35 Years of Open Source Software
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Transcript of 35 Years of Open Source Software
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The Age of Incompatible
Expensive Machines
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selling hardware
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1968
hardware software
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COBOL
FORTRAN
Algol
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#!/usr/bin/perl## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or# (at your option) any later version.## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the# GNU General Public License for more details.#
use strict;use warnings;
use Getopt::Long;
# Declaration of important/main variables.my $quiet = 0;my $sparse = 0;my $help = 0;my $explain = 1;my $debug = 0;my $reasondir = '/usr/share/vrms/reasons/';my %reason = ();
## Auxiliary functions section (FIXME: put them in a file by themselves).#
# sub usage:# Input: nothing.# Output: Messages to stdout telling the usage of the program.sub usage() { print <<EOF;Usage: vrms [OPTIONS] ...
--quiet, -q Do nothing if there are no non-free packages installed.--explain, -e Give a brief explanation of why a package is non-free, if available.--sparse, -s Just list non-free packages, nothing else.--reason-dir=DIR Use DIR as the reason directory.--help, -h Display this help.--debug, -d Generate debugging information.
All options can be prefixed with "no" (eg: --noexplain) to turn them off.EOF}
# sub parse_reason_file:# Input: the name of a reason file and the global hash %reason# Output: the hash %reason filled with reasons from the input file# (FIXME: %reason shouldn't be global)sub parse_reason_file { my $file = shift; print "Parsing reason file $file\n" if $debug >= 1; open(REASON, "<", $file) ordie "Can't open FILE [$file]: $!\n"; while (my $line = <REASON>) {chomp $line;# Grab a line of the form 'package: reason', skip if we don't matchmy ($pkg, $reason) = ($line =~ /^(\S+):\s+(.*)\s*$/) or next;print "'$pkg' because '$reason'\n" if ($debug >= 1);
# If this is _our_ master file, then prefer anything# else (so that package maintainers can override)next if exists $reason{$pkg} and $file =~ /\/vrms$/;
$reason{$pkg} = $reason; }
close REASON ordie "Can't close FILE [$file]: $!\n";}
## Main program starts here.#GetOptions('q|quiet' => \$quiet, 's|sparse' => \$sparse, 'e|explain!' => \$explain, 'reason-dir=s' => \$reasondir, 'd|debug+' => \$debug, 'h|help' => \$help);
if ($help) { usage(); exit 0;}
opendir(REASONDIR, $reasondir) or die "Can't open DIR [$reasondir]: $!\n";# Parse all the reason files in $reasondir except those beginning with# a . or ending with a ~parse_reason_file("$reasondir/$_") foreach (grep {!/~$/ && !/^\./} readdir(REASONDIR));closedir REASONDIR or die "Can't close DIR [$reasondir]: $!\n";
my $statusfile = '/var/lib/dpkg/status';my $is_nonfree = 0; ### preset none found, yetmy %nonfree = ();my $is_other_nonfree = 0; ### preset none found, yetmy %other_nonfree = ();my $is_contrib = 0; ### preset none found, yetmy %contrib = ();my $is_other_contrib = 0; ### preset none found, yetmy %other_contrib = ();my %pkg_status = ();my $pkgcnt = 0;my $clumpcnt = 0;my $dontcarelines = 5; ### no. of lines a non-installed entry may have in the statusfile
my $sysname = "";chop($sysname = `uname -n`);
open(PKG_SOURCE, "< $statusfile") or die "Can't open FILE [$statusfile]: $!\n";
$/ = ""; ### snarf a paragraph at a timewhile(<PKG_SOURCE>) { my $clump = $_; $clumpcnt++; my (@pkglines) = split(/\n/, $clump); ### iff more than $dontcarelines lines, package is installed, so process it ### (speed-up by skipping don't-care entries) if (@pkglines > $dontcarelines) {my $pkg = ""; ### name of this packagemy $pkgstatus = ""; ### statusmy $plan = ""; ### install plan (hold, deinstall, purge, install, etc.)my $state = ""; ### state (ok or ???)my $status = ""; ### status (installed, not-installed, etc.)my $section = ""; ### section this is where non-free is markedmy $shortdescr = ""; ### one-liner description of pkgmy $linenbr = 0; ### current line number of this pkackag's infomy $label = ""; ### junk field (not used, except to catch split values)my $has_pkg = 0; ### reset the markersmy $has_status = 0;my $has_section = 0;
foreach (@pkglines) { chomp; $linenbr++; if (/^Package:/) {($label, $pkg) = split(/:\s+/,$_,2);$pkgcnt++;printf "pkg(%4.4d) pkg=[%s]\n",$pkgcnt,$pkg if $debug >= 1;$has_pkg = 1; ### we have necessary sectionnext; } if (/^Status:/) {my $label = "";($label, $pkgstatus) = split(/:\s+/,$_,2);print "\tpkgstatus=[$pkgstatus]\n" if $debug >= 1;$pkg_status{$pkg} = $pkgstatus;($plan, $state, $status) = split(/\s+/,$pkgstatus);print "\t\tplan=[$plan]\n" if $debug >= 1;print "\t\tstate=[$state]\n" if $debug >= 1;print "\t\tstatus=[$status]\n" if $debug >= 1;$has_status = 1; ### we have necessary sectionnext; } if (/^Section:/) {my $label = "";($label, $section) = split(/:\s+/,$_,2);print "\tsection=[$section]\n" if $debug >= 1;$has_section = 1; ### we have necessary sectionif ($section =~ /contrib|non-free|restricted|multiverse/) { ### read thru rest of array to find descr instead of waiting for it my $found_descr =0; while (! $found_descr) {if ($linenbr > $#pkglines) { ### iff badly formed entry ensure blank description print "\tEEEE shortdescr=[$shortdescr]\n" if $debug >= 1; last;}my $dline = $pkglines[$linenbr++];if($dline =~ /^Description:/) { ($label, $shortdescr) = split(/:\s+/,$dline,2); print "\tshortdescr=[$shortdescr]\n" if $debug >= 1; $found_descr = 1;} } if ($section =~ /contrib/) {if (lc $status eq 'installed') { $is_contrib = 1; $contrib{$pkg} = $shortdescr;} else { $is_other_contrib = 1; $other_contrib{$pkg} = $shortdescr;} } else {if (lc $status eq 'installed') { $is_nonfree = 1; $nonfree{$pkg} = $shortdescr;} else { $is_other_nonfree = 1; $other_nonfree{$pkg} = $shortdescr;} }}last; ### this is last desriptor of package we care about so end loop } else {### un-processed lines from package infoif($debug >= 1) { print "\t\t--- $_\n";} }}if (!$has_status or !$has_pkg) { print STDERR "vrms: ERROR- Badly formed dpkg-status entry #$clumpcnt!\n"; print STDERR " pkg=[$pkg], pkgstatus=[$pkgstatus], section=[$section] \n";}
source code
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The Birth of UNIX
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UNIX.zip
UNIX-source.zip
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t r a d e s e c r e t
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t r a d e s e c r e t
most widely anddeeply understood
in the historyof computing
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sharinginnovations
&bug fixes
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The Birth of Proprietary
Software
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1980
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proprietary software
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sharing
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shareware
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The Rise of Free Software
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1984
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Free Software
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Free as in speech
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Free as in freedom
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Free as in beer
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1. use
2. copy
3. modify
4. contribute
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1989, 1991
GPL
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you must extend the
same freedomsto others
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copyleft
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permissivelicenses
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you give completefreedom to
developers
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1993
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1995
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2000
$1,000,000,000
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Free Software Becomes
Mainstream
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1998
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Open Sourceis Everywhere
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all software
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2005–2007
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Software Freedom as Inspiration
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open data
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open access
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Photo credits:
ibm 360 with people: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cote/54408562/sizes/l/in/photostream/cdc6600: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:Personable_Computer.jpgken and dennis with medals: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:Medal_lg.jpegwarrington logo: http://wikieducator.org/File:Warrington_logo.pngashs logo: http://wikieducator.org/File:ASHS_logo.pngwanted poster: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mscaprikell/59580038/in/photostream/tape: http://www.flickr.com/photos/leejordan/486911915/tim o'reilly: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:Tim_O%27Reilly_in_Foo_China_2007.JPGfsf logo: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:FSF-Logo.svgtux: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:Tux.svgopen source: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/wiki/File:Opensource.svgstock market: http://www.flickr.com/photos/thewalkingirony/3051500551/android logo: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:Android_logo.svgin-flight entertainment: http://www.flickr.com/photos/kalleboo/2473197800/samsung tv: http://www.flickr.com/photos/johannesfreund/2320330661/Linus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Linus_Torvalds.jpegBill Gates: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_in_WEF_,2007.jpgBruce Perens: [not CC] http://perens.com/press/photos/Lawrence Lessig: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lessig_portrait.jpgJimmy Wales: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jimmy_Wales_Fundraiser_Appeal_edit.jpgSteve Ballmer: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_ballmer_2007_outdoors2.jpgus department of justice: https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:US-DeptOfJustice-Seal.svg