37-137-1The Circulatory SystemThe Circulatory System

By Rose, Keelan, and DannyBy Rose, Keelan, and Danny

Functions of the circulatory Functions of the circulatory systemsystem

The human The human circulatory system circulatory system consists of the consists of the heart, a series of heart, a series of blood vessels, and blood vessels, and the blood that the blood that flows through themflows through them

The HeartThe Heart

The heart is enclosed in a The heart is enclosed in a protective sac of tissue called protective sac of tissue called the pericardiumthe pericardium

The myocardium is the muscle The myocardium is the muscle in your heart that pumps in your heart that pumps blood- it is sandwiched blood- it is sandwiched between two thin layers of between two thin layers of epithelial and connective epithelial and connective tissuetissue

The septum divides the two The septum divides the two sides of the heartsides of the heart

The upper chambers that The upper chambers that receive the blood are the atriareceive the blood are the atria

The lower chambers that The lower chambers that pump the blood out of the pump the blood out of the heart are the ventriclesheart are the ventricles

The heart has four chambers- The heart has four chambers- two atrium and two ventriclestwo atrium and two ventricles

Tip:Tip:You can tell which You can tell which chamber comes first chamber comes first because the atrium because the atrium starts with an “a” starts with an “a” which comes before which comes before “v,” so the atrium “v,” so the atrium comes first.comes first.

Circulation Through the Circulation Through the BodyBody

The heart functions as The heart functions as two separate pumpstwo separate pumps

The right side pumps The right side pumps blood from the body to blood from the body to the lungs- this is the lungs- this is known as pulmonary known as pulmonary circulationcirculation

The left side pumps The left side pumps blood from the lungs blood from the lungs to the body- this is to the body- this is known as systemic known as systemic circulationcirculation

Circulation Through the Circulation Through the HeartHeart

Valves are flaps of Valves are flaps of connective tissue connective tissue that keep blood that keep blood from flowing from flowing backwardsbackwards

HeartbeatHeartbeat

The Sinoatrial node, or The Sinoatrial node, or the SA node, is known the SA node, is known as the “pacemaker” as the “pacemaker” due to the fact that it is due to the fact that it is the node that sets the the node that sets the pace for the heart’s pace for the heart’s contractionscontractions

The Atrioventricular The Atrioventricular node, or the AV node, node, or the AV node, picks up the signals picks up the signals from the SV node and from the SV node and transmits them to the transmits them to the rest of the heartrest of the heart

Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

The aorta is the The aorta is the first of a series of first of a series of blood vessels that blood vessels that carry blood carry blood

Blood moves Blood moves through arteries, through arteries, capillaries, and capillaries, and veinsveins

ArteriesArteries

Arteries carry blood Arteries carry blood away from the heartaway from the heart

Arteries have thick walls Arteries have thick walls that help with blood that help with blood pressurepressure

The smooth muscle and The smooth muscle and connective tissue help connective tissue help arteries keep their shape arteries keep their shape

The pulmonary arteries The pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that are the only arteries that carry oxygen-poor bloodcarry oxygen-poor blood

Tip:Tip:Arteries carry Arteries carry blood away from blood away from the heart:the heart:AArteries- rteries- AAwayway

Smooth muscle

endothelium

Connective tissue

CapillariesCapillaries

Capillaries are the Capillaries are the smallest blood vesselssmallest blood vessels

Capillary walls are Capillary walls are only one cell thickonly one cell thick

Blood cells must pass Blood cells must pass through them single through them single filefile

Nutrients and waste Nutrients and waste are defused in the are defused in the capillariescapillaries

VeinsVeins

Veins return blood to Veins return blood to the heartthe heart

Large veins contain Large veins contain valves to keep blood valves to keep blood moving in a single moving in a single directiondirection

Veins are located near Veins are located near and between the and between the skeletal musclesskeletal muscles

The pulmonary veins The pulmonary veins are the only veins that are the only veins that carry oxygen-rich carry oxygen-rich bloodblood

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Blood pressure is Blood pressure is measured with a measured with a sphygmomanometersphygmomanometer

The top number is when The top number is when your heart contracts, the your heart contracts, the bottom number is when it bottom number is when it relaxesrelaxes

Kidneys remove more Kidneys remove more water from blood when water from blood when blood pressure is highblood pressure is high

Neurotransmitters and the Neurotransmitters and the kidneys both work to kidneys both work to regulate the blood regulate the blood pressurepressure

Diseases of the Circulatory Diseases of the Circulatory SystemSystem

Heart disease and Heart disease and stroke are the leading stroke are the leading causes of death in the causes of death in the USUS

High blood pressure and High blood pressure and atherosclerosis are the 2 atherosclerosis are the 2 leading causes of leading causes of cardiovascular diseasecardiovascular disease

Atherosclerosis is a Atherosclerosis is a condition in which condition in which plaque builds up on the plaque builds up on the inner walls of the inner walls of the arteries arteries

High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure

Hypertension is Hypertension is another word for high another word for high blood pressureblood pressure

High blood pressure is High blood pressure is defined as blood defined as blood pressure that exceeds pressure that exceeds 140/90 or higher140/90 or higher

High blood pressure High blood pressure enlarges the enlarges the myocardiummyocardium

Hypertension increases Hypertension increases the risk of heart the risk of heart diseases, heart attack, diseases, heart attack, and strokeand stroke

Consequences of Consequences of AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is the most Atherosclerosis is the most dangerous in the coronary dangerous in the coronary arteriesarteries

The coronary arteries bring The coronary arteries bring blood to the heartblood to the heart

If one of these arteries are If one of these arteries are blocked, a heart attack occursblocked, a heart attack occurs

The symptoms of a heart The symptoms of a heart attack are nausea, shortness attack are nausea, shortness of breath, and severe chest of breath, and severe chest painpain

When a blood clot occurs in When a blood clot occurs in the brain, a stroke can occurthe brain, a stroke can occur

In a stroke, brain cells die In a stroke, brain cells die from lack of oxygenated bloodfrom lack of oxygenated blood

Circulatory System HealthCirculatory System Health

You can prevent You can prevent cardiovascular disease by cardiovascular disease by exercise, eating healthy exercise, eating healthy and NOT SMOKINGand NOT SMOKING

A diet low in saturated fat A diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol is and cholesterol is important for heart healthimportant for heart health

Excess fat and cholesterol Excess fat and cholesterol builds up on artery wallsbuilds up on artery walls

Excess weight gain Excess weight gain enlarges the circulatory enlarges the circulatory system, which causes the system, which causes the heart to pump harderheart to pump harder

VocabVocab

Myocardium-Myocardium- The muscles The muscles of the heartof the heart

Atrium-Atrium- The upper The upper chamber/ receives bloodchamber/ receives blood

Ventricle-Ventricle- The lower The lower chamber/ pumps bloodchamber/ pumps blood

Pulmonary circulation-Pulmonary circulation- The The path of blood from the path of blood from the heart to the lungsheart to the lungs

Systemic circulation-Systemic circulation- The The flow of blood from the lungs flow of blood from the lungs to the heartto the heart

Valves-Valves- Flaps of connective Flaps of connective tissue that prevent blood tissue that prevent blood from flowing backwardsfrom flowing backwards

Pacemaker-Pacemaker- The sinoatrial The sinoatrial nodenode

Aorta-Aorta- The first in a series The first in a series of blood vessels that carry of blood vessels that carry blood around the bodyblood around the body

Artery-Artery- Cary oxygen-rich Cary oxygen-rich blood away from the heartblood away from the heart

Capillary-Capillary- The smallest The smallest blood vessels where blood vessels where diffusion takes placediffusion takes place

Vein-Vein- Cary oxygen-poor Cary oxygen-poor blood to the heartblood to the heart

Atherosclerosis-Atherosclerosis- A disease A disease in which fatty deposits of in which fatty deposits of plaque build up on artery plaque build up on artery wallswalls

Self-Test QuestionsSelf-Test Questions(key on the last slide)(key on the last slide)

1.1. Which of these is not a Which of these is not a component of the component of the circulatory system?circulatory system?

A) The heartA) The heartB) Blood vesselsB) Blood vesselsC) BloodC) BloodD) They are all D) They are all

components of the components of the circulatory systemcirculatory system

A) Part of the heartA) Part of the heartB) The brain that B) The brain that

controls the heartcontrols the heartC) The sac that C) The sac that

encloses the encloses the heartheart

D) Your 4D) Your 4thth toe toe

2.2. What is the pericardium?What is the pericardium?

3.3. What is a 3 flap valve What is a 3 flap valve called?called?

A) Tricuspid ValveA) Tricuspid ValveB) Trioticflap ValveB) Trioticflap ValveC) Peace ValveC) Peace ValveD) A flappy thingyD) A flappy thingy

A) The heartA) The heartB) ArteriesB) ArteriesC) CapillariesC) CapillariesD) VeinsD) Veins

4.4. What has valves?What has valves?

True or false?True or false?5.5. 135/80 is high blood 135/80 is high blood pressure.pressure.

6.6. What does excessive What does excessive weight gain do to your weight gain do to your circulatory system?circulatory system?

A) Enlarges itA) Enlarges itB) Squishes itB) Squishes itC) Enlarges the heartC) Enlarges the heartD) Makes it harder for your D) Makes it harder for your

blood to carry oxygenblood to carry oxygen

A) Adding waterA) Adding waterB) Removing waterB) Removing waterC) Adding hormonesC) Adding hormonesD) Removing hormonesD) Removing hormones

7.7. How do your kidneys How do your kidneys affect your blood affect your blood pressure when it is high?pressure when it is high?

True or false?True or false?8.8. The AV node sends The AV node sends signals that make the signals that make the heart contract.heart contract.

9.9. What does a What does a sphygmomanometer do?sphygmomanometer do?

A) Measures your pulseA) Measures your pulseB) Measures your blood B) Measures your blood

pressurepressureC) Measures the viscosity C) Measures the viscosity

of your bloodof your bloodD) Measures the oxygen D) Measures the oxygen

levels in your bloodlevels in your blood

A) High blood pressure and A) High blood pressure and atherosclerosis atherosclerosis

B) High blood pressure and B) High blood pressure and smokingsmoking

C) Smoking and C) Smoking and atherosclerosisatherosclerosis

D) Smoking and hypertensionD) Smoking and hypertension

10.10. What are the 2 leading What are the 2 leading causes of cardiovascular causes of cardiovascular disease?disease?

37-337-3The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

What is Respiration?What is Respiration?

The blood carries The blood carries oxygen to the tissues oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide away from the tissuesaway from the tissues

Respiration means Respiration means the process of gas the process of gas exchangeexchange

The Human Respiratory SystemThe Human Respiratory System

The basic function of the The basic function of the human respiratory system is to human respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, air, and dioxide between blood, air, and tissuestissuesThe respiratory system The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungslungsThe pharynx is a passageway The pharynx is a passageway for both air and food for both air and food Airs moves from the pharynx Airs moves from the pharynx into the tracheainto the tracheaTrachea = windpipe Trachea = windpipe The epiglottis is the flap of The epiglottis is the flap of tissue over the tracheatissue over the trachea

Cilia and MucusCilia and Mucus

To keep the lung tissue To keep the lung tissue healthy, air must be healthy, air must be warmed, moistened and warmed, moistened and filteredfiltered

Large dust gets trapped Large dust gets trapped by nose hairs by nose hairs

Mucus moistens air and Mucus moistens air and traps dust and smoketraps dust and smoke

Cilia sweep trap particles Cilia sweep trap particles and mucus away from the and mucus away from the lungslungs

The LarynxThe Larynx

Consists of 2 highly Consists of 2 highly elastic flaps of tissue elastic flaps of tissue called the vocal cordscalled the vocal cords

Air moving between Air moving between the vocal cords allow the vocal cords allow you to speak you to speak

The BronchiThe Bronchi

The bronchi are the two The bronchi are the two large tubes that connect large tubes that connect your larynx and your your larynx and your lungslungs

Each bronchi separates Each bronchi separates into smaller bronchi which into smaller bronchi which separate into bronchiolesseparate into bronchioles

The bronchi end in tiny air The bronchi end in tiny air sacs called alveoli where sacs called alveoli where the diffusion between the diffusion between gasses takes place.gasses takes place.

Gas ExchangeGas Exchange

The process of gas The process of gas exchange in the lungs exchange in the lungs is very efficientis very efficient

Hemoglobin in the Hemoglobin in the blood helps red blood blood helps red blood cells carry oxygencells carry oxygen

BreathingBreathing

If you don’t breathe, you DIEIf you don’t breathe, you DIEThe diaphragm is the large flat The diaphragm is the large flat muscle at the bottom of the muscle at the bottom of the lungslungsThe diaphragm creates suction The diaphragm creates suction into your lungs when it into your lungs when it contracts, allowing you to contracts, allowing you to breathebreatheMuscles around your rib cage Muscles around your rib cage allow you to exhale with allow you to exhale with greater force, allowing you to greater force, allowing you to do things such as blow out do things such as blow out candlescandlesA puncture in the chest cavity A puncture in the chest cavity would allow air to seep in and would allow air to seep in and ruin the air pressure, making it ruin the air pressure, making it impossible to breatheimpossible to breathe

How Breathing is ControlledHow Breathing is Controlled

The part of your brain that The part of your brain that controls breathing is the controls breathing is the medulla oblongatamedulla oblongataThe medulla oblongata sends The medulla oblongata sends impulses to your diaphragm impulses to your diaphragm according to your blood’s according to your blood’s carbon dioxide levels, which is carbon dioxide levels, which is how your body forces you to how your body forces you to breathe. breathe. If air has no oxygen in it, your If air has no oxygen in it, your body will not notice because body will not notice because your blood’s CO2 levels are your blood’s CO2 levels are normal due to the fact that you normal due to the fact that you can still exhale can still exhale

Tobacco and Respiratory SystemTobacco and Respiratory System

Smoking Smoking damages your damages your lungslungs

Substances in TobaccoSubstances in Tobacco

The three most The three most dangerous substances in dangerous substances in cigarettes are nicotine, cigarettes are nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tarcarbon monoxide, and tar

Nicotine increases your Nicotine increases your heart rate and blood heart rate and blood pressurepressure

Carbon monoxide blocks Carbon monoxide blocks the hemoglobin’s ability to the hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygentransport oxygen

Tar causes cancerTar causes cancer

Tar

Effects on Respiratory SystemEffects on Respiratory System

Tobacco smoke Tobacco smoke paralyses the cilia, paralyses the cilia, which allows the which allows the smoke direct access smoke direct access into your lungsinto your lungs

It also makes the It also makes the lining of your lining of your respiratory tract swell, respiratory tract swell, which reduces air flowwhich reduces air flow

Diseases Caused by SmokingDiseases Caused by Smoking

In chronic bronchitis, the In chronic bronchitis, the bronchi become swollen and bronchi become swollen and clogged with mucusclogged with mucusSmoking can cause Smoking can cause emphysema- the loss of emphysema- the loss of elasticity in the lungselasticity in the lungsEmphysema make breathing Emphysema make breathing difficult and reduces the difficult and reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to amount of oxygen delivered to the tissuethe tissueLung cancer is especially Lung cancer is especially dangerous because it spreads dangerous because it spreads so quicklyso quicklySmoking narrows the blood Smoking narrows the blood vesselsvessels

Smoking and the NonsmokerSmoking and the Nonsmoker

Second hand smoke Second hand smoke is just as dangerousis just as dangerous

Second hand smoke Second hand smoke is especially is especially damaging to young damaging to young children and can lead children and can lead to asthmato asthma

VocabVocab

Pharynx-Pharynx- The The passageway for both air passageway for both air and foodand foodTrachea-Trachea- The windpipe The windpipeLarynx-Larynx- The vocal cords The vocal cordsBronchi-Bronchi- The two large The two large passageways into the passageways into the lungslungs

Alveoli-Alveoli- Tiny air sacs Tiny air sacs where the diffusion of where the diffusion of gasses takes placegasses takes placeDiaphragm-Diaphragm- The large The large flat muscle that allows flat muscle that allows you to breatheyou to breatheNicotine-Nicotine- A stimulant that A stimulant that increases heart rate and increases heart rate and blood pressureblood pressureEmphysema-Emphysema- The loss of The loss of elasticity of the tissue of elasticity of the tissue of the lungsthe lungs

Self-Test QuestionsSelf-Test Questions

1.1. What are the components of What are the components of the respiratory system?the respiratory system?

The _____, _____, The _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____._____, and _____.

A) Lung cancerA) Lung cancerB) Addiction problemsB) Addiction problemsC) EmphysemaC) EmphysemaD) AsthmaD) Asthma

2.2. What can long term effect What can long term effect second hand smoke have second hand smoke have on kids?on kids?

3.3. What part of cigarette What part of cigarette smoke causes cancer?smoke causes cancer?

A) NicotineA) NicotineB) Carbon monoxideB) Carbon monoxideC) TarC) TarD) Glue fumesD) Glue fumes

True or false?True or false?4.4. You can still breathe even if You can still breathe even if there is no oxygen in the air.there is no oxygen in the air.

A) PharynxA) PharynxB) LarynxB) LarynxC) TracheaC) TracheaD) BronchusD) Bronchus

5.5. What part of the throat What part of the throat contains the vocal cords?contains the vocal cords?

6.6. What passes through the What passes through the trachea?trachea?

A) FoodA) FoodB) WaterB) WaterC) AirC) AirD) All of the aboveD) All of the above

A) BronchioleA) BronchioleB) AlveoliB) AlveoliC) BronchusC) BronchusD) CapillariesD) Capillaries

7.7. Gas diffusion takes place in Gas diffusion takes place in the…the…

8.8. How do your vocal cords How do your vocal cords work?work?

9.9. Respiration means?Respiration means?

A) .A) .B) .B) .C) .C) .D) .D) .

10.10. ??

KeyKey

1.1. DD2.2. CC3.3. AA4.4. A&DA&D5.5. FalseFalse6.6. AA7.7. BB8.8. False/ it carries signals from False/ it carries signals from

the SV nodethe SV node9.9. BB10.10. AA

1.1. The nose, pharynx, larynx, The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungstrachea, bronchi, and lungs

2.2. DD3.3. CC4.4. True/ you can breathe, you True/ you can breathe, you

just don’t receive oxygenjust don’t receive oxygen5.5. BB6.6. CC7.7. BB8.8. Air passes through the two Air passes through the two

flaps and vibrates according flaps and vibrates according to how tight or loose they areto how tight or loose they are

9.9. The process of gas exchangeThe process of gas exchange

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