363 krishna wind_solar_hybrid_iitb

Mechatronic Systems Engineering Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Ropar

By K. Vijayaraghavan1*, H. Tyagi2, M. Singh1, S. Randhawa1

1: Simon Fraser University; 2: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar

*: [email protected]

WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS

PRESENTED AT4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES

IN ENERGY RESEARCH



4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363

OUTLINE

• Introduction• Photovoltaic Module• Wind Turbine• Battery Bank• Control System• Simulation• Conclusion





INTRODUCTION




INDIA’S CRUMBLING ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE

•Due to rapid economic growth, electricity demand has skyrocketed in India

• Rapid rise in the living standards.

• Increase in demand for electricity for running various appliances, as well as for heating and air-conditioning equipment

•Places tremendous strain on ailing centralized grid burning fossil fuel




RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA•80,000 villages are without electricity [1]

• Amounts to nearly 200 000 people [1]

•Many villages are un-electrifiable dues to remoteness

•Renewable energy poses as a viable alternative due to verstality

• As per gov. estimates, India receives 5,000tn kWh/year, of solar radiation

• Typically, it has been observed that the wind is stronger during winter and spring, then depletes during the summer

• Highlights the advantage of a hybrid of both a photovoltaic module and wind turbine system




HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

• The model proposed will consist of:1. Photovoltaic (PV) Module

2. Wind Turbine (WT)

3. Battery Bank

4. Microcontroller to implement control algorithms





Photovoltaic Module




PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE Equivalent Circuit of PV

Module:Open Circuit Voltage

Voc 0.665 V

Short Circuit Current

Isc 5.75 A

Voltage at max power

Vmpp 0.560 V

Current at max power

Impp 5.35 A

Maximum Power

Pm 3.0 W

SUNPOWER A300 Solar cell Specifications:

•Full module consists of 200 mono-crystalline cells all connected in series (Value used in MATLAB simulation

•MATLAB model is implemented in a way that a current is calculated from a given voltage, solar irradiance and ambient temperature




TYPICAL I-V AND P-V CURVE OF PV CELL

• PV cell produces an I-V curve due to the varying source• The point where the cell produces its maximum power, this point

is called the Maximum Power Point (MPP)• MPP tracking algorithms are implemented to keep the cell

operating at its optimum power.

Typical I-V and P-V curves of a PV module [7]





Wind Turbine




WIND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM• Aeolos-H 500w Wind

Turbine Specifications:• Power generation curve:

Cut-in Velocity

Vci 2.5 m/s

Cut-off Velocity

Vco 45m/s

Rated Velocity

Vr 12 m/s

•MATLAB function takes in wind speed parameter and outputs a corresponding power value as per the specifications above





Battery Bank




BATTERY BANK MATHEMATICAL MODEL

Cb)*P/(1000 +1)-SOC(t =SOC(t)

• To ensure the battery is used in an efficient manner the State of Charge must be monitored continually

•Charging Equation:

(1)

•Discharging Equation:

Cb)*P/(1000 -1)-SOC(t =SOC(t) (2)

•Where Cb is the total nominal capacity of the battery in kilowatt-hours [2]

•MATLAB function takes in the amount of power demanded (P) and updates the SOC of the battery





Control System




CONTROL SYSTEM OBJECTIVES

• The interaction of all aspects in the HPS can be staggering and may lead to a loss in efficiency.

• These can be overcome by implementing control mechanisms to optimize the performance of the system.

• Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)• Monitoring the State of Charge (SOC) and Depth of

Discharge (DOD) of the battery bank.




MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

• The point where the cell produces its maximum power, this point is called the Maximum Power Point (MPP)

• Perturbation and Observation Method (P&O) was used in this simulation

• This method functions by periodically perturbing the array terminal voltage and comparing the current PV power output with that of the previous perturbation cycle [10]




CONTROL FLOW ALGORITHM

• In order for the HPS to run in a smooth and environmentally manner optimal it must be controlled by an effective system

• Power produced from the WT and PV module has priority over the battery bank in providing power to the load

• Battery is used only when the demand is higher than the capacity of the power produced by the WT and PV module

• The control system must also utilize any surplus power encountered to charge the battery





Start Loop

Gather Data

PWIND (PW); PSOLAR (PS); PDEMAND (PD)

P = (PW + PS) - PD

P≥0

BATTERY CHARGED?

ENOUGH POWER FROM

BATTERY?

SUPPLY LOAD

CHARGE BATTERY WITH SURPLUS

DISCHARGE BATTERY TO LOAD LOAD

DEFICIT

SUPPLY LOAD

DUMP SURPLUS

Y N

Y YNN

End Loop





• The PV module and WT would be connected to a controller, which will regulate the flow of power to the load and to the battery through assigning duty cycles to an assortment of converters





Simulation




LOAD PROFILE AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA

•Residential lighting load in Maharashtra was scaled down to 80% to its original value to be a suitable load for the modeled system

•Can be correlated with typical load demands of small urban communities and rural villages

The meteorological data was taken from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [13]




HYBRID POWER SYSTEM OUTPUT

Hourly output of system from meteorological parameters

HourAmbient Temp (oC)

S. Irradiance.kW/m2

WindSpeed (m/s)

PV Power (W)

WT Power (W)

1 29.7 0 4.2 1.19 74.522 29.0 0 4.5 1.01 101.463 28.7 0 6.9 0.93 477.074 28.0 0 9.3 0.74 5005 27.8 0 4.8 0.69 132.276 27.4 0 0 0.59 07 28.0 0.08 0 44.46 08 28.8 0.25 0.9 140.26 09 29.3 0.44 1.8 243.03 0

10 29.5 0.35 2.7 195.85 011 29.3 0.68 3.6 366.08 31.1012 29.0 0.83 4.5 440.14 101.4613 30.0 0.76 6.3 404.13 352.9214 30.3 0.59 9.3 318.96 50015 31.0 0.57 12.3 312.14 50016 31.0 0.44 7.8 240.64 50017 30.0 0.47 7.8 261.05 50018 30.0 0.28 3 155.48 019 29.0 0.11 3 58.63 020 29.0 0 3 1.01 021 29.0 0 1.5 1.01 022 28.0 0 4.5 0.74 101.4623 26.0 0 3 0.23 024 25.0 0 3 0 0




PV POWER OUTPUT

The power output from an efficient PV module is directly correlated with the solar irradiance levels

Figure shows the P-V curves from 1000 to 1200 hours.




PERIODS OF DEFICIT AND SURPLUS POWER

• Graphical representation of system’s output:

• Power outputs were combined and subtracted from the load profile to give demand

• Output compared with load profile to give times of deficit of surplus:

• Negative values denote deficit while positive values give surplus.

• These are used to compute the batteries




STORAGE STATE OF CHARGE• SOC only reduces approximately seven percent• underscores the advantage of an hybrid power system’s ability

to reduce its storage requirement. • The curve slopes downward when discharging and upwards

when charging




CONCLUSION

• The integration of solar, wind power and a battery bank can benefit the remote areas as well as urban residential areas of India as our data supports

• These facts give incentive for companies in the renewable resource industry to penetrate this relatively untapped market.

• India, a country of vast natural resource, can become a major player in the renewable energy sector

• Efficient hybrid power systems are a step in that direction




ACKNOWLEDGMENTS• The support provided by the School of Mechanical, Materials &

Energy Engineering at IIT Ropar is gratefully acknowledged.

• The authors would also like to acknowledge generous support from SFU BC-India Mobility Initiatives (a Western Economic Diversification Canada (WD) funded initiative) that enabled Mr. Randhawa and Mr. Singh to travel to IIT-Ropar and to conduct a portion of their research there. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Nav Chima, Project Director, SFU BC-India Mobility

Initiatives, for facilitating this collaboration.




QUESTIONS?

Questions on this project or other Queries may also be directed to [email protected]

363 krishna wind_solar_hybrid_iitb

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