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PAGE1

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

TRAINING

SIEMENS

S7-300 PROGRAMMING

IN STATEMENT LIST

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CONTENTS: PAGE NO

1. STEP7 OVERVIEW 3

2. COMPARISON OF CPU's AND MODULES AVAILABLE 7

3. ADDRESSING OF MODULES 9

4. LOAD MEMORY AND WORK MEMORY 12

5. BLOCKS IN THE USER PROGRAM 13

6. DATA TYPES 14

7. STATEMENT LIST PROGRAMMING 16

8. BIT LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS 23

9. COMPARISON INSTRUCTIONS 27

10. CONVERSION INSTRUCTIONS 29

11. COUNTER INSTRUCTIONS 38

12. DATA BLOCK AND LOGIC CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS 45

13. LOAD AND TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS 48

14. FLOATING POINT MATH INSTRUCTIONS 49

15. INTEGER MATH INSTRUCTIONS 51

16. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS 54

17. SHIFT INSTRUCTIONS 56

18. TIMER INSTRUCTIONS 58

19. WORD LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS 71

20. ACCUMULATOR INSTRUCTIONS 73

21. PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 75

22. GLOSSARY 86

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SIMATIC S7

PLC RANGE

S7-!! HIGH END RANGE"MEDIUM RANGE

S7-#!! MID AND LOW END PERFORMANCERANGE

S7-2!! MICRO PLC'S

SIMATIC S7-300 COMPONENTS

S$N%$ COMPONENT FUNCTION

1$ R&( A))%*%+&,s ,. S7-#!! *%+/(s

2$ P%0 S/(3 4PS5 C%6,s ,. %0 s3s,* %(,&8 412!"2#!VAC5 6,%2VDC 9% ,. S7-#!! &6+ (%&+ %0 s/(3 9% 2VDC (%&+ ))/,s$

#$ CPU E)/,s ,. /s %8&*; %+s ,. (&6 =/s; )%**/6)&,s 0,.%,. CPU's % 0,. & %8&**68 +) & ,.MPI4M/(, P%6, I6,9&)5$

$ S86&( M%+/(s4SM5-DI;DO;AI;AO

M&,). +996, %)ss s86&( ((s ,% ,. 6,6&(s86&( (( %9 S7-#!!

s 8$ C(%s+ (%% )%6,%(

?$ C%**/6)&,%6 P%)ss%4CP5

R(s ,. CPU %9 )%**/6)&,%6 ,&s>s 8-CP #2-&8 /s+ 9% )%698/68 &6+%8&**68 SIMATIC %8&**&=( (%8) )%6,%((s$ I, s &, %9 ,. SIMATIC6+/s,3 s%9,0&$

asi! Tas"sW.6 3%/ )&, &6 &/,%*&,%6 s%(/,%6 0,. STEP 7; ,. & & ss %9 =&s) ,&s>s$ T. 9%((%06898/ s.%0s ,. ,&s>s ,.&, 6+ ,% = 9%*+ 9% *%s, %),s &6+ &ss86s ,.* ,% & =&s)%)+/$

A#ter$ative Pro!e%&resAs s.%06 6 ,. 98/ &=%; 3%/ .& ,0% &(,6&, %)+/s:

Y%/ )&6 )%698/ ,. .&+0& 9s, &6+ ,.6 %8&* ,. =(%)>s$

Y%/ )&6; .%0; %8&* ,. =(%)>s 9s, 0,.%/, )%698/68 ,. .&+0&$ T.s s)%**6++ 9% s) &6+ *&6,6&6) 0%>; 9% &*(; ,% 6,8&, %8&**+=(%)>s 6,% 6 &6 s,68 %),$

PAGE

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rief 'es!ri(tio$ of the I$%ivi%&a# Ste(s

I6s,&((&,%6 &6+ &/,.%&,%6T. 9s, ,* 3%/ /s STEP 7; 6s,&(( , &6+ ,&6s9 ,. &/,.%&,%6 9%* +s>,, ,% ,. .&++s>

P(&6 3%/ )%6,%((B9% 3%/ 0%> 0,. STEP 7; (&6 3%/ &/,%*&,%6 s%(/,%6 9%* ++68 ,. %)ss 6,%6++/&( ,&s>s ,% )&,68 & )%698/&,%6 +&8&* Ds86 ,. %8&* s,/),/T/6 ,. ,&s>s +s)=+ 6 ,. +&9, %9 3%/ )%6,%(( +s86 6,% & %8&* s,/),/ /s68,. =(%)>s &&(&=( 6 STEP 7

S,&, STEP 7Y%/ s,&, STEP 7 9%* ,. W6+%0s & 9%(+ 6 0.). &(( +&,& & s,%+ 6 & .&).)&( s,/),/ &6+ &&&(&=( ,% 3%/ &, &63 ,*$ A9, 3%/ .& )&,+ & %),; &(( %,. ,&s>s & )/,+ 6,.s %), C%698/ & s,&,%6W.6 3%/ )%698/ ,. s,&,%6 3%/ s)93 ,. %8&**&=( )%6,%(( 3%/ 0&6, ,% /s 9%&*(; SIMATIC #!!; SIMATIC !!

C%698/ .&+0&W.6 3%/ )%698/ ,. .&+0& 3%/ s)93 6 & )%698/&,%6 ,&=( 0.). *%+/(s 3%/0&6, ,% /s 9% 3%/ &/,%*&,%6 s%(/,%6 &6+ 0.). &++sss & ,% = /s+ ,% &))ss ,.

*%+/(s 9%* ,. /s %8&*$ T. %,s %9 ,. *%+/(s )&6 &(s% = &ss86+ /s68 C%698/ 6,0%>s &6+ )%**/6)&,%6 )%66),%6s

T. =&ss 9% )%**/6)&,%6 s & -)%698/+ 6,0%>$ F% ,.s; 3%/ 0(( 6+ ,% )&, ,.s/=6,s /+ 9% 3%/ &/,%*&,%6 6,0%>s; s, ,. s/=6, %,s; &6+ s, ,. 6,0%>)%66),%6 %,s &6+ &63 )%**/6)&,%6 )%66),%6s /+ 9% ,. 6,0%>+s,&,%6s

D96 s3*=%(sY%/ )&6 +96 (%)&( % s.&+ s3*=%(s; 0.). .& *% +s), 6&*s; 6 & s3*=%(,&=( ,% /s 6s,&+ %9 &=s%(/, &++sss 6 3%/ /s %8&*

C&, ,. %8&*Us68 %6 %9 ,. &&(&=( %8&**68 (&68/&8s )&, & %8&* (6>+ ,% & *%+/( %6+6+6, %9 & *%+/( &6+ s,% , &s =(%)>s; s%/) 9(s; % ).&,s

S7 %6(3: 86&, &6+ &(/&, 96) +&,&

Y%/ )&6 *&> /s %9 ,.s 96) +&,& ,% *&> +=/8868 &6+ *%+9368 3%/ /s%8&* &s

C%698/ *ss&8sY%/ )&, =(%)>-(&,+ *ss&8s; 9% &*(; 0,. ,. ,,s &6+ &,,=/,s$ Us68 ,.,&6s9 %8&* 3%/ ,&6s9 ,. *ss&8 )%698/&,%6 +&,& )&,+ ,% ,. %&,%6,9&) s3s,* +&,&=&s 49% &*(; SIMATIC W6CC; SIMATIC P%T%%(5

C%698/ %&,% )%6,%( &6+ *%6,%68 &&=(sY%/ )&, %&,% )%6,%( &6+ *%6,%68 &&=(s %6) 6 STEP 7 &6+ &ss86 ,.* ,./+ &,,=/,s$ Us68 ,. ,&6s9 %8&* 3%/ ,&6s9 ,. %&,% )%6,%( &6+*%6,%68 &&=(s )&,+ ,% ,. +&,&=&s %9 ,. %&,% 6,9&) s3s,* W6CC

D%06(%&+ %8&*s ,% ,. %8&**&=( )%6,%((S7 %6(3: &9, &(( )%698/&,%6; &&*, &ss86*6,; &6+ %8&**68 ,&s>s &)%*(,+; 3%/ )&6 +%06(%&+ 3%/ 6, /s %8&* % 6++/&( =(%)>s 9%* , ,% ,.%8&**&=( )%6,%(( 4%8&**&=( *%+/( 9% 3%/ .&+0& s%(/,%65$

Ts, %8&*sS7 %6(3: 9% ,s,68 3%/ )&6 ,. +s(&3 ,. &(/s %9 &&=(s 9%* 3%/ /s %8&* % &CPU; &ss86 &(/s ,% ,. &&=(s; &6+ )&, & &&=( ,&=( 9% ,. &&=(s ,.&, 3%/0&6, ,% +s(&3 % *%+93

M%6,% %&,%6; +&86%s .&+0&Y%/ +,*6 ,. )&/s %9 & *%+/( 9&/(, =3 +s(&368 %6(6 69%*&,%6 &=%/, & *%+/($Y%/ +,*6 ,. )&/ss 9% %s 6 /s %8&* %)ss68 0,. ,. .( %9 ,.+&86%s,) =/99 &6+ ,. s,&)> )%6,6,s$ Y%/ )&6 &(s% ).)> 0.,. & /s %8&* )&6 /6%6 & &,)/(& CPU

D%)/*6, ,. (&6,A9, 3%/ .& )&,+ & %),"(&6,; , *&>s s6s ,% %+/) )(& +%)/*6,&,%6 %9 ,.

%), +&,& ,% *&> 9/,. +,68 %9 ,. %), &6+ &63 s) &),,s &s

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COMPARISON O) CP*+S

CP*+s CP*3,I)M CP*3,3 CP*3,.I)M CP*3,.

Me/ State/e$t1tes 22 .2,2 42.2 ,2.42

Me/or1 Car%s - 5,2

)EPROM

- 5,2

)EPROMPro!essi$6 Ti/e ,0.State/e$ts

0 /s 0 /s 03 /s 03 /s

'I 8 'O Ma9 5 5 ,0. ,0.

AI 8 AO Ma9 . . 5 5

Ra!" Co$fi6&ratio$ ,-Tier ,-Tier .-Tier .-Tier

E9(a$sio$ Mo%es Ma9 4 4 3, 3,

it Me/ories ,0. 0.4 0.4 0.4

Co&$ters 3 3 . .

Ti/ers . . 7 ,4

MPI I$terfa!e,475 2:its

Ma9 3 No%es

;es ;es ;es ;es

I$te6rate%f&$!tio$sCo&$ters)reMeas&re/e$sts

- 0'I,'= @.AI@,AOo$:oar% i$tf&$!tio$s>Co&$ters)reMeas&re/e$stsPositio$i$6 PI' Co$tro#

-

CP*+s CP*3,5 CP*3,5-'P CP*3,-'P CP*3,4-

Me/ State/e$t1tes ,2.42 ,2.42 .2,42 52

Me/or1 Car%s 5,2 )EPROM 5,2)EPROM

.M)EPROM

.M )EPROM

Pro!essi$6 Ti/e ,0.State/e$ts

03 /s 03 /s 03 /s 0, /s

'I 8 'O Ma9 ,0. 0.4 .0 ,34.

AI 8 AO Ma9 5 5 5 ,0.

Ra!" Co$fi6&ratio$ .-Tier .-Tier .-Tier .-Tier

E9(a$sio$ Mo%es Ma9 3 3 3 3

it Me/ories 0.4 0.4 0.4 4,

Co&$ters . . . 5,

Ti/ers ,4 ,4 ,4 5,

MPI I$terfa!e,475 2:itsMa9 3 No%es

;es ;es ;es *(to ,M:a&%

I$te6rate%f&$!tio$s

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TDE 'I))ERENT T;PES O) MO'*LES AAILALE ARE

, SIGNAL MO'*LES - )OR 'IGITAL AN' ANALOG SIGNALS

'IGITAL INP*TS 'IGITAL O*TP*TS

, F . 'C 4 F ,0 30 AC

, F ,0 AC

3 F . 'C

, 9 . 'C @05A 4 F . 'C @A

4 F ,0 30 AC@ A

, F ,0 AC@ ,A

3 F . 'C@ 05A

RELA; O*TP*TS 'I'O MO'*LES

4 F Re#a1 30 'C @05A

4 F Re#a1 50 AC @3A

, F Re#a1 30'C@05A

, F Re#a1 ,0AC@ 5A

4'I4'O F .'C 05A

ANALOG INP*TS PARAMETERIALE ANALOG O*TP*TS PARAMETERIALE

4 A$a#o6 I$(&ts A$a#o6 I$(&ts

0,. RS2#2; #?R &6+ &63 ASCII%,%)%(

. INTER)ACE MO'*LES - )OR M*LTI TIER CON)IG*RATION

F% C6,&( C%6,%(( E&6s%6 F% E&6s%6 U6, C%66),%6

5 POWER S*PPL; MO'*LES - )OR . 'C LOA' CIRC*ITS WITD 'I))ERENT RATINGS

MPI - M*LTI POINT INTER)ACE )OR COMM*NICATION

MPI INTEGRATED IN CPU

DATA EXCHANGE RATE : 1@7$< K=,s " s

SIMULTANEOUS COMMUNICATION WITH PG"PC"OP4OPERATOR PANEL5 AND FURTHERPLCS REUIRING NO ADDITIONAL HARDWARE

UPTO #2 NODES CAN BE CONNECTED

PAGE7

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A''RESSING O) MO'*LES

PAGE@

6

8

288

7

12

304

8

16

320

9

20

336

10

24

352

11

28

368

5

4

272

Slot Number 1 2 3

Digital Addre

A!alog Addre

"A#$ 0

%odule Starti!g Addree o& t'e Sig!al %odule o! "a() 0

Slot Addressing for Rack 0

CPU

4

64

512

6

40

416

7

44

432

8

48

448

9

52

464

10

56

480

11

60

496

5

36

400

4

32

384

Slot Number 3

Digital Addre

A!alog Addre

"A#$ 1



#P* +% A+ , A- , D+ , D- %odule

4

0

256

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PAGE

4

64

512

6

72

544

7

76

560

8

80

576

9

84

592

10

88

608

11

92

624

5

68

528

4

64

512

Slot Number 3

Digital Addre

A!alog Addre

"A#$ 2



4

64

512

6

104

672

7

108

688

8

112

704

9

116

720

10

120

736

11

124

752

5

100

656

4

96

640

Slot Number 3

Digital Addre

A!alog Addre

"A#$ 3



#P* +% A+ , A- , D+ , D- %odule

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PAGE1!

4

64

512

6 78

9

10 11

5

4

Slot Number +%

"a() 3

4

64

512

6 78

9

10 11

5

4

Slot Number +%

"a() 2

#o!!e(ti!g (able 368

4

64

512

6 78

9

10 11

5

4Slot Number +%

"a() 1

#o!!e(ti!g (able 368

6 7 8 9 10 115

PS

Slot Number 1 2 +%/ 3

CPU

4

"a() 0

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Loa% Me/or1 a$% Wor" Me/or1 i$ the CP*A9, )%*(,68 ,. )%698/&,%6; &&*, &ss86*6,; &6+ %8&* )&,%6 &6+ s,&=(s.68 ,.%6(6 )%66),%6; 3%/ )&6 +%06(%&+ )%*(, /s %8&*s % 6++/&( =(%)>s ,% & %8&**&=()%6,%(($ T% ,s, 6++/&( =(%)>s; 3%/ */s, +%06(%&+ &, (&s, %6 %8&6&,%6 =(%)> 4OB5 &6+ ,.9/6),%6 =(%)>s 4FB5 &6+ 9/6),%6s 4FC5 )&((+ 6 ,. OB &6+ ,. +&,& =(%)>s 4DB5 /s+$ T% +%06(%&+,. s3s,* +&,& )&,+ 0.6 ,. .&+0& 0&s )%698/+; ,. 6,0%>s )%698/+; &6+ ,.)%66),%6 ,&=( )&,+ ,% ,. %8&**&=( )%6,%((; 3%/ +%06(%&+ ,. %=), S3s,* D&,&$Y%/ +%06(%&+ /s %8&*s ,% & %8&**&=( )%6,%(( /s68 ,. SIMATIC M&6&8; 9% &*(;+/68 ,. 6+ .&s %9 ,. %8&* ,s,68 % ,% /6 ,. 96s.+ /s %8&*$Re#atio$shi( - Loa% Me/or1 a$% Wor" Me/or1T. )%*(, /s %8&* s +%06(%&++ ,% ,. (%&+ **%3 ,. &,s (&6, ,% %8&*)/,%6 & &(s% (%&++ 6,% ,. 0%> **%3$

CP* Loa% Me/or1

T. (%&+ **%3 s /s+ ,% s,% ,. /s %8&* 0,.%/, ,. s3*=%( ,&=( &6+ ,.)%**6,s 4,.s *&6 6 ,. **%3 %9 ,. %8&**68 +)5$

B(%)>s ,.&, & 6%, *&>+ &s /+ 9% s,&,/ 0(( = s,%+ %6(3 6 ,. (%&+ **%3$

T. (%&+ **%3 )&6 ,. = RAM; ROM; % EPROM **%3; +6+68 %6 ,.%8&**&=( )%6,%(($

CP* Wor" Me/or1T. 0%> **%3 46,8&,+ RAM5 s /s+ ,% s,% ,. &,s %9 ,. /s %8&* /+ 9%%8&* %)ss68$Possi:#e 'ow$#oa%i$6*(#oa%i$6 Pro!e%&resY%/ /s ,. +%06(%&+ 9/6),%6 ,% +%06(%&+ ,. /s %8&* % (%&+&=( %=),s 49% &*(;=(%)>s5 ,% ,. %8&**&=( )%6,%(($ I9 & =(%)> &(&+3 s,s 6 ,. RAM %9 ,. CPU; 3%/ 0(( =%*,+ ,% )%69* 0.,. % 6%, ,. =(%)> s.%/(+ = %0,,6$

Y%/ )&6 s(), ,. (%&+&=( %=),s 6 ,. %), 06+%0 &6+ +%06(%&+ ,.* 9%* ,.SIMATIC M&6&8 4*6/ )%**&6+: PLC H 'ow$#oa%5$

W.6 %8&**68 =(%)>s &6+ 0.6 )%698/68 .&+0& &6+ 6,0%>s 3%/ )&6 +),(3+%06(%&+ ,. %=), 3%/ 0 )/6,(3 +,68 /s68 ,. *6/ 6 ,. *&6 06+%0 %9 ,.&()&,%6 3%/ & 0%>68 0,. 4*6/ )%**&6+: PLC H 'ow$#oa%5$

A6%,. %ss=(,3 s ,% %6 &6 %6(6 06+%0 0,. & 0 %9 ,. %8&**&=( )%6,%(( 49%

&*(; /s68 iew H O$#i$e% PLC H 'is(#a1 A!!essi:#e No%es5 &6+ )%3 ,. %=),3%/ 0&6, ,% +%06(%&+ ,% ,. %6(6 06+%0$

A(,6&,(3 3%/ )&6 /(%&+ ,. )/6, )%6,6,s %9 =(%)>s 9%* ,. RAM (%&+ **%3 %9 ,. CPU ,%3%/ %8&**68 +) & ,. (%&+ 9/6),%6$

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#o!"s i$ the *ser Pro6ra/

T. STEP 7 %8&**68 s%9,0& &((%0s 3%/ ,% s,/),/ 3%/ /s %8&*; 6 %,. 0%+s ,% =&>+%06 ,. %8&* 6,% 6++/&(; s(9-)%6,&6+ %8&* s),%6s$ T.s .&s ,. 9%((%068 &+&6,&8s:

E,6s %8&*s & &s ,% /6+s,&6+$

I6++/&( %8&* s),%6s )&6 = s,&6+&++$

P%8&* %8&6&,%6 s s*(9+$

I, s &s ,% *&> *%+9)&,%6s ,% ,. %8&*$ D=/8868 s s*(9+ s6) 3%/ )&6 ,s, s&&, s),%6s$

C%**ss%668 3%/ s3s,* s *&+ */). &s$T. &*( %9 &6 6+/s,&( =(6+68 %)ss ((/s,&,+ ,. &+&6,&8s %9 =&>68 +%06 &6&/,%*&,%6 %)ss 6,% 6++/&( ,&s>s$ T. %8&* s),%6s %9 & s,/),/+ /s %8&*)%s%6+ ,% ,.s 6++/&( ,&s>s &6+ & >6%06 &s ,. =(%)>s %9 & %8&*$#o!" T1(esT. & s&( +996, ,3s %9 =(%)>s 3%/ )&6 /s 0,.6 &6 S7 /s %8&*:

#o!" rief 'es!ri(tio$ Of )&$!tio$O8&6&,%6 =(%)>s 4OB5 OBs +,*6 ,. s,/),/ %9 ,. /s %8&*$

S3s,* 9/6),%6 =(%)>s 4SFB5&6+ s3s,* 9/6),%6s 4SFC5 SFBs &6+ SFCs & 6,8&,+ 6 ,. S7 CPU &6+ &((%0 3%/&))ss ,% s%* *%,&6, s3s,* 9/6),%6s$

F/6),%6 =(%)>s 4FB5 FBs & =(%)>s 0,. & **%3 0.). 3%/ )&6 %8&* 3%/s(9$

F/6),%6s 4FC5 FCs )%6,&6 %8&* %/,6s 9% 9/6,(3 /s+ 9/6),%6s$

I6s,&6) +&,& =(%)>s46s,&6) DB5

I6s,&6) DBs & &ss%)&,+ 0,. ,. =(%)> 0.6 &6 FB"SFB s)&((+$ T.3 & )&,+ &/,%*&,)&((3 +/68 )%*(&,%6$

D&,& =(%)>s 4DB5 DBs & +&,& &&s 9% s,%68 /s +&,&$ I6 &++,%6 ,% ,. +&,&,.&, & &ss86+ ,% & 9/6),%6 =(%)>; s.&+ +&,& )&6 &(s% =+96+ &6+ /s+ =3 &63 =(%)>s$

OBs; FBs; SFBs; FCs; &6+ SFCs )%6,&6 s),%6s %9 ,. %8&* &6+ & ,.9% &(s% >6%06 &s(%8) =(%)>s$ T. *,,+ 6/*= %9 =(%)>s =(%)> ,3 &6+ ,. *,,+ (68,. %9 ,. =(%)>s sCPU-s)9)$

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'ATA T;PESI$tro%&!tio$ to 'ata T1(es a$% Para/eter T1(esA(( ,. +&,& 6 & /s %8&* */s, = +6,9+ =3 & +&,& ,3$ T. 9%((%068 +&,& ,3s &&&(&=(:

E(*6,&3 +&,& ,3s %++ =3 STEP 7

C%*( +&,& ,3s ,.&, 3%/ 3%/s(9 )&6 )&, =3 )%*=668 (*6,&3 +&,& ,3s

P&&*, ,3s 0,. 0.). 3%/ +96 &&*,s ,% = ,&6s9+ ,% FBs % FCs

Ge$era# I$for/atio$S,&,*6, Ls,; L&++ L%8); &6+ F/6),%6 B(%)> D&8&* 6s,/),%6s 0%> 0,. +&,& %=),s %9s)9) ss$ B, (%8) 6s,/),%6s 0%> 0,. =,s; 9% &*($ L%&+ &6+ ,&6s9 6s,/),%6s 4STL5&6+ *% 6s,/),%6s 4LAD &6+ FBD5 0%> 0,. =3,s; 0%+s; &6+ +%/=( 0%+s$A =, s & =6&3 +8, ! % 1$ A =3, s *&+ / %9 8., =,s; & 0%+ %9 1? =,s; &6+ & +%/=( 0%+ %9#2 =,s$M&,. 6s,/),%6s &(s% 0%> 0,. =3,s; 0%+s; % +%/=( 0%+s$ I6 ,.s =3,; 0%+; % +%/=( 0%+&++sss 3%/ )&6 )%+ 6/*=s %9 &%/s 9%*&,s s/). &s 6,8s &6+ 9(%&,68-%6, 6/*=s$W.6 3%/ /s s3*=%() &++ss68; 3%/ +96 s3*=%(s &6+ s)93 & +&,& ,3 9% ,.s s3*=%(s4s ,&=( =(%05$ D996, +&,& ,3s .& +996, 9%*&, %,%6s &6+ 6/*= 6%,&,%6s$T.s ).&, +s)=s %6(3 s%* %9 ,. 0&3s %9 0,68 6/*=s &6+ )%6s,&6,s$ T. 9%((%068 ,&=((s,s ,. 9%*&,s %9 6/*=s &6+ )%6s,&6,s ,.&, 0(( 6%, = (&6+ 6 +,&($)or/at Sie i$ its N&/:er Notatio$

H&+)*&( @; 1?; &6+ #2 BJ1?J; WJ1?J; &6+ DWJ1?J

B6&3 @; 1?; &6+ #2 2J

+&, 1? DJ

,* #2 TJ

T* %9 +&3 #2 TODJ

C.&&), @ 'A'

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T1(e a$%'es!ri(tio$

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)or/at O(tio$sRa$6e a$% N&/:erNotatio$ B#owestto hi6hest va#&eJ

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BYTE

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B1?J! ,% B1?JFFL BJ1?J1!

L =3,J1?J1!

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2$ ! ,%2J1111111111111111WJ1?J! ,% WJ1?JFFFF

CJ! ,% CJBJ4!$!5 ,% BJ42

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D)*&( 6/*= /6s86+BJ4!;!;!;!5 ,%BJ42

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PROGRAMMING IN STATEMENT LIST

What is State/e$t List?

S,&,*6, Ls, 4STL5 s & ,,/&( %8&**68 (&68/&8 ,.&, )&6 = /s+ ,% )&, ,. )%+ s),%6%9 (%8) =(%)>s$ I,s s36,& 9% s,&,*6,s s s*(& ,% &ss*=( (&68/&8 &6+ )%6ss,s %9 6s,/),%6s9%((%0+ =3 &++sss %6 0.). ,. 6s,/),%6s &),$

The Pro6ra//i$6 La$6&a6e STL

O9 &(( ,. %8&**68 (&68/&8s 0,. 0.). 3%/ )&6 %8&* S7 )%6,%((s; STL s ,. )(%ss, ,%,. *&).6 )%+ MC7 %9 ,. S7 CPU$ T.s *&6s ,.&, =3 /s68 , ,% %8&* S7 )%6,%((s; 3%/ )&6%,* ,. /6 ,* &6+ ,. /s %9 **%3$

T. %8&**68 (&68/&8 STL .&s &(( ,. 6)ss&3 (*6,s 9% )&,68 & )%*(, /s%8&*$ I, )%6,&6s & )%*.6s &68 %9 6s,/),%6s$ A ,%,&( %9 % 1#! +996, =&s)6s,/),%6s &6+ & 0+ &68 %9 &++sss & &&(&=($ F/6),%6s &6+ 9/6),%6 =(%)>s &((%0 3%/ ,%s,/),/ 3%/ STL %8&* )(&(3$

The Pro6ra//i$6 Pa!"a6e

T. STL %8&**68 &)>&8 s &6 6,8&( &, %9 ,. STEP 7 S,&6+&+ S%9,0&$ T.s *&6s ,.&,9%((%068 ,. 6s,&((&,%6 %9 3%/ STEP 7 s%9,0&; &(( ,. +,% 9/6),%6s; )%*( 9/6),%6s &6+,s,"+=/8 9/6),%6s 9% STL & &&(&=( ,% 3%/$Us68 STL; 3%/ )&6 )&, 3%/ %06 /s %8&* &s 9%((%0s:

W,. ,. I6)*6,&( E+,%$ T. 6/, %9 ,. (%)&( +&,& s,/),/ s *&+ &s 0,. ,. .( %9,&=( +,%s$

W,. & s%/) 9( 6 ,. T, E+,%$ T, 6/, s *&+ &s 0,. ,. .( %9 =(%)> ,*(&,s$

T. & ,. %8&**68 (&68/&8s 6 ,. s,&6+&+ s%9,0&; STL; FBD; &6+ LAD$ Y%/ )&6s0,). 9%* %6 (&68/&8 ,% ,. %,. &(*%s, 0,.%/, s,),%6 &6+ ).%%s ,. *%s, s/,&=((&68/&8 9% ,. &,)/(& =(%)> 3%/ & %8&**68$I9 3%/ 0, %8&*s 6 LAD % FBD; 3%/ )&6 &(0&3s s0,). % ,% ,. STL s6,&,%6$ I9 3%/)%6, LAD %8&*s 6,% FBD %8&*s &6+ ) s&; %8&* (*6,s ,.&, )&66%, =

s6,+ 6 ,. +s,6&,%6 (&68/&8 & +s(&3+ 6 STL$

A STATEMENT CONSISTS O) AN INSTR*CTION AN' AN A''RESS

A%%ress of a$ I$str&!tio$

T. &++ss %9 &6 6s,/),%6 6+)&,s & )%6s,&6, % ,. (%)&,%6 0. ,. 6s,/),%6 96+s & &(/4+&,& %=),5 %6 0.). ,% 9%* &6 %&,%6$ T. &++ss )&6 .& & s3*=%() 6&* % &6&=s%(/, +s86&,%6$ T. &++ss )&6 %6, ,% &63 %9 ,. 9%((%068 ,*s :

A )%6s,&6,; ,. &(/ %9 & ,* % )%/6,; % &6 ASCII ).&&), s,68 ,% = (%&++ 6,%&))/*/(&,% 1 49% &*(; L 27 S T&=( 2$15

A =, 6 ,. s,&,/s 0%+ %9 ,. %8&**&=( (%8) )%6,%((A s3*=%() 6&* 49% &*(; A M%,%$O6; s T&=( 2-#5A +&,& =(%)> &6+ & (%)&,%6 0,.6 ,. +&,& =(%)> && 49% &*(; L DB$DBD1!; s T&=( 2-5A 9/6),%6 4FC5; 9/6),%6 =(%)> 4FB5; 6,8&,+ s3s,* 9/6),%6 4SFC5; % 6,8&,+ s3s,* 9/6),%6=(%)> 4SFB5 &6+ ,. 6/*= %9 ,. 9/6),%6 % =(%)> 4s T&=( 2-

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COMMAN'S *SE' IN STATEMENT LIST

it Lo6i! I$str&!tio$s Nesti$6 C#ose%K Assi6$A A$%

AB A$% with Nesti$6 O(e$AN A$% NotANB A$% Not with Nesti$6 O(e$)N E%6e Ne6ative)P E%6e PositiveO OrO A$% :efore Or OB Or with Nesti$6 O(e$ON Or NotONB Or Not with Nesti$6 O(e$R ResetS Set

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C%*&s%6 I6s,/),%6s

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C%6s%6 I6s,/),%6s

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T' C' to 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-itE&*(:L MD1! L%&+ ,. BCD 6/*= 6,% ACCU 1$BTD C%6, 9%* BCD ,% 6,8 s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T MD2! T&6s9 s/(, 4+%/=( 6,8 6/*=5 ,% MD2!$

TI C' to I$te6er B,-it

E&*(:L MW1! L%&+ ,. BCD 6/*= 6,% ACCU 1-L$BTI C%6, 9%* BCD ,% 6,8 s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L$T MW2! T&6s9 s/(, 46,8 6/*=5 ,% MW2!$

CA' Cha$6e 1te Se&e$!e i$ ACC* , B3-itE&*(:L MD1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MD1! 6,% ACCU 1$CAD Rs ,. s/6) %9 =3,s 6 ACCU 1$T MD2! T&6s9 ,. s/(,s ,% MD2!$

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 CAD:ACCU 1-H-H: ACCU 1-H-L: ACCU 1-L-H: ACCU 1-L-L:&(/ A &(/ B &(/ C &(/ D

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &9, )/,%6 %9 CAD:ACCU 1-H-H: ACCU 1-H-L: ACCU 1-L-H: ACCU 1-L-L:&(/ D &(/ C &(/ B &(/ A

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CAW Cha$6e 1te Se&e$!e i$ ACC* ,-L B,-itE&*(:L MW1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MW1! 6,% ACCU 1$CAW Rs ,. s/6) %9 =3,s 6 ACCU 1-L$T MW2! T&6s9 ,. s/(, ,% MW2!$

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 CAW:

ACCU 1-H-H: ACCU 1-H-L: ACCU 1-L-H: ACCU 1-L-L:&(/ A &(/ B &(/ C &(/ D

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &9, )/,%6 %9 CAW:ACCU 1-H-H: ACCU 1-H-L: ACCU 1-L-H: ACCU 1-L-L:&(/ A &(/ B &(/ D &(/ C

'T 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-it to C'E&*(:L MD1! L%&+ ,. #2-=, 6,8 6,% ACCU 1$DTB C%6, 9%* 6,8 4#2-=,5 ,% BCD; s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T MD2! T&6s9 s/(, 4BCD 6/*=5 ,% MD2!$

'TR 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-it to )#oati$6-Poi$t N&/:er B3-it@ IEEE-)P

E&*(:L MD1! L%&+ ,. #2-=, 6,8 6,% ACCU 1$

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DTR C%6, 9%* +%/=( 6,8 ,% 9(%&,68 %6, 4#2-=, IEEE FP5 s,% s/(, 6ACCU 1$

T MD2! T&6s9 s/(, 4BCD 6/*=5 ,% MD2!$

IN' O$es Co/(#e/e$t 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-itE&*(:

B, #1 1? 1< !

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1=9% )/,%6 %9 INVD !11! 1111 1!!! 11!! !11! !!11 1!1! 111!

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1&9, )/,%6 %9 INVD 1!!1 !!!! !111 !!11 1!!1 11!! !1!1 !!!1

L ID@ L%&+ &(/ 6,% ACCU 1$INVD F%* %6s )%*(*6, 4#2-=,5$T MD1! T&6s9 s/(, ,% MD1!$

INI O$es Co/(#e/e$t I$te6er B,-itE&*(:B, 1< !C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L =9% )/,%6 %9 INVI !11! !!11 1!1! 111!C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L &9, )/,%6 %9 INVI 1!!1 11!! !1!1 !!!1

L IW@ L%&+ &(/ 6,% ACCU 1-L$INVI F%* %6s )%*(*6, 1?-=,$T MW1! T&6s9 s/(, ,% MW1!$

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IT I$te6er B,-it to C'E&*(:L MW1! L%&+ ,. 6,8 6/*= 6,% ACCU 1-L$ITB C%6, 9%* 6,8 ,% BCD 41?-=,5 s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L$T MW2! T&6s9 s/(, 4BCD 6/*=5 ,% MW2!$

IT' I$te6er B,-it to 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-itE&*(:L MW12 L%&+ ,. 6,8 6/*= 6,% ACCU 1$ITD C%6, 9%* 6,8 41?-=,5 ,% +%/=( 6,8 4#2-=,5 s,% s/(, 6ACCU 1$T MD2! T&6s9 s/(, 4+%/=( 6,85 ,% MD2!$

MW12 -1! 4I6,8; 1?-=,5:

ACCU 1-H ACCU 1-LB,: #1 1? : 1< !

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 ITD: XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX 1111 1111 1111 !11!C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &9, )/,%6 %9 ITD: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 !11!

4X ! % 1; =,s & 6%, /s+ 9% )%6s%65

NEGD T0%s C%*(*6, D%/=( I6,8 4#2-B,5E&*(:

ACCU 1-H ACCU 1-L

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B,: #1 $!C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 NEGD: !1!1 1111 !11! !1!! !1!1 11!1 !!11 1!!!C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &9, )/,%6 %9 NEGD: 1!1! !!!! 1!!1 1!11 1!1! !!1! 11!! 1!!!

L ID@ L%&+ &(/ 6,% ACCU 1$NEGD G6&, ,0%s )%*(*6, 4#2-=,5$T MD1! T&6s9 s/(, ,% MD1!$

NEGI Twos Co/(#e/e$t I$te6er B,-itE&*(:B, 1< !C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L =9% )/,%6 %9 NEGI !1!1 11!1 !!11 1!!!

C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L &9, )/,%6 %9 NEGI 1!1! !!1! 11!! 1!!!

L IW@ L%&+ &(/ 6,% ACCU 1-L$NEGI F%* ,0%s )%*(*6, 1?-=,$T MW1! T&6s9 s/(, ,% MW1!$

NEGR Ne6ate )#oati$6-Poi$t N&/:er B3-it@ IEEE-)PE&*(:L ID@ L%&+ &(/ 6,% ACCU 1 4&*(: ID @ 1$

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RN' Ro&$%E&*(:L MD1! L%&+ ,. 9(%&,68-%6, 6/*= 6,% ACCU 1-L$RND C%6, ,. 9(%&,68-%6, 6/*= 4#2-=,; IEEE-FP5 6,% &6 6,8 4#2-=,5&6+

%/6+ %99 ,. s/(,$T MD2! T&6s9 s/(, 4+%/=( 6,8 6/*=5 ,% MD2!$V&(/ =9% )%6s%6: V&(/ &9, )%6s%6:MD1! 1!!$

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RN'< Ro&$% to *((er 'o&:#e I$te6er

E&*(:L MD1! L%&+ ,. 9(%&,68-%6, 6/*= 4#2-=,; IEEE-FP5 6,% ACCU 1-L$RND C%6, ,. 9(%&,68-%6, 6/*= 4#2-=,; IEEE-FP5 ,% &6 6,8 4#2-=,5 &6+%/6+

s/(,$S,% %/,/, 6 ACCU 1$T MD2! T&6s9 s/(, 4+%/=( 6,8 6/*=5 ,% MD2!$V&(/ =9% )%6s%6: V&(/ &9, )%6s%6:MD1! 1!!$

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TR*NC Tr&$!ate

E&*(:L MD1! L%&+ ,. 9(%&,68-%6, 6/*= 6,% ACCU 1-L$TRUNC C%6, ,. 9(%&,68-%6, 6/*= 4#2-=,; IEEE-FP5 ,% &6 6,8 4#2-=,5 &6+%/6+

s/(,$S,% ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T MD2! T&6s9 s/(, 4+%/=( 6,8 6/*=5 ,% MD2!$V&(/ =9% )%6s%6: V&(/ &9, )%6s%6:MD1! 1!!$

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C%/6, I6s,/),%6s

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PAGE!

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C' Co&$ter 'ow$E&*(:L CJ1 C%/6, s, &(/$A I !$1 Ps, )%/6, &9, +,),%6 %9 s68 +8 %9 I !$1$S C1 L%&+ )%/6, 1 s, 9 6&=(+$A I !$! O6 )%/6, +%06 s68 +8 %9 I !$!$

CD C1 D)*6, )%/6, C1 =3 1 0.6 RL! ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1 +6+68 %66/,I !$!$

AN C1 % +,),%6 /s68 ,. C1 =,$ !$! !$! 1 9 )%/6, 1 &(/ s %$

C* Co&$ter *(E&*(:A I 2$1 I9 ,. s & %s, +8 ).&68 &, 6/, I 2$1$CU C# C%/6, C# s 6)*6,+ =3 1 0.6 RL! ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1$

L L%&+ C/6, C%/6, V&(/ 6,% ACCU 1E&*(:L C# L%&+ ACCU 1-L 0,. ,. )%/6, &(/ %9 )%/6, C# 6 =6&3 9%*&,$

LC L%&+ C/6, C%/6, V&(/ 6,% ACCU 1 &s BCDE&*(:LC C# L%&+ ACCU 1-L 0,. ,. )%/6, &(/ %9 )%/6, C# 6 =6&3 )%++ +)*&(9%*&,$

R Reset Co&$ter E&*(:A I 2$# C.)> s86&( s,&, &, 6/, I 2$#$R C# Rs, )%/6, C# ,% & &(/ %9 ! 9 RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1$

S Set Co&$ter Preset a#&eE&*(:A I 2$# C.)> s86&( s,&, &, 6/, I 2$#$L CJ# L%&+ )%/6, &(/ # 6,% ACCU 1-L$S C1 S, )%/6, C1 ,% )%/6, &(/ 9 RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1

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D&,& B(%)> I6s,/),%6s

)or/at> OPN %ata :#o!"HE&*(:

OPN DB1! O6 +&,& =(%)> DB1! &s & s.&+ +&,& =(%)>$L DBW#< L%&+ +&,& 0%+ #< %9 ,. %6+ +&,& =(%)> 6,% ACCU 1-L$T MW22 T&6s9 ,. )%6,6, %9 ACCU 1-L 6,% MW22$OPN DI2! O6 +&,& =(%)> DB2! &s &6 6s,&6) +&,& =(%)>$L DIB12 L%&+ +&,& =3, 12 %9 ,. %6+ 6s,&6) +&,& =(%)> 6,% ACCU 1-L$T DBB#7 T&6s9 ,. )%6,6, %9 ACCU 1-L ,% +&,& =3, #7 %9 ,. %6+ s.&+ +&,&

=(%)>$

L%8) C%6,%( I6s,/),%6sC &/( if RLO K ,E&*(:

A I 1$!

A I 1$2C OVR /* 9 RLO1 ,% /* (&=( OVR$L IW@ P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$T MW22

OVR: A I 2$1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( OVR$

C &/( if RLO K , with RE&*(:

A I 1$!A I 1$2CB OVR /* 9 RLO 1 ,% /* (&=( OVR$ C%3 ,. )%6,6,s %9 ,. RLO =,

6,% ,. BR =,$L IW@ P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$T MW22

OVR: A I 2$1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( OVR$

CN &/( if RLO K 0E&*(:

A I 1$!A I 1$2CN OVR /* 9 RLO ! ,% /* (&=( OVR$L IW@ P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$

T MW22OVR: A I 2$1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( OVR$

M &/( if Mi$&sE&*(:

L IW@L MW12-I ""S/=,&), )%6,6,s %9 MW12 9%* )%6,6,s %9 IW@$M NEG ""/* 9 s/(, Q ! 4,.&, s; )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 Q !5$AN M $! ""P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$S M $!

U NEXTNEG: AN M $1 ""P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( NEG$

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S M $1NEXT: NOP ! ""P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( NEXT$

M &/( if Mi$&s or eroE&*(:L IW@

L MW12-I S/=,&), )%6,6,s %9 MW12 9%* )%6,6,s %9 IW@$M RGE! /* 9 s/(, Q! 4,.&, s; )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 Q !5$AN M $! P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$S M $!U NEXTRGE!: AN M $1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( RGE!$S M $1NEXT: NOP ! P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( NEXT$

N &/( if Not eroE&*(:

L IW@L MW12XOWN NOE /* 9 ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L & 6%, /&( ,% %$AN M $! P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$S M $!U NEXT

NOE: AN M $1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( NOE$S M $1

NEXT: NOP ! P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( NEXT$

P &/( if P#&sE&*(:

L IW@L MW12-I S/=,&), )%6,6,s %9 MW12 9%* )%6,6,s %9 IW@$P POS /* 9 s/(, ! 4,.&, s; ACCU 1 !5$AN M $! P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$S M $!U NEXT

POS: AN M $1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( POS$S M $1


P &/( if P#&s or eroE&*(:

L IW@L MW12-I S/=,&), )%6,6,s %9 MW12 9%* )%6,6,s %9 IW@$P REG! /* 9 s/(, ! 4,.&, s; )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 !5$AN M $! P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$S M $!U NEXT

REG!: AN M $1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( REG!$S M $1NEXT: NOP ! P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( NEXT$

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* &/( *$!o$%itio$a#E&*(:

A I 1$!A I 1$2C DELE /* 9 RLO1 ,% /* (&=( DELE$

L MB1!INC 1T MB1!U FORW /* /6)%6+,%6&((3 ,% /* (&=( FORW$

DELE: L !T MB1!

FORW: A I 2$1 P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( FORW$

*O &/( if *$or%ere%E&*(:

L MD1!L ID2"D D+ )%6,6,s %9 MD1! =3 )%6,6,s %9 ID2$UO ERRO /* 9 +s%6 =3 % 4,.&, s; ID2 !5$T MD1 P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$A M $!R M $!U NEXT

ERRO: AN M $! P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( ERRO$S M $!


&/( if eroE&*(:

L MW1!SRW 1 ERO /* ,% /* (&=( ERO 9 =, ,.&, .&s =6 s.9,+ %/, !$L MW2 P%8&* s)&6 )%6,6/s . 9 /* s 6%, )/,+$INC 1T MW2U NEXT

ERO: L MW P%8&* s)&6 s/*s . &9, /* ,% /* (&=( ERO$INC 1T MW


LOOP Loo(E&*( 9% )&()/(&,68 ,. 9&),% %9

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L%&+ &6+ T&6s9 I6s,/),%6sL Loa%L Q&++ss (%&+s ,. &++ss+ =3,; 0%+; % +%/=( 0%+ 6,% ACCU 1 &9, ,. %(+ )%6,6,s %9ACCU 1 .& =6 s&+ 6,% ACCU 2; &6+ ACCU 1 s s, ,% !$

E&*(:L IB1! L%&+ 6/, =3, IB1! 6,% ACCU 1-L-L$

L MB12! L%&+ **%3 =3, MB12! 6,% ACCU 1-L-L$L DBB12 L%&+ +&,& =3, DBB12 6,% ACCU 1-L-L$L DIW1< L%&+ 6s,&6) +&,& 0%+ DIW1< 6,% ACCU 1-L$L LD2

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F(%&,68-P%6, M&,. I6s,/),%6s B&s)R Mti(#1 ACC* , a$% ACC* as )#oati$6 Poi$t N&/:ers B3-it IEEE-)PE&*(:OPN DB1!L ID1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 ID1! 6,% ACCU 1$L MD1 L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MD1 6,%

ACCU 1$R M/(,(3 ACCU 2 &6+ ACCU 1 s,% ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T DBD2< T. )%6,6, %9 ACCU 1 4s/(,5 s ,&6s9+ ,% DBD2< 6 DB1!$

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F(%&,68-P%6, M&,. I6s,/),%6s: E,6++

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I6,8 M&,. I6s,/),%6s< A%% I$te6er Co$sta$t B,@ 3 it Q6,8 )%6s,&6, &++s ,. 6,8 )%6s,&6, ,% ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &6+ s,%s ,. s/(, 6ACCU 1$ T. 6s,/),%6 s )/,+ 0,.%/, 8&+ ,%; &6+ 0,.%/, &99),68; ,. s,&,/s 0%+ =,s$T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% 2 *&6 /6).&68+ 9% CPUs 0,. ,0% ACCUs$T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% # & )%+ 6,% &))/*/(&,% 2; &6+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% &)%+ 6,% &))/*/(&,% # 9% CPUs 0,. 9%/ ACCUs$ T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% *&6

/6).&68+$

Q1?-=, 6,8 )%6s,&6,: A++s & 1?-=, 6,8 )%6s,&6, 46 ,. &68 %9 -#27?@ ,% #27?75 ,% ,.)%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L &6+ s,%s ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L$T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% 2 *&6 /6).&68+ 9% CPUs 0,. ,0% ACCUs$T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% # & )%+ 6,% &))/*/(&,% 2; &6+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% &)%+ 6,% &))/*/(&,% # 9% CPUs 0,. 9%/ ACCUs$ T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% *&6/6).&68+$ Q#2-=, 6,8 )%6s,&6,: A++s & #2-=, 6,8 )%6s,&6, 46 ,. &68 %9 -2;17;@#;?@ ,%2;17;@#;?75 ,% ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &6+ s,%s ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1$

T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% 2 *&6 /6).&68+ 9% CPUs 0,. ,0% ACCUs$T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% # & )%+ 6,% &))/*/(&,% 2; &6+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% &

)%+ 6,% &))/*/(&,% # 9% CPUs 0,. 9%/ ACCUs$ T. )%6,6,s %9 &))/*/(&,% *&6/6).&68+$

E&*( 1:L IW1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 IW1! 6,% ACCU 1-L$L MW1 L%&+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L ,% ACCU 2-L$ L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MW1 6,%

ACCU 1-L$I A++ ACCU 2-L &6+ ACCU 1-L s,% ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L$ 2< A++ ACCU 1-L &6+ 2

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L MD1 L%&+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MD1 6,%ACCU 1$-D S/=,&), ACCU 1 9%* ACCU 2 s,% ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T DB1$DBD2< T. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 4s/(,5 & ,&6s9+ ,% DBD2< %9 DB1$

' Mti(#1 ACC* , a$% ACC* as 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-it

E&*(:L ID1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 ID1! 6,% ACCU 1$L MD1 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 MD1 6,% ACCU 1$D M/(,(3 ACCU 2 &6+ ACCU 1 s,% ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T DB1$DBD2< T. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 4s/(,5 & ,&6s9+ ,% DBD2< 6 DB1$

' 'ivi%e ACC* :1 ACC* , as 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-itE&*(:L ID1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 ID1! 6,% ACCU 1$L MD1 L%&+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MD1 6,%ACCU 1$"D D+ ACCU 2 =3 ACCU 1 s,% ,. s/(, 4/%,6,5 6 ACCU 1$T MD2! T. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 4s/(,5 & ,&6s9+ ,% MD2!$

E&*( &=%: 1# +++ =3 C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 2 =9% 6s,/),%6 4ID1!5: 1#C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 =9% 6s,/),%6 4MD15: I6s,/),%6 "D 4ACCU 2 " ACCU 15 : 1#"C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &9, 6s,/),%6 4/%,6,5: #

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I 'ivi%e ACC* :1 ACC* , as I$te6er B,-itE&*(:

L IW1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 IW1! 6,% ACCU 1-L$L MW1 L%&+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L 6,% ACCU 2-L$L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MW1 6,%

ACCU 1-L$"I D+ ACCU 2-L =3 ACCU 1-L s,% ,. s/(, 6 ACCU 1:ACCU 1-L:

/%,6,;ACCU 1-H: *&6+

T MD2! T. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 4s/(,5 & ,&6s9+ ,% MD2!$E&*( &=%: 1# +++ =3 C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 2-L =9% 6s,/),%6 4IW1!5: 1#C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L =9% 6s,/),%6 4MW15: I6s,/),%6 "I 4ACCU 2-L " ACCU 1-L5: 1#"C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L &9, 6s,/),%6 4/%,6,5: #C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-H &9, 6s,/),%6 4*&6+5: 1

MO' 'ivisio$ Re/ai$%er 'o&:#e I$te6er B3-itE&*(:L ID1! L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 ID1! 6,% ACCU 1$L MD1 L%&+ ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MD1 6,%ACCU 1$MOD D+ ACCU 2 =3 ACCU 1; s,% ,. s/(, 4*&6+5 6 ACCU 1$T MD2! T. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 4s/(,5 & ,&6s9+ ,% MD2!$E&*( &=% : 1# +++ =3 C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 2 =9% 6s,/),%6 4ID1!5: 1#C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 =9% 6s,/),%6 4MD15: I6s,/),%6 MOD 4ACCU 2 " ACCU 15: 1#"C%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 &9, 6s,/),%6 4*&6+5: #

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P%8&* C%6,%( I6s,/),%6sE #o!" E$%BE 4=(%)> 6+5 ,*6&,s ,. %8&* s)&6 6 ,. )/6, =(%)> &6+ )&/ss & /* ,% ,. =(%)> ,.&,)&((+ ,. )/6, =(%)>$ T. %8&* s)&6 s/*s 0,. ,. 9s, 6s,/),%6 ,.&, 9%((%0s ,. =(%)> )&((s,&,*6, 6 ,. )&((68 %8&*$

EC #o!" E$% Co$%itio$a#I9 RLO 1; ,.6 BEC 4=(%)> 6+ )%6+,%6&(5 6,/,s ,. %8&* s)&6 6 ,. )/6, =(%)> &6+)&/ss & /* ,% ,. =(%)> ,.&, )&((+ ,. )/6, =(%)>$

E&*(:A I 1$! U+&, RLO$BEC E6+ =(%)> 9 RLO 1$L IW C%6,6/ . 9 BEC s 6%, )/,+; RLO !$T MW1!

E* #o!" E$% *$!o$%itio$a#BEU 4=(%)> 6+ /6)%6+,%6&(5 ,*6&,s ,. %8&* s)&6 6 ,. )/6, =(%)> &6+ )&/ss & /* ,%,. =(%)> ,.&, )&((+ ,. )/6, =(%)>$ T. %8&* s)&6 s/*s 0,. ,. 9s, 6s,/),%6 ,.&, 9%((%0s,. =(%)> )&(($E&*(:A I 1$!C NEXT /* ,% NEXT /* (&=( 9 RLO 1 4I 1$! 15$L IW C%6,6/ . 9 6% /* s )/,+$T IW1!A I ?$!A I ?$1S M 12$!BEU B(%)> 6+ /6)%6+,%6&($

NEXT: NOP ! C%6,6/ . 9 /* s )/,+$

CALL #o!" Ca##CALL Q(%8) =(%)> +6,9 s /s+ ,% )&(( 9/6),%6s 4FCs5 % 9/6),%6 =(%)>s 4FBs5; s3s,* 9/6),%6s4SFCs5 % s3s,* 9/6),%6 =(%)>s 4SFBs5 3%/ )&,+ 3%/s(9 % ,% )&(( ,. s,&6+&+ -%8&**+=(%)>s s.+ =3 S*6s$ T. CALL 6s,/),%6 )&((s ,. FC &6+ SFC % ,. FB &6+ SFB ,.&, 3%/6/, &s &6 &++ss; 6+6+6, %9 ,. RLO % &63 %,. )%6+,%6$

E&*(: CALL FB1; DB1 % CALL FILLVAT1; RECIPE1

Lo6i! #o!" #o!" T1(e A:so#&te A%%ress Ca## S1$ta9

FC F/6),%6 CALL FC6SFC S3s,* 9/6),%6 CALL SFC6FB F/6),%6 =(%)> CALL FB61;DB62SFB S3s,* 9/6),%6 =(%)> CALL SFB61;DB62

E&*( 1: Ass8668 &&*,s ,% ,. FC? )&((CALL FC?F%*&( &&*, A),/&( &&*,NO OF TOOL : MW1!!TIME OUT : MW11!FOUND: !$1ERROR : 1!!$!

E&*( 2: C&((68 &6 SFC 0,.%/, &&*,sCALL SFC# C&(( SFC# ,% -,88 0&,).+%8 ,* 46% &&*,s5$

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E&*( #: C&((68 FB 0,. 6s,&6) +&,& =(%)> DB1CALL FB;DB1F%*&( &&*, A),/&( &&*,MAXRPM : JRPM1MAXMINRPM : JRPM2MAXPOWER : JPOWERMAXTEMP : JTEMP

E&*( : C&((68 FB 0,. 6s,&6) +&,& =(%)> DB2CALL FB;DB2F%*&( &&*, A),/&( &&*,MAXRPM : JRPM#MAXMINRPM : JRPM2MAXPOWER : JPOWER1MAXTEMP : JTEMP

CC Co$%itio$a# Ca##CC Q(%8) =(%)> +6,9 4)%6+,%6&( =(%)> )&((5 )&((s & (%8) =(%)> 9 RLO1$ CC s /s+ ,% )&(( (%8)=(%)>s %9 ,. FC % SFC ,3 0,.%/, &&*,s$E&*(:A I 2$! C.)> s86&( s,&, &, 6/, I 2$!$CC FC? C&(( 9/6),%6 FC? 9 I 2$! s 1$A M #$! E)/,+ /%6 ,/6 9%* )&((+ 9/6),%6 4I 2$! 15 % +),(3 &9, A I 2$!

s,&,*6, 9 I 2$! !$

*C *$!o$%itio$a# Ca##UC Q(%8) =(%)> +6,9 4/6)%6+,%6&( =(%)> )&((5 )&((s & (%8) =(%)> %9 ,. FC % SFC ,3$ UC s(> ,. CALL 6s,/),%6; ), ,.&, 3%/ )&66%, ,&6s9 &&*,s 0,. ,. )&((+ =(%)>$

E&*( 1:UC FC? C&(( 9/6),%6 FC? 40,.%/, &&*,s5$

E&*( 2:UC SFC# C&(( s3s,* 9/6),%6 SFC# 40,.%/, &&*,s5$

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S.9, I6s,/),%6s

SL' Shift Left 'o&:#e Wor% B3-itSLD Q6/*=: T. 6/*= %9 s.9,s s s)9+ =3 ,. &++ss Q6/*=$ T. *ss=( &(/&68 s 9%* ! ,% #2$ T. s,&,/s 0%+ =,s CC ! &6+ OV & s, ,% % 9 Q6/*= s 8&, ,.&6%$ I9 Q6/*= s /&( ,% %; ,.6 ,. s.9, 6s,/),%6 s 8&++ &s & NOP %&,%6$E&*(s:

ACCU 1-H ACCU 1-L B,: #1 1? 1< !ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 SLD

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ACCU 1 &9, )/,%6 %9 SRW ?: !1!1 1111 !11! !1!! !!!! !!!1 !111!1!!

E&*( 1:L MW L%&+ &(/ 6,% ACCU 1$SRW ? S.9, =,s 6 ACCU 1-L s (&)s ,% ,. 8.,$T MW@ T&6s9 s/(, ,% MW@$

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T* I6s,/),%6s

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S' O$-'e#a1 Ti/er SD Q,* s,&,s ,. &++ss+ ,* 0.6 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1$ T. %8&**+,* 6,&( (&ss &s (%68 &s RLO 1$ T. ,* s s,%+ 9 RLO ,&6s,%6s ,% ! =9% ,.%8&**+ ,* 6,&( .&s +$ T.s ,* s,&, 6s,/),%6 ),s ,. ,* &(/ &6+ ,. ,*=&s ,% = s,%+ &s & BCD 6/*= 6 ACCU 1-L$

E&*(:A I 2$1L S

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SE E9te$%e% Pse Ti/er SE Q,* s,&,s ,. &++ss+ ,* 0.6 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1$ T. %8&**+,* 6,&( (&ss; 6 9 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s ,% ! 6 ,. *&6,*$ T. %8&**+ ,*6,&( s s,&,+ &8&6 9 RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1 =9% ,. %8&**+ ,* .&s +$T.s ,* s,&, )%**&6+ ),s ,. ,* &(/ &6+ ,. ,* =&s ,% = s,%+ &s & BCD 6/*= 6ACCU 1-L$E&*(:A I 2$1

L S s86&( s,&, %9 ,* T1$ $!

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PAGE?1

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S) Off-'e#a1 Ti/er SF Q,* s,&,s ,. &++ss+ ,* 0.6 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* 1 ,% !$ T. %8&**+,* (&ss &s (%68 &s RLO !$ T. ,* s s,%+ 9 RLO ,&6s,%6s ,% 1 =9% ,. %8&**+,* 6,&( .&s +$ T.s ,* s,&, )%**&6+ ),s ,. ,* &(/ &6+ ,. ,* =&s ,% =s,%+ &s & BCD 6/*= 6 ACCU 1-L$E&*(:

A I 2$1L S s86&( s,&, %9 ,* T1$ $!

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PAGE?#

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SP Pse Ti/er SP Q,* s,&,s ,. &++ss+ ,* 0.6 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1$ T. %8&**+,* (&ss &s (%68 &s RLO 1$ T. ,* s s,%+ 9 RLO ,&6s,%6s ,% ! =9% ,.%8&**+ ,* 6,&( .&s +$ T.s ,* s,&, )%**&6+ ),s ,. ,* &(/ &6+ ,. ,*=&s ,% = s,%+ &s & BCD 6/*= 6 ACCU 1-L$E&*(:A I 2$1L S s86&( s,&, %9 ,* T1$ $!

PAGE?

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PAGE?

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SS Rete$tive O$-'e#a1 Ti/er SS Q,* 4s,&, ,* &s & ,6, ON ,*5 s,&,s ,. &++ss+ ,* 0.6 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s9%* ! ,% 1$ T. 9/(( %8&**+ ,* 6,&( (&ss; 6 9 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s ,% ! 6 ,.*&6,*$ T. %8&**+ ,* 6,&( s -,88+ 4s,&,+ &8&65 9 RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,%1 =9% ,. %8&**+ ,* .&s +$ T.s ,* s,&, )%**&6+ ),s ,. ,* &(/ &6+,. ,* =&s ,% = s,%+ &s & BCD 6/*= 6 ACCU 1-L$

E&*(:A I 2$1L S s86&( s,&, %9 ,* T1$ $!

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R Reset Ti/er R Q,* s,%s ,. )/6, ,*68 9/6),%6 &6+ )(&s ,. ,* &(/ &6+ ,. ,* =&s %9 ,.&++ss+ ,* 0%+ 9 ,. RLO ,&6s,%6s 9%* ! ,% 1$E&*(:A I 2$1R T1 C.)> ,. s86&( s,&, %9 6/, I 2$1 I9 RLO ,&6s,%6+ 9%* ! 1; ,.6 s, ,*

T1$

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W%+ L%8) I6s,/),%6sA' AN' 'o&:#e Wor% B3-itAD 4AND +%/=( 0%+5 )%*=6s ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 0,. ACCU 2 % & #2-=, )%6s,&6, =, =3 =,&))%+68 ,% ,. B%%(&6 (%8) %&,%6 AND$ A =, 6 ,. s/(, +%/=( 0%+ s 1 %6(3 0.6 ,.)%s%6+68 =,s %9 =%,. +%/=( 0%+s )%*=6+ 6 ,. (%8) %&,%6 & 1$

E&*(s:

B,: #1 B,:!ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 AD: !1!1 !!!! 1111 11!! 1!!! 1!!1 !!11 1!11ACCU 2 % #2-=, )%6s,&6,: 1111 !!11 1!!! !1!1 !111 !11! 1!11 !1!1

Rs/(, 4ACCU 15 &9, )/,%6 %9 AD:!1!1 !!!! 1!!! !1!! !!!! !!!! !!11 !!!1

L ID2! L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ID2! 6,% ACCU 1$L ID2 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ID2 6,% ACCU 1$AD C%*=6 =,s 9%* ACCU 1 0,. ACCU 2 =3 AND; s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T MD@ T&6s9 s/(, ,% MD@$

AW AN' Wor% B,-itAW 4AND 0%+5 )%*=6s ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L 0,. ACCU 2-L % & 1? =,-)%6s,&6, =, =3 =,&))%+68 ,% ,. B%%(&6 (%8) %&,%6 AND$ A =, 6 ,. s/(, 0%+ s 1 %6(3 0.6 ,.)%s%6+68 =,s %9 =%,. 0%+s )%*=6+ 6 ,. (%8) %&,%6 & 1$E&*(s:

B,: 1< B,:!ACCU 1-L =9% )/,%6 %9 AW: !1!1 1!!1 !!11 1!11ACCU 2-L % 1?-=, )%6s,&6,: 1111 !11! 1!11 !1!1Rs/(, 4ACCU 1-L5 &9, )/,%6 %9 AW: !1!1 !!!! !!11 !!!1

L IW2! L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 IW2! 6,% ACCU 1-L$L IW22 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 IW22 6,% ACCU 1-L$AW C%*=6 =,s 9%* ACCU 1-L 0,. ACCU 2-L =,s =3 AND s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L$T MW @ T&6s9 s/(, ,% MW@$

O' OR 'o&:#e Wor% B3-itOD 4OR +%/=( 0%+5 )%*=6s ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 0,. ACCU 2 % & #2-=, )%6s,&6, =, =3 =,&))%+68 ,% ,. B%%(&6 (%8) %&,%6 OR$ A =, 6 ,. s/(, +%/=( 0%+ s 1 0.6 &, (&s, %6 %9,. )%s%6+68 =,s %9 =%,. +%/=( 0%+s )%*=6+ 6 ,. (%8) %&,%6 s 1$

E&*(s:

B,: #1 B,:!ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 OD: !1!1 !!!! 1111 11!! 1!!! !1!1 !!11 1!11ACCU 2 % #2-=, )%6s,&6,: 1111 !!11 1!!! !1!1 !111 !11! 1!11 !1!1

Rs/(, 4ACCU 15 &9, )/,%6 %9 OD:1111 !!11 1111 11!1 1111 !111 1!11 1111

L ID2! L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ID2! 6,% ACCU 1$L ID2 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ID2 6,% ACCU 1$OD C%*=6 =,s 9%* ACCU 1 0,. ACCU 2 =,s =3 OR s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T MD@ T&6s9 s/(, ,% MD@$

OW OR Wor% B,-itOW 4OR 0%+5 )%*=6s ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L 0,. ACCU 2-L % & 1? =,-)%6s,&6, =, =3 =,&))%+68 ,% ,. B%%(&6 (%8) %&,%6 OR$ A =, 6 ,. s/(, 0%+ s 1 0.6 &, (&s, %6 %9 ,.)%s%6+68 =,s %9 =%,. 0%+s )%*=6+ 6 ,. (%8) %&,%6 s 1$E&*(s:

B,: 1< B,:!ACCU 1-L =9% )/,%6 %9 OW: !1!1 !1!1 !!11 1!11

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ACCU 2-L % 1? =, )%6s,&6,: 1111 !11! 1!11 !1!1Rs/(, 4ACCU 1-L5 &9, )/,%6 %9 OW: 1111 !111 1!11 1111

L IW2! L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 IW2! 6,% ACCU 1-L$L IW22 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 IW22 6,% ACCU 1-L$OW C%*=6 =,s 9%* ACCU 1-L 0,. ACCU 2-L =3 OR; s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L$T MW@ T&6s9 s/(, ,% MW@$

FO' E9!#&sive OR 'o&:#e Wor% B3-itXOD 4XOR +%/=( 0%+5 )%*=6s ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 0,. ACCU 2 % & #2-=, )%6s,&6, =, =3=, &))%+68 ,% ,. B%%(&6 (%8) %&,%6 XOR 4E)(/s O5$ A =, 6 ,. s/(, +%/=( 0%+ s 10.6 %6(3 %6 %9 ,. )%s%6+68 =,s %9 =%,. +%/=( 0%+s )%*=6+ 6 ,. (%8) %&,%6 s 1$E&*(s:

B,: #1 B,:!ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 XOD: !1!1 !!!! 1111 11!! 1!!! !1!1 !!11 1!11ACCU 2 % #2-=, )%6s,&6,: 1111 !!11 1!!! !1!1 !111 !11! 1!11 !1!1Rs/(, 4ACCU 15 &9, )/,%6 %9 OD:1!1! !!11 !111 1!!1 1111 !!11 1!!! 111!

L ID2! L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ID2! 6,% ACCU 1$L ID2 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ID2 6,% ACCU 1$XOD C%*=6 =,s 9%* ACCU 1 0,. ACCU 2 =3 XOR s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1$T MD@ T&6s9 s/(, ,% MD@$

FOW E9!#&sive OR Wor% B,-itXOW 4XOR 0%+5 )%*=6s ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L 0,. ACCU 2-L % & 1? =,-)%6s,&6, =, =3 =,&))%+68 ,% ,. B%%(&6 (%8) %&,%6 XOR$ A =, 6 ,. s/(, 0%+ s 1 %6(3 0.6 %6 %9 ,.)%s%6+68 =,s %9 =%,. 0%+s )%*=6+ 6 ,. (%8) %&,%6 s 1$E&*(s:

B,: 1< B,:!

ACCU 1 =9% )/,%6 %9 XOW: !1!1 !1!1 !!11 1!11ACCU 2-L % 1?-=, )%6s,&6,: 1111 !11! 1!11 !1!1Rs/(, 4ACCU 15 &9, )/,%6 %9 XOW: 1!1! !!11 1!!! 111!

L IW2! L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 IW2! 6,% ACCU 1-L$L IW22 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1 6,% ACCU 2$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ID2 6,% ACCU 1-L$XOW C%*=6 =,s %9 ACCU 1-L 0,. ACCU 2-L =,s =3 XOR; s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L$T MW@ T&6s9 s/(, ,% MW@$

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A!!&/ator I$str&!tio$s

'EC 'e!re/e$t ACC* ,-L-LE&*(:L MB2

T MB2 ,% MB2

INC I$!re/e$t ACC* ,-L-LE&*(:L MB22 L%&+ ,. &(/ %9 MB22INC 1 I6s,/),%6 I6)*6, ACCU 1 4MB225 =3 1 s,% s/(, 6 ACCU 1-L-LT MB22 T&6s9 ,. )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L-L 4s/(,5 =&)> ,% MB22

TA2 To66#e ACC* , with ACC*

E&*(:S/=,&), s*&(( &(/ 9%* 8&, &(/:E&*(:

L MW1! L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 MW1! 6,% ACCU 1-L$L MW12 L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L 6,% ACCU 2-L$L%&+ )%6,6,s %9 MW126,% ACCU 1-I C.)> 9 ACCU 2-L 4MW1!5 8&, ,.&6 ACCU 1-L 4MW125$C NEXT /* ,% NEXT /* (&=( 9 ACCU 2 4MW1!5 s 8&, ,.&6 ACCU 1

4MW125$TAK S0& )%6,6,s ACCU 1 &6+ ACCU 2

NEXT: -I S/=,&), )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 2-L 9%* )%6,6,s %9 ACCU 1-L$T MW1 T&6s9 s/(, 4 8&, &(/ *6/s s*&(( &(/5 ,% MW1$

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PROGRAMMING EFAMPLES

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