

,.('

*&(

,.)&

-&*

,

,.,

,.(

,.(

,.)

,.)

%i

nPh!sph!r!us

MLK MLK MLK

L$'$LS OF PHOSPHOROUS IN MILK

Phophorou6 " 'i!%r"l6 h%lp $uil) tro!# $o!% "!) t%%th&

Phophorou i "lo i!*ol*%) i! th% r%l%"% o( %!%r#y (ro' ("t6 prot%i!6 "!)

c"r$ohy)r"t% )uri!# '%t"$oli'6 "!) i! th% (or'"tio! o( #%!%tic '"t%ri"l6 c%ll

'%'$r"!%6 "!) '"!y %!9y'%&

RDA 8 :55 'illi#r"' (or -o'%! "!) '%! ;< to


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,.,-

)

,.,,

-+*

,.,,

'*)

,

,.,)

,.,*

,.,+

,.,-

,.(

#ON#$NR&

IONIN

ppm


L$'$LS OF M$R#UR+ IN K&N(&)&M

,.,,

-*)

,.,,

++)

,.,,

-(

,

,.,,)

,.,,*

,.,,+

,.,,-

,.,(

#ON#$NR&IONIN

ppm

MLK MLK MLK

L$'$LS OF M$R#UR+ IN MILK

7Th% Foo) "!) Dru# A)'i!itr"tio! 2FDA3 h" %t " '"xi'u' p%r'ii$l% l%*%l o( = p"rt

o( '%thyl '%rcury i! " 'illio! p"rt 2= pp'3&7Expour% to hi#h l%*%l o( '%t"llic6 i!or#"!ic6 or or#"!ic '%rcury c"! p%r'"!%!tly

)"'"#% th% $r"i!6 /i)!%y6 "!) )%*%lopi!# (%tu&


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,.((/

,.&'

()

,.*)&

,

,.(

,.)

,.&

,.*

,.

#ON#$N%R&%IONIN

ppm


L$'$LS OF L$&( IN K&N(&)&M

,.*),'

,./

*(

,.&&

/-

,

,.(

,.)

,.&

,.*

,.

,.+

#ON#$N%R&%IONIN

ppm

MLK MLK MLK

L$'$LS OF L$&( IN MILK

L%") i! )i%t"ry "llo-"!c%&

7 L%") p%rtur$ 'ultipl% %!9y'% yt%'& A i! 'ot h%"*y '%t"l6 "!y li#"!) -ith ul(hy)ryl

#roup i *ul!%r"$l%& P%rh"p th% $%t8/!o-! %((%ct i th"t o! th% pro)uctio! o( h%'%&

7Th% FDA h" %t " '"xi'u' p%r'ii$l% l%*%l o( =5 p"rt p%r 'illio! o(


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N%%) (or D%toxi(ic"tio!

7 Sul(ur i pr%%!t i! "ll prot%i!6 -hich '"/% it u!i*%r"lly"*"il"$l% throu#hout th% $o)y (or $i!)i!# -ith '%rcury&

7 M%rcury h" " p"rticul"rly hi#h "((i!ity (or thiol #roup

ulphur> "'i)%> "'i!%>c"r$o!> phoph"t%&

M%rcury8i!)uc%) i!tr"c%llul"r c"lciu' 'o)ul"t%)

r%"cti*% oxy#%! p%ci% 2ROS3

C%ll "poptoi "!) !%croi

C"lciu' "!t"#o!it "$olih%) ROS pro)uctio!& 2Ki' %t "l&6;55? 3


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C"lciu' "!) l%") "r% "$or$%) "t th% "'% it% i! th% i!t%ti!%

2*it"'i! D r%c%ptor 2VDR3 #%!% 3

It pr%(%r c"lciu'&

Th% i!#%t%) l%") p"% thou#h th% #"troi!t%ti!"l tr"ct "!) i

%xcr%t%) i( th%r% i "lo c"lciu' pr%%!t to pr%*%!t l%")"$or$tio!&

A 'or% c"lciu' i co!u'%)6 l% l%") i "$l% to #%t i!to th%

$loo)tr%"'&

Th% C%!tr% (or Di%"% Co!trol #ui)%li!% (or pr%*%!tio! o(

chil)hoo) l%") poio!i!# r%co''%!) ")%@u"t% )i%t"ry calcium

"!) iro! " '%"ur% to pr%*%!t l%") toxicity


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U% o( Sulphur + Si))h" Lit%r"tur%

It i u%) (or curi!# L%uco)%r'"6 H%p"to'%#"ly6 Acit%6

P%ptic Ulc%r6 Ey% )i%"%6 Cyt6 Chro!ic *%!%r%"l)i%"% "!) /i! )i%"%&

U% o( L%") + Si))h" Lit%r"tur%

It i u%) (or curi!# L%uco)%r'"6 Acit%6 P%ptic Ulc%r6Ey% )i%"%6 Chro!ic *%!%r%"l )i%"% "!) /i!)i%"%&

U% o( M%rcury+ Si))h" Lit%r"tur%It i u%) (or curi!# L%uco)%r'"6 P%ptic Ulc%r6 Ey%)i%"%6 Chro!ic *%!%r%"l )i%"%&


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Co!cluio!

Th% D%toxi(ic"tio! o( Sulphur $y tr")itio!"l '%tho)

i!*ol*% r%'o*i!# o( toxic u$t"!c% $oth i! th%

'%)ici!% "!) "lo "(%#u"r)i!# th% $o)y (ro' h%"*y'%t"l toxicity )uri!# th% cour% o( ")'i!itr"tio! o( th%

)ru#&

Th% !utriti*% *"lu% o( th% )%toxi(yi!# "#%!t8Mil/ "lo

%r*% " " uppl%'%!t (or 1"l"!c%) )i%t


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R%(%r%!c%

Thy"#"r" Mu)"liy"r6Gu!"p")"'Thaathu Jeeva vaguppu, IIIrd Edn, Indian Medical Association,1!1"

#" Je$ara%, Siddha Toxicolog$, Ist Ed" &epartment of Indian S$stem of Medicine and'omeopath$, 1"

(uppusam$ Mudali$ar, Siddha )aithi$a thiratu"

)an *romphaut SJ6 &e+erchin M6 'oenderop J6 Stockmans I6 )an 'erck E6 (ato S6 Bindels-J6 *olle & *armeliet #6 Bouillon -6 *armeliet Duo)%!"l c"lciu' "$orptio! i! *it"'i! Dr%c%ptor8/!oc/out 'ic% (u!ctio!"l "!) 'ol%cul"r "p%ct& Proc N"tl Ac") Sci U S A& ;55= No*B:2;43=44;?8&

S"!# Hyu! Ki' "!) R"#hu$ir P& Sh"r'" M%rcury8i!)uc%) "poptoi "!) !%croi i! 'uri!%'"croph"#% rol% o( c"lciu'8i!)uc%) r%"cti*% oxy#%! p%ci% "!) p4: 'ito#%!8"cti*"t%) prot%i!/i!"% i#!"li!# Toxicolog$ and Applied #harmacolog$Volu'% =B6 Iu% =6 = April ;55?6 ?8


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3775497 Sulphur Purification

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