349 Mg t History

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History of Management Thought Lecture #3

Transcript of 349 Mg t History

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History of Management Thought

Lecture #3

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Schools of Management Thought

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Schools of Management Thought

Classical School

Behavioral School

Management Science School

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Classical School

“One best way to manage”

It is management’s job to ascertain the best way to perform a job, then teach that method to workers. The same philosophy applies to running the organization (the manager’s job)

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Scientific Management

The Scientific Method applied to work

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Scientific Management

Observation

Measurement

Logic

Analysis

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Frederick Taylor

The “Father of Scientific Management”

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Taylor & Scientific Management

Experiment in Iron Foundry

Shoveling Coal

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Taylor & Shoveling Coal

Standard Operating Procedure:Hire the man with the shovel

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Taylor & Shoveling Coal

New Idea: Use standardized shovels!!!

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Taylor & Shoveling Coal

Optimal shovel size for the average worker:

21 ½ pounds

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Loading Pig Iron

Intermediate product in the processing of iron ore into steel

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Taylor & Loading Pig Iron

Before: Average load of 12 ½ tons per day

After: Average load of _____ tons per day

Wages increased ____%

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Taylor & Loading Pig Iron

Productivity gain for company

More money for worker

Worker was less fatigued at end of day

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Scientific Management

Frank & Lillian Gilbreth

Motion & Time Studies

Therbligs

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Gilbreths

Brick-laying

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Gilbreths

Cheaper By the Dozen

World War I telegram to President Wilson:Arriving Washington 7:03 pm. If you don’t know how to use me, I’ll tell you.

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Scientific Management

Application of the Scientific Method to work

Selection of the most capable workers

Provide resources to workers

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Scientific Management

Train the workers

Provide fair pay incentives to workers(share productivity gains)

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Scientific Management: Bastardized Version

Application of the Scientific Method to workSelection of the most capable workersProvide resources to workersTrain the workers

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Behavioral School

aka Human Relations School

Genesis was in an experiment in Scientific Management

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Behavioral School

Western Electric Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois

Hawthorne Studies

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Hawthorne Studies

Experiment in lighting conditions

Experimental group

Control group

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Hawthorne Studies(storybook version)

Increased lighting associated with increased productivity!!

Decreased lighting associated with _________ productivity??

Who ya’ gonna call?

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Hawthorne Studies

Elton Mayo

Researcher from Harvard

Workers were not reacting to the changes in lighting

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Hawthorne Studies

Workers were not reacting to the conditions of the experiment

Workers were reacting to being in an experiment

“Hawthorne Effect”

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Classical vs. Behavioral

Two diametrically opposed views

Which view do you hold?

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Management Science School

Management Science is NOT the same as Scientific Management

Originated in the Polaris missile project

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Management Science

A problem is defined, and a model of the situation is developed

The model simplifies reality or represents reality in an abstract manner

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Management Science

Step One: Develop a model of the problem or situation

Step Two: Quantify the variables

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Management Science

A politically incorrect example

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Management Science

No underage!

No drink and drive!