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    Google - An Introduction

    Google-This word is synonymous with internet today. Google is a search engine whichperforms a systematic search and delivers results according to the keywords you enter in.

    Every individual who uses internet is very much familiar with what google is. You haveliterally the entire world at your fingertips. You need anything from A to Z and you canfind it on google.

    During the electronic revolution, Google sprang about as the most indispensable searchengine almost overnight. Every professional today has Google on his/her desktop and is

    the most frequently visited search engine.

    We will be seeing today the birth of this marvelous company, its working and how does itperform countless searches in an amazingly miniscule time.

    BIRTH OF GOOGLE

    It was in 1995 that two geniuses Sergey Brin and Larry Page first met at Stanford. Bothwere different personalities as in Sergey was a math whiz, practical thinker, a problemsolver and an outgoing person. On the other hand, Larry was quite a thinker, interested inhow and why things worked, very ambitious and was reserved.

    But they had something in common-they shared a vision. It all started in 1996 when theyboth teamed up for a PhD thesis on analysis of web links. They found out that it tookvery long to get through links on web pages and find out the desired links.

    They came up with a theory of counting the number of links to a website. Depending onthe number of links to a website, they came to know of its popularity. On the basis of awebsites popularity, they would rank them giving birth to the concept of page rank.

    What started as a research project gave rise to what is today a monstrous search engine,Google.com. Early 1997, they developed a primitive search engine that was later

    renamed as Google in autumn 1997.

    The name Google is derived from the mathematical word googol which means numberequal to 1 followed by 100 zeroes. It could be decoded as infinite and without anyboundaries or limits.

    Google started as a small cottage industry but grew in leaps and bounds. Larry andSergey rented a house at Menlo Park from where they continued the expansion of the

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    company. They initially offered Yahoo and AltaVista to buy the search engine but wererejected. It lead to some frustration but they were increasingly determined and had theconfidence to grow and bolster their search engine.

    They started sending out mails to people using Google for their comments and criticismso that they could improve it. They wanted it to be the search engine people just couldntignore and wanted its service to be compelling enough for people to use it. Googlecombined information on links and words in different ways that produced better searchresults.

    By end of 1999, Google had 7 million searches clearly showing its growing popularityamongst users. It was different from other search engines in the way that it did not onlyrely on matching words in queries but added a dimension of logical order by Searchingand Indexing.

    PROGRESS DAY BY DAY

    As the company started growing ahead, a lot of new things happened to Google.

    Link Pages- You can visit links of websites from Google itself rather than manuallysearching for sites and its related links.

    Sponsored Links and Advertisements- It displays advertising that is relevant and islabeled clearly.

    Search in your language- Global googling. Google is offered in many languages withEnglish being the primary language. E g. for country specific page i.e. Google.co.in(.infor India), it is offered in 9 different languages excluding English.

    Gmail- It even has an email service that provides extra space and better quality.

    Posting- You can even post comments, feedback, discuss in forums and blog.

    Virtual library It has a virtual library that searches for stuff ranging from dictionary tobooks to anything imaginable.

    How Google search engineWorks ??

    http://google.co.in/http://google.co.in/http://google.co.in/

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    So what is it that has driven this firm to skyrocket levels of success ? What technologydoes this mega giant company harbour to drive its image to chart ripping profits. Lets geta closer look to the working of this company and its backbone.

    Google runs on a distributed network of thousands of low-cost computers and cantherefore carry out fast parallel processing. Parallel processing is a method ofcomputation in which many calculations can be performed simultaneously, significantlyspeeding up data processing. Google has three distinct parts:

    Googlebot, a web crawler that finds and fetches web pages.

    The indexer that sorts every word on every page and stores the resulting index of

    words in a huge database. The query processor, which compares your search query to the index and

    recommends the documents that it considers most relevant.

    .Googles Query Processor

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    3. Googles Query Processor

    The query processor has several parts, including the user interface (search box), theengine that evaluates queries and matches them to relevant documents, and the resultsformatter.

    Lets see how Google processes a query.

    Page Ranking

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    PageRankis Googles system for ranking web pages. A page with a higher PageRank isdeemed more important and is more likely to be listed above a page with a lowerPageRank.

    Google considers over a hundred factors in computing a PageRank and determiningwhich documents are most relevant to a query, including the popularity of the page, theposition and size of the search terms within the page, and the proximity of the search

    terms to one another on the page.

    Google also applies machine-learning techniques to improve its performanceautomatically by learning relationships and associations within the stored data. Forexample, the spelling-correcting system uses such techniques to figure out likelyalternative spellings. Google closely guards the formulas it uses to calculate relevance;theyre tweaked to improve quality and performance, and to outwit the latest devioustechniques used by spammers.

    Indexing the full text of the web allows Google to go beyond simply matching singlesearch terms. Google gives more priority to pages that have search terms near each other

    and in the same order as the query. Google can also match multi-word phrases andsentences.

    Page Rank is a topic much discussed by Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) experts. Atthe heart of PageRank is a mathematical formula that seems scary to look at but isactually fairly simple to understand.

    http://www.google.com/technology/http://www.googleguide.com/spelling_corrections.htmlhttp://www.google.com/technology/http://www.googleguide.com/spelling_corrections.html

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    By showing code to correctly calculate real PageRank I hope to achieve several things inthis response:

    1. Clearly explain how PageRank is calculated.2. Go through every example in this paper, and add some more of my own, showing

    the correct PageRank for each diagram. By showing the code used to calculateeach diagram Ive opened myself up to peer review - mostly in an effort to makesure the examples are correct, but also because the code can help explain thePageRank calculations.

    3. Describe some principles and observations on website design based on thesecorrectly calculated examples.

    Any good web designer should take the time to fully understand how PageRank reallyworks - if you dont then your sites layout could be seriously hurting your Googlelistings!

    How is PageRank Used?

    PageRank is one of the methods Google uses to determine a pages relevance orimportance. It is only one part of the story when it comes to the Google listing, but theother aspects are discussed elsewhere (and are ever changing) and PageRank isinteresting enough to deserve a paper of its own.

    PageRank is also displayed on the toolbar of your browser if youve installed the Googletoolbar (http://toolbar.google.com/). But the Toolbar PageRank only goes from 0 10and seems to be something like a logarithmic scale:

    Toolbar PageRank

    (log base 10)Real PageRank

    0 0 - 10

    1 10 - 100

    2 100 - 1,000

    3 1,000 - 10,000

    4 10,000 - 100,000

    5 and so on

    We cant know the exact details of the scale because, as well see later, the maximum PRof all pages on the web changes every month when Google does its re-indexing! If wepresume the scale is logarithmic (although there is only anecdotal evidence for this at thetime of writing) then Google could simply give the highest actual PR page a toolbar PRof 10 and scale the rest appropriately.

    http://toolbar.google.com/http://toolbar.google.com/

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    Also the toolbar sometimes guesses! The toolbar often shows me a Toolbar PR for pagesIve only just uploaded and cannot possibly be in the index yet!

    What seems to be happening is that the toolbar looks at the URL of the page the browseris displaying and strips off everything down the last / (i.e. it goes to the parent pagein URL terms). If Google has a Toolbar PR for that parent then it subtracts 1 and showsthat as the Toolbar PR for this page. If theres no PR for the parent it goes to the parentsparents page, but subtracting 2, and so on all the way up to the root of your site. If itcant find a Toolbar PR to display in this way, that is if it doesnt find a page with a realcalculated PR, then the bar is greyed out.

    Note that if the Toolbar is guessing in this way, the Actual PR of the page is 0 - thoughits PR will be calculated shortly after the Google spider first sees it.

    PageRank says nothing about the content or size of a page, the language its written in, orthe text used in the anchor of a link!

    Definitions

    Ive started to use some technical terms and shorthand in this paper. Nows as good atime as any to define all the terms Ill use:

    PR:

    Shorthand for PageRank: the actual, real, page rank foreach page as calculated by Google. As well see later thiscan range from 0.15 to billions.

    Toolbar

    PR:

    The PageRank displayed in the Google toolbar in yourbrowser. This ranges from 0 to 10.

    Backlink:If page A links out to page B, then page B is said to have

    a backlink from page A.

    Thats enough of that, lets get back to the meat

    So what is PageRank?

    In short PageRank is a vote, by all the other pages on the Web, about how important apage is. A link to a page counts as a vote of support. If theres no link theres no support(but its an abstention from voting rather than a vote against the page).

    Quoting from the original Google paper, PageRank is defined like this:

    We assume page A has pages T1Tn which point to it (i.e., are citations). Theparameter d is a damping factor which can be set between 0 and 1. We usually

    set d to 0.85. There are more details about d in the next section. Also C(A) is

    defined as the number of links going out of page A. The PageRank of a page A isgiven as follows:PR(A) = (1-d) + d (PR(T1)/C(T1) + + PR(Tn)/C(Tn))Note

    that the PageRanks form a probability distribution over web pages, so the sum of

    all web pages\ PageRanks will be one.PageRank or PR(A) can be calculated

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    using a simple iterative algorithm, and corresponds to the principal eigenvectorof the normalized link matrix of the web.

    but thats not too helpful so lets break it down into sections.

    1. PR(Tn) - Each page has a notion of its own self-importance. Thats PR(T1) forthe first page in the web all the way up to PR(Tn) for the last page

    2. C(Tn) - Each page spreads its vote out evenly amongst all of its outgoing links.The count, or number, of outgoing links for page 1 is C(T1), C(Tn) for pagen, and so on for all pages.

    3. PR(Tn)/C(Tn) - so if our page (page A) has a backlink from page n the shareof the vote page A will get is PR(Tn)/C(Tn)

    4. d( - All these fractions of votes are added together but, to stop the other pageshaving too much influence, this total vote is damped down by multiplying it by0.85 (the factor d)

    5. (1 - d) - The (1 d) bit at the beginning is a bit of probability math magic so thesum of all web pages\ PageRanks will be one: it adds in the bit lost by thed(. It also means that if a page has no links to it (no backlinks) even then it will

    still get a small PR of 0.15 (i.e. 1 0.85). (Aside: the Google paper says the sumof all pages but they mean the the normalised sum otherwise known as theaverage to you and me.

    How is PageRank Calculated?

    This is where it gets tricky. The PR of each page depends on the PR of the pages pointingto it. But we wont know what PR those pages have until the pages pointing to them havetheir PR calculated and so on And when you consider that page links can form circlesit seems impossible to do this calculation!

    But actually its not that bad. Remember this bit of the Google paper:

    PageRank or PR(A) can be calculated using a simple iterative algorithm, and

    corresponds to the principal eigenvector of the normalized link matrix of the web.

    What that means to us is that we can just go ahead and calculate a pages PRwithoutknowing the final value of the PR of the other pages. That seems strange but,basically, each time we run the calculation were getting a closer estimate of the finalvalue. So all we need to do is remember the each value we calculate and repeat thecalculations lots of times until the numbers stop changing much.

    Lets take the simplest example network: two pages, each pointing to the other:

    Each page has one outgoing link (the outgoing count is 1, i.e. C(A) = 1 and C(B) = 1).

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    Guess 1

    we dont know what their PR should be to begin with, so lets take a guess at 1.0 and dosome calculations:

    d = 0.85

    PR(A) = (1 d) + d(PR(B)/1)PR(B) = (1 d) + d(PR(A)/1)

    i.e.

    PR(A)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 1= 1

    PR(B)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 1= 1

    Hmm, the numbers arent changing at all! So it looks like we started out with a lucky

    guess!!!

    Guess 2

    No, thats too easy, maybe I got it wrong (and it wouldnt be the first time). Ok, lets startthe guess at 0 instead and re-calculate:

    PR(A)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 0= 0.15

    PR(B)= 0.15 + 0.85 *0.15

    = 0.2775

    NB. weve already calculated a next best guess at PR(A)

    so we use it here

    And again:

    PR(A)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 0.2775= 0.385875

    PR(B)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 0.385875= 0.47799375

    And again

    PR(A)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 0.47799375= 0.5562946875

    PR(B)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 0.5562946875= 0.622850484375

    and so on. The numbers just keep going up. But will the numbers stop increasing whenthey get to 1.0? What if a calculation over-shoots and goes above 1.0?

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    Guess 3

    Well lets see. Lets start the guess at 40 each and do a few cycles:

    PR(A) = 40PR(B) = 40

    First calculation

    PR(A)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 40= 34.15

    PR(B)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 34.15= 29.1775

    And again

    PR(A)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 29.1775= 24.950875

    PR(B)= 0.15 + 0.85 * 24.950875= 21.35824375

    Yup, those numbers are heading down alright! It sure looks the numbers will get to 1.0and sto

    Google Chrome The browser

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:GoogleChromeLogo.png

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    Google Chrome is an open source, freeweb browserdeveloped byGoogle that has about1% share of browser market. It was first released as a beta version forMicrosoftWindows on 2 September2008. The name is derived from the graphical user interface

    frame, or "chrome", of web browsers.

    Chromium is the open source project behind Google Chrome, and is released under theBSD license. It implements the same feature set, but has a slightly different logo

    Announcement

    The release announcement was originally scheduled for3 September2008, and a comicby Scott McCloud was to be sent to journalists and bloggers explaining the features ofand motivations for the new browser. Copies intended forEurope were shipped early andGerman blogger Philipp Lenssen ofGoogle Blogoscopedmade a scanned copy of the 38-

    page comic available on his website after receiving it on 1 September2008. Googlesubsequently made the comic available on Google Books and their site and mentioned iton its official blog along with an explanation for the early release.

    Development

    Primary design goals were improvements in security, speed, and stability compared toexisting browsers. There also were extensive changes in the user interface.[9] Chrome wasassembled from 26 different code libraries from Google and others from third partiessuch asNetscape.[26]

    Security

    Chrome periodically downloads updates of two blacklists (one forphishing and one formalware), and warns users when they attempt to visit a harmful site. This service is alsomade available for use by others via a free public API called "Google Safe Browsing

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    API". Google notifies the owners of listed sites who may not be aware of the presence ofthe harmful software.[9]

    Chrome will typically allocate each tab to fit into its ownprocess to "prevent malwarefrom installing itself" or "using what happens in one tab to affect what happens inanother", however the actual process allocation model is more complex.[27] Following theprinciple of least privilege, each process is stripped of its rights and can compute, but cannot write files or read from sensitive areas (e.g. documents, desktop)this is similar tothe "Protected Mode" that is used by Internet Explorer 7 on Windows Vista. TheSandbox Team is said to have "taken this existing process boundary and made it into ajail";[28]for example, malicious software running in one tab is unable to sniff credit cardnumbers, interact with the mouse, or tell "Windows to run an executable on start-up" andit will be terminated when the tab is closed. This enforces a simple computer securitymodel whereby there are two levels ofmultilevel security (userandsandbox) and thesandbox can only respond to communication requests initiated by the user.[29]

    Typically, Plugins such as Adobe Flash Playerare not standardized and as such, cannotbe sandboxed as tabs can be. These often need to run at, or above, the security level of

    the browser itself. To reduce exposure to attack, plugins are run in separate processes thatcommunicate with the renderer, itself operating at "very low privileges" in dedicated per-tab processes. Plugins will need to be modified to operate within this softwarearchitecture while following theprinciple of least privilege.[9] Chrome supports theNetscape Plugin Application Programming Interface (NPAPI),[30][31] but does not supportthe embedding ofActiveX controls.[31] Also, Chrome does not have an extension systemsuch as Mozilla's XPInstall architecture.[32]Java applets support is available in Chrome aspart of the pending Java 6 update 10, which currently is in Release Candidate testing.[33]

    A private browsing feature calledIncognito mode is provided that prevents the browserfrom storing any history information orcookies from the websites visited. This is similar

    to the private browsing feature available in Apple's Safari and the latest beta version ofInternet Explorer 8.[34]

    A denial-of-service vulnerability was found that allowed a malicious web page to crashthe whole web browser.[35][36] However, Google Chrome developers confirmed the flaw,and it was fixed in the 0.2.149.29 release.[37]

    Speed

    The JavaScriptvirtual machine was considered a sufficiently important project to be splitoff (as was Adobe/Mozilla's Tamarin) and handled by a separate team in Denmark.Existing implementations were designed "for small programs, where the performance andinteractivity of the system weren't that important," but web applications such as Gmail"are using the web browser to the fullest when it comes to DOM manipulations andJavascript." The resulting V8 JavaScript engine has features such as hidden classtransitions,dynamic code generation, andprecise garbage collection.[9] Tests by Googleshowed that V8 was about twice as fast as Firefox 3 and the Safari 4 beta.[38]

    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edia.org/wiki/JavaScripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamarin_(JavaScript_engine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javascripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_JavaScript_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)#Precise_vs._conservative_and_internal_pointershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-limi-37

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    Several websites have performed benchmark tests using the SunSpider JavaScriptBenchmark[1]tool as well as Google's own set of computationally intense benchmarks,which includes ray tracing and constraint solving.[39] They unanimously report thatChrome performs much faster than all competitors against which it has been tested,including Safari, Firefox 3, Internet Explorer 7, and Internet Explorer 8.[40][41][42][43] WhileOperahas not been compared to Chrome yet, in previous tests, it has been shown to beslightly slower than Firefox 3, which in turn, is slower than Chrome.[44][45] Another blogpost by Mozilla developerBrendan Eichcompared Chrome's V8 engine to his ownTraceMonkeyJavascript engine which is newly introduced in Firefox 3.1alpha, statingthat some tests are faster in one engine and some are faster in the other, with Firefox 3.1afaster overall.[46]John Resig, Mozilla's JavaScript evangelist, further commented on theperformance of different browsers on Google's own suite, finding Chrome "decimating"other browsers, but he questions whether Google's suite is representative of realprograms. He states that Firefox performs poorly on recursion intensive benchmarks,such as those of Google, because the Mozilla team has not implemented recursion-tracingyet.[47]

    Stability

    The Gears team was considering a multithreaded browser (noting that a problem withexisting web browserimplementations was that they are inherently single-threaded) andChrome implemented this concept with a multi-process architecture,[49]similar toLooselyCoupled Internet Explorer (LCIE)recently implemented by Internet Explorer 8.[50] Bydefault, a separate process is allocated to eachsite instance and plugin.[51] This preventstasks from interfering with each other, which is good for security and stability; anattacker successfully gaining access to one application does not gain access to all, andfailure in one application results in a Sad Tabscreen of death, similar to the well-knownSad Mac, except only one single tab crashes instead of the whole application. Thisstrategy exacts a fixed per-process cost up front, but results in less memory bloat overallas fragmentation is confined to each process and no longer results in further memoryallocations.[52]

    Chrome features aprocess managementutility called the Task Managerwhich allows theuser to "see what sites are using the most memory, downloading the mostbytes andabusing [their] CPU" (as well as the plugins which run in separate processes) andterminate them.[9] Some users have reported a conflict with Internet Explorer, oftenresulting in theblue screen erroron Windows.[53]

    User interface

    When Chrome is maximized, the title bar becomes hidden and instead, the tab bar isdisplayed at the top. Also, when the mouse is moved over a link, the URI of the link isdisplayed in a status bar at the bottom left. Otherwise, the status bar is invisible.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunSpider_JavaScript_Benchmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunSpider_JavaScript_Benchmarkhttp://www2.webkit.org/perf/sunspider-0.9/sunspider-driver.htmlhttp://www2.webkit.org/perf/sunspider-0.9/sunspider-driver.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint_solvinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Eichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Eichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceMonkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceMonkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Resighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Resighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gears_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE8#Software_architecture_.26_LCIEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE8#Software_architecture_.26_LCIEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE8#Software_architecture_.26_LCIEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screens_of_death#Sad_Tabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screens_of_deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screens_of_death#Sad_Machttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_management_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_management_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downloadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Screen_of_Deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunSpider_JavaScript_Benchmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SunSpider_JavaScript_Benchmarkhttp://www2.webkit.org/perf/sunspider-0.9/sunspider-driver.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint_solvinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-39http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-44http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Eichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceMonkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Resighttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-46http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gears_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE8#Software_architecture_.26_LCIEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE8#Software_architecture_.26_LCIEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screens_of_death#Sad_Tabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screens_of_deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screens_of_death#Sad_Machttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_management_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downloadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Screen_of_Deathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI

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    When Chrome is not maximized, the title bar is shown on top of the tab bar.

    The main user interface includes back, forward, refresh, bookmark, go, and canceloptions. The options are similar to Safari, while the location of the settings is similar toversions ofInternet Explorerstarting with version 7. The design of the window is basedon Windows Vista.

    When the window is not maximized, the tab bar appears directly under the title bar.When maximized, the title bar disappears, and instead, the tab bar is shown at the verytop of the window. Unlike other browsers such as Internet Explorer or Firefox which alsohave a full-screen mode that hides the operating system's interface completely, Chromecan only be maximized like a standard Windows application. Therefore, the Windowstask bar, system tray, and start menu link still take space at all times unless they havebeen configured to hide at all times.

    Chrome includes Gears, which adds features forweb developers typically relating to thebuilding of web applications (including offline support).[9]

    Chrome replaces the browserhome page which is displayed when a new tab is createdwith aNew Tab Page. This shows[54]thumbnails of the nine most visited web sites alongwith the sites most often searched, recent bookmarks, and recently closed tabs.[9]

    The Omnibox is the URL box at the top of each tab, which combines the functionalitiesof both URL box and search box. It includesautocompletefunctionality, but only willautocomplete URLs that were manually entered (rather than all links), searchsuggestions, top pages (previously visited), popular pages (unvisited), and text searchover history. Search engines also can be captured by the browser when used via thenative user interface by pressing Tab.[9]

    Popup windows "are scoped to the tab they came from" and will not appear outside thetab unless the user explicitly drags them out.[9] Popup windows do not run in their ownprocess.[citation needed]

    Chrome uses the WebKit rendering engine to display web pages, on advice from theAndroid team.[9] Like most browsers, Chrome was extensively tested internally beforerelease with unit testing, "automated user interface testing of scripted user actions" andfuzz testing, as well as WebKit's layout tests (99% of which Chrome is claimed to havepassed). New browser builds are automatically tested against tens of thousands ofcommonly accessed websites inside of the Google index within 20-30 minutes.[9]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gears_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-screenshots-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-screenshots-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocompletehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocompletehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocompletehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(mobile_device_platform)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzz_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google_chrome_Normal_screen_vista.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gears_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-screenshots-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocompletehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(mobile_device_platform)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzz_testinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8

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    Tabs are the primary component of Chrome's user interface and as such, have beenmoved to the top of the window rather than below the controls. This subtle changecontrasts with many existing tabbed browsers which are based on windows and containtabs. Tabs (including their state) can be transferred seamlessly between windowcontainers by dragging. Each tab has its own set of controls, including the Omnibox.[9]

    Chrome allows users to make local desktop shortcuts that open web applications in thebrowser. The browser, when opened in this way, contains none of the regular interfaceexcept for the title bar, so as not to "interrupt anything the user is trying to do." Thisallows web applications to run alongside local software (similar to Mozilla Prism andFluid).[9]

    By default, the status bar is hidden whenever it is not being used. However, it appears atthe bottom left corner whenever a page is loading and when a hyperlinkis hovered over.

    Forweb developers, Chrome features an element inspector similar to the one inFirebug.[48]

    Transmission of usage information to Google

    Google Chrome identifies each installation with a unique ID and collects usage statisticsincluding keystrokes. Chrome's usage tracking option enables the software to regularlytransmit this information to Google[55][not in citation given]. Usage tracking is an option that a userhas the option to accept during the software's installation. Once accepted, it is possible todisable the transmission of this information by modifying Chrome's "Under the Hood"options.[56]Freeware programs such as UnChrome can remove the unique ID withouthaving to change the browser.[57]Unofficial builds, such as SRWare Iron, seek to removethese features from the browser altogether[58].

    Gtalk

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab_(GUI)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab_(GUI)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_shortcuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Prismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-specific_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebug_(Firefox_extension)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebug_(Firefox_extension)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-features-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#Unofficial_Chromium_releaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-57http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab_(GUI)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab_(GUI)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_shortcuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_applicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Prismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site-specific_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-chrome-comic-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebug_(Firefox_extension)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-features-47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#Unofficial_Chromium_releaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome#cite_note-57

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    Google Talk(GTalk) is a Windows and web-based application forvoice over internetprotocol (VOIP) and instant messaging, offered by Google. The first beta version of theprogram was released on August 24,2005.

    Instant messaging between the Google Talk servers and its clients uses an open protocol,XMPP, allowing users of other XMPP clients to communicate with Google Talk users.

    VoIP in Google Talk is based around the Jingle protocol. The technology used within theGoogle server network however is not publicly known.

    The Google Talk client is currently only available forWindows (2000,XP, Server 2003,and Vista) and handhelds (the Blackberry, iPhone, and WinCE devices). With the releaseof the Google Talk gadget, users of all platforms supported by Adobe Flash Playercanalso use Google Talk.[1] Many other XMPP clients are compatible with Google Talk, andsupport a variety of other platforms.

    Features

    Interoperability

    Google has announced that a major goal of the Google Talk service is interoperability.Google Talk uses XMPP to provide real-time extensible messaging andpresence events,including offline messaging and voice mailing. OnJanuary 17, 2006, Google enabledserver-to-servercommunications, federating itself with any Jabber server that supportsthe dialback protocol.[2]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingle_(protocol)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://www.google.com/talk/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XMPP_client_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-to-serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-XMMPIntegration-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google_talk.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingle_(protocol)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2003http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://www.google.com/talk/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XMPP_client_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-to-serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_identityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-XMMPIntegration-1

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    Product integration

    On February 7, 2006, Gmail received chat functionality, using Ajax[citation needed] for serverbrowser communication, and was integrated with Google Talk. Users can send instantmessages to other Gmail users. As it works within a browser, Google Talk does not needto be downloaded to send instant messages to Gmail users.

    Conversation logs are automatically saved to a Chats area in the user's Gmail account.This allows users to search their chat logs and have them centrally stored in their Gmailaccounts. It does not, however, appear possible to download chat logs that are notattached to an e-mail conversation.[3][4]

    SinceNovember 8,2006, Google has also integrated Google Talk with Orkut. Thisenables Google Talk users to interact with registered Orkut users, by sending andreceiving 'scraps' within Orkut.

    It is also possible to display the song currently playing on the computer. This music datais collected, if the user agrees to this, and displayed on theGoogle Music Trendspage.

    Encryption

    The connection between the Google Talk client and the Google Talk server is encrypted,except when using Gmail's chat over HTTP, a federated network that doesn't supportencryption, or when using a proxy like IMLogic.[5][6] End-to-end messages areunencrypted.[5] Google plans to add support for chat and call encryption in a futurerelease.[7] Some XMPP clients natively support encryption with Google Talk's servers. Itis possible to have end-to-end encryption over the GTalk network using OTR (off-the-record) encryption.

    Voicemail and file-sharing

    On July 28, 2006, Google added voicemail and file sending capabilities to the GoogleTalk client. Voicemail messages can be 10 minutes long, and they're delivered to thecontact's mailbox as an attached MP3 file (11 kHz mono 24kbit/s). Recipients who useGmail are offered better integration. Gmail recognizes that it is a voicemail message, andusers can choose to stream the file using the integrated MP3-playing applet, or todownload the MP3 file.

    Offline messaging

    On October 31,2006, Google introduced offline messaging to Google Talk. This allowsusers to send messages to their contacts, even if they are not signed in. They will receivethe messages when they next go online even if the user who has sent it is offline.

    Mobile device compatibility

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Trends#Google_Music_Trendshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Trends#Google_Music_Trendshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Trends#Google_Music_Trendshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-encryption-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-encryption-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicemailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Trends#Google_Music_Trendshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-encryption-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-encryption-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicemailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006

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    On June 30, 2006, Nokia released new software for theirNokia 770 Internet Tablet, thatincluded Google Talk as one of the compatible VoIP clients, due to the XMPP-basedsoftware.[8] Another Google Talk-compatible device is Sony's mylo, released onSeptember 15,2006. A Google Talk client is also available for BlackBerry devices fromthe Blackberry site.[9]

    However, given that Google Talk provides XMPP protocol, most mobile phones forwhich a suitable XMPP client exists[10]could also offer Google Talk service, at leasttheoretically (depending on the handset, the user may encounter security warnings due tounsigned J2ME midlets or limits put in place by the mobile service provider). Mobileclients specially designed for Google Talk exist as well.[11]

    Most phones support the IMPSprotocol, and there are hybrid XMPP/IMPS networks(through Jabbertransports, or specially designed hybrid servers),[12]which can alsocontact GoogleTalk users. The Google Talk service itself is unusable from IMPS (thatmeans, you cannot log with your Gmail account, but you can talk with your Gmailfriends with your IMPS account from your mobile phone).[clarify]

    Complaints

    During Google Talk's ongoing beta period, users have voiced concerns about the service.There has been some discussion on theGoogle Talk Helpgroup concerning the fact thatcertain personal information is made publicly available without any method to control it.This allows anyone who has a Google Talk member on their buddy list to see when theuser is and is not active on their computer, for example, by observing the user's idle statusas provided by the Google Talk client. Certain third-party software products have beendeveloped to provide more control over the information made available. gAlwaysIdle[13],for example, allows users to be 'always idle' or 'never idle', thus preventing personalpresence information from being fed to the Google Talk service. Alternative clientsoftware, such as Pidgin and Trillian (with non free Pro version), also permit moreprivacy controls than the official Google Talk client. As of October 5, 2008, the officialclient allows blocking a user (thus also suspending status notifications to that user), butnothing more granular is apparent.

    Google desktop

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylo_(Sony)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://groups.google.com/group/Google-Talk-Help-Discusshttp://groups.google.com/group/Google-Talk-Help-Discusshttp://groups.google.com/group/Google-Talk-Help-Discusshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidgin_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillian_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_770http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylo_(Sony)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarifyhttp://groups.google.com/group/Google-Talk-Help-Discusshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gtalk#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidgin_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillian_(software)

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    Google Desktop is desktop search software made by Google forMac OS X, Linux, andMicrosoft Windows. The program allows text searches of a user's e-mails, computer files,music, photos, chats, Web pages viewed, and other "Google Gadgets."

    Features

    In January 2008, Google Desktop features the following functionality:

    File indexing

    After initially installing Google Desktop, the software completes an indexing of all thefiles in the computer. And after the initial indexing is completed, the software continuesto index files as needed. Users can start searching for files immediately after installingthe program. After performing searches, results can also be returned in an Internetbrowseron the Google Desktop Home Page much like the results for Google Websearches.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:GoogleSidebar_Vista.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google.Desktop.Logo.gifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_searchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser

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    Google Desktop can index several different types of data, including email, web browsinghistory from Internet Explorerand Mozilla Firefox, office documents in theOpenDocument and Microsoft Office formats, instant messengertranscripts from AOL,Google, MSN, Skype, Tencent QQ, and several multimedia file types. Additional filetypes can be indexed through the use of plug-ins.[1] Google Desktop allows the user tocontrol which types of data are indexed by the program.

    One unfortunate aspect for users with large hard drives: Google Desktop only indexes100,000 files per drive during the initial indexing period. If you have more than 100,000files in a particular drive, Google Desktop won't index all of them during this initialperiod. However, Google Desktop adds files to your index during real-time indexingwhen you move or open them. [2]

    Sidebar

    Google Desktop running on Microsoft Windows Vista.

    A prominent feature of Google Desktop is the Sidebar, which holds several common

    Gadgets and resides off to one side of the desktop. The Sidebar is available with theMicrosoft Windows version of Google Desktop only. The Sidebar comes pre-installedwith the following gadgets:

    Email - a panel which lets one view one's Gmail messages.

    Scratch Pad - here one can store random notes; they are saved automatically

    Photos - displays a slideshow ofphotos from the "My Pictures" folder (address

    can be changed)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Desktop#Email_indexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL_Instant_Messengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Talkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSN_Instant_Messengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent_QQhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_desktop#cite_note-officialsite-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_desktop#cite_note-officialsite-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_desktop#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidebar_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notetakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Desktop_scrnshotwindows.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Desktop_scrnshotwindows.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google-Gadgets-Screenshot.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Desktop#Email_indexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL_Instant_Messengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Talkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSN_Instant_Messengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skypehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent_QQhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_desktop#cite_note-officialsite-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_desktop#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidebar_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notetakinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photograph

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    News - shows the latest headlines from Google News, and how long ago they

    were written. The News panel is personalized depending on the type of news youread.

    Weather - shows the current weather for a location specified by the user.

    Web Clips - shows recent posts from RSS news feeds.

    Google Talk- IfGoogle Talkis installed, double clicking the window title will

    dock it to one's sidebar.

    Like the Windows Taskbar, the Google Desktop sidebar can be set to Auto-Hide mode,where it will only appear once the user moves the mouse cursor towards the side where itresides. If not on auto-hide, by default the sidebar will always take up about 1/6 - 1/9 ofone's screen (depending on the screen resolution), and other windows are forced to resize.However, the sidebar can be resized to take less space, and you can disable the "alwayson top" feature in the options. With the auto-hide feature on, the sidebar temporarilyoverlaps maximized windows.

    Another feature that comes with the Sidebar is alerts. When the Sidebar is minimized,new e-mail and news can be displayed on a pop-up window above the Windows Taskbar.

    Quick Find

    When searching in the sidebar, deskbar or floating deskbar, Google Desktop displays a"Quick Find" window. This window is filled with 6 (by default) of the most relevantresults from one's computer. These results update as one types so that one can get to whatone wants on one's computer without having to open another browser window.

    Deskbars

    Deskbars are boxes which enable one to type in a search query directly from one'sdesktop. Web results will open in a browser window, and selected computer results willbe displayed in the "Quick Find" box (see above). A Deskbar can either be a fixeddeskbar, which sits in one's Windows Taskbar, or a Floating Deskbar, which one mayposition anywhere one wants on one's desktop.

    Email indexing

    Google Desktop includes plugins that allow one to index and search through the contentsof local Microsoft Outlook, IBM Lotus Notes, and Mozilla Thunderbird email databases,outside of the client applications' built-in search functions. For Lotus Notes, only local

    databases are indexed for searching. Google Desktop's email indexing feature is alsointegrated with Google's web-based email service, Gmail; it can index and search theemail messages in one's Gmail account.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Talkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_metaphorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Outlookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Newshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Talkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_metaphorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Outlookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Lotus_Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbirdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmail

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    Gadgets & plug-ins

    Desktop gadgets are interactive mini-applications that can be placed anywhere on theuser's desktop or docked in the Sidebar to show new email, weather, photos, and

    personalized news. Google offers a gallery of pre-built gadgets for download on theofficial website. For developers, Google offers an SDKand an official blog for anyonewho wants to write gadgets or plug-ins for Google Desktop. An automated system createsa developer hierarchy called the "Google Desktop Hall of Fame", where programmerscan advance based on their gadgets' number and popularity.

    The SDK also allows third-party applications to make use of the search facilitiesprovided by Google Desktop Search. For example, the file managerDirectory Opusoffers integrated Google Desktop Search support.

    Google Earth

    Google Earth is a virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer, andwas created by Keyhole, Inc, a company acquired by Google in 2004. It maps the earthby the superimposition of images obtained from satellite imagery,aerial photography andGIS 3D globe. It is available under three different licenses: Google Earth, a free versionwith limited functionality; Google Earth Plus ($20 per year), which includes additionalfeatures; and Google Earth Pro ($400 per year), which is intended for commercial use. [1]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_Opushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_Opushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole,_Inchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superimpositionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imageryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-Google_Earth_Product_Family-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google_Earth.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_Opushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole,_Inchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superimpositionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imageryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-Google_Earth_Product_Family-0

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    The product, renamed Google Earth in 2006, is currently available for use onpersonalcomputers running Microsoft Windows2000, XP, orVista,Mac OS X 10.3.9 and above,Linux (released on June 12, 2006), and FreeBSD. Google Earth is also available as abrowser plugin (released on June 2, 2008) forFirefox, IE6, orIE7. In addition toreleasing an updated Keyhole based client, Google also added the imagery from the Earthdatabase to their web based mapping software. The release of Google Earth in mid 2006to the public caused a more than tenfold increase in media coverage onvirtual globesbetween 2006 and 2007,[2] driving public interest in geospatial technologies andapplications.

    o

    Overview

    A render of the Flatirons in Boulder, Coloradoby Google Earth

    Google Earth displays satellite images of varying resolution of the Earth's surface,allowing users to visually see things like houses and cars from a bird's eye view. Thedegree of resolution available is based somewhat on the points of interest, but most land(except for some islands) is covered in at least 15 meters of resolution.[3]Melbourne,Australia, Las Vegas, Nevada and Cambridge, Massachusetts include examples of thehighest resolution, at 15 cm (6 inches). Google Earth allows users to search for addressesfor some countries, enter coordinates, or simply use the mouse to browse to a location.

    Google Earth also uses digital elevation model (DEM) data collected byNASA's ShuttleRadar Topography Mission (SRTM). This means one can view the Grand Canyon orMount Everest in three dimensions, instead of 2D like othermap programs/sites. SinceNovember 2006, the 3D views of many mountains, including Mount Everest, have beenimproved by the use of supplementary DEM data to fill the gaps in SRTM coverage. [4]

    Many people using the applications are adding their own data and making them availablethrough various sources, such as the BBS or blogs mentioned in the link section below.

    Google Earth is able to show all kinds of images overlaid on the surface of the earth andis also a Web Map Service client. Google Earth supports managing three-dimensionalGeospatial data through Keyhole Markup Language (KML).

    Google Earth has the capability to show 3D buildings and structures (such as bridges),which consist of users' submissions using SketchUp, a 3D modeling program. In priorversions of Google Earth (before Version 4), 3D buildings were limited to a few cities,and had poorer rendering with no textures. Many buildings and structures from around

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-Media_Coverage_of_Geospatial_Platforms-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatironshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Coloradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird's_eye_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne,_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne,_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_elevation_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Map_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SketchUphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google_earth_Flatirons_shot.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google_earth_Flatirons_shot.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vistahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IE7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_globeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-Media_Coverage_of_Geospatial_Platforms-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatironshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder,_Coloradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird's_eye_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne,_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melbourne,_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_elevation_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_maphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Map_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geospatialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SketchUphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modeling

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    the world now have detailed 3D structures; including (but not limited to) those in theUnited States, Canada, Ireland, India, Japan, United Kingdom,[5] Germany, Pakistan andthe cities, Amsterdam and Alexandria.[6] In August 2007, Hamburg became the first cityentirely shown in 3D, including textures such as faades. The Irish town ofWestport wasadded to Google Earth in 3D on January 16, 2008. The 'Westport3D' model was createdby 3D imaging firm AM3TD using long-distance laser scanning technology and digitalphotography and is the first such model of an Irish town to be created. As it wasdeveloped initially to aid Local Government in carrying out theirtown planning functionsit includes the highest resolution photo-realistic textures to be found anywhere in GoogleEarth. Three-dimensional renderings are available for certain buildings and structuresaround the world via Google's 3D Warehouse[7] and other websites.

    Recently, Google added a feature that allow users to monitor traffic speeds at loopslocated every 200 yards in real-time. In version 4.3 released on April 15, 2008, GoogleStreet View was fully integrated into the program allowing the program to provide an onthe street level view in many locations. Google Earth is now also available in 23languages: Arabic, Chinese,Czech,Danish,Dutch, English,Finnish,French, German,Hebrew, Indonesian, Italian,Japanese, Korean,Norwegian,Polish,Portuguese,

    Romanian,Russian,Spanish,Swedish, Thai, and Turkish.

    Sky mode

    Google Earth in Sky Viewing Mode in Windows Vista

    In version 4.2, released August 22, 2007, Google Earth added a Sky tool for viewing starsand astronomical images.[8]

    Google Sky is produced by Google through a partnership with the Space TelescopeScience Institute in Baltimore, the science operations center for the Hubble SpaceTelescope. Dr. Alberto Conti and his co-developer Dr. Carol Christian of the SpaceTelescope Science Institute plan to add the public images from 2007,[9] as well as colorimages of all of the archived data from Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. Newlyreleased Hubble pictures will be added to the Google Sky program as soon as they areissued. New features such as multi-wavelength data, positions of major satellites and theirorbits as well as educational resources will be provided to the Google Earth community

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westport,_County_Mayohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Street_Viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Street_Viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Telescope_Science_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Telescope_Science_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Contihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google_Earth_Sky.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Google_Earth_Sky.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westport,_County_Mayohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town_planninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Street_Viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Street_Viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Telescope_Science_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Telescope_Science_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Contihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble

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    and also through Christian and Conti's website for Sky. Also visible on Sky mode areconstellations, stars, galaxies and animations depicting the planets in their orbits. A real-time Google Sky mashup of recent astronomical transients, using the VOEvent protocol,is being provided by the VOEventNet collaboration.Google's Earth maps are beingupdated each 5 minutes.

    Google Sky will face competition [1] from the upcoming product WorldWide Telescopefrom Microsoft, anticipated soon [10].

    On March 13, 2008 Google made a web-based version of Google Sky available athttp://www.google.com/sky/.

    Street View

    On April 15, 2008 with version 4.3, Google fully integrated its Street View into GoogleEarth.

    Google Street View provides 360 panoramic street-level views and allows users to viewparts of selected cities and their surrounding metropolitan areas at ground level. When itwas launched on May 25, 2007 forGoogle Maps, only five cities were included. It hassince expanded to more than 40 U.S. cities, and includes the suburbs of many, and insome cases, other nearby cities. A recent update has now implemented Street View inmost of the major cities of Australia.

    Google Street View, when operated, displays photos that were previously taken by acamera mounted on an automobile, and can be navigated by using the mouse to click onphotograph icons displayed on the screen in your direction of travel. Using these devices,the photos can be viewed in different sizes, from any direction, and from a variety ofangles.

    Wikipedia and Panoramio integration

    In December 2006 Google Earth added a new layer called "Geographic Web" thatincludes integration with Wikipediaand Panoramio. In Wikipedia, entries are scraped forcoordinates via the Coord templates. There is also a community-layer from the projectWikipedia-World. More coordinates are used, different types are in the display anddifferent languages are supported than the built-in Wikipedia layer. See: *dynamic resp.staticlayer. Google announced on May 30, 2007 that it is acquiringPanoramio.[11]

    Influences

    The Google Earth interface bears a noted similarity to the Earth program described inNeal Stephensons sci-ficlassic Snow Crash. Indeed, a Google Earth co-founder claimedthat Google Earth was modeled afterSnow Crash,[12]while another co-founder said itwas inspired byPowers of Ten.[13]In fact Google Earth was at least partly inspired by aSilicon Graphicsdemo called "From Space to in Your Face" which zoomed from spaceinto the Swiss Alps then into the Matterhorn[14]. This launch demo was hosted by a Onyx

    http://hubblesite.org/explore_astronomy/gsky/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOEventhttp://voeventnet.org/http://crave.cnet.com/8301-1_105-9881229-1.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWide_Telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-9http://www.google.com/sky/http://www.google.com/sky/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Street_Viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Mapshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACoordhttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProjekt_Georeferenzierung/Wikipedia-World/enhttp://tools.wikimedia.de/~kolossos/world-link.php?lang=enhttp://www.webkuehn.de/hobbys/wikipedia/geokoordinaten/index.htmhttp://www.webkuehn.de/hobbys/wikipedia/geokoordinaten/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Stephensonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powers_of_Tenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-google_earth1-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-google_earth1-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Alpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matterhornhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGI_Origin_3000_and_Onyx_3000http://hubblesite.org/explore_astronomy/gsky/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VOEventhttp://voeventnet.org/http://crave.cnet.com/8301-1_105-9881229-1.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWide_Telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-9http://www.google.com/sky/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Street_Viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Mapshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACoordhttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProjekt_Georeferenzierung/Wikipedia-World/enhttp://tools.wikimedia.de/~kolossos/world-link.php?lang=enhttp://www.webkuehn.de/hobbys/wikipedia/geokoordinaten/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Stephensonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Crashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powers_of_Tenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_earth#cite_note-google_earth1-12http://en.wikipedi

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