3.4 Drinking Water Ponds in Spate Irrigation Systems.
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Transcript of 3.4 Drinking Water Ponds in Spate Irrigation Systems.
![Page 1: 3.4 Drinking Water Ponds in Spate Irrigation Systems.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649cce5503460f94999b62/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
3.4 Drinking Water Ponds in Spate Irrigation Systems
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Drinking water in spate irrigated areas: main issues
o Low annual rainfall o Deep water table / sometimes fluoride
groundwatero Public tubewells out of ordero Water from ponds – for humans and livestock:
o Pollutedo Limited duration of storage
o Major reason for hardship
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IMPORTANCE OF DRINKINGWATER PONDS:
LOCAL HINDU SAINT IN PAKISTAN STILL
REVERRED BECAUSE OFTHE POND HE MADE
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Traditional system – shallow ponds, water being use by humans and livestock alike
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IMPROVED DRINKING WATER PONDS
Have reliable water storage for long period Have ‘relatively’ clean water Have ponds well maintained
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IMPROVED DRINKING WATER PONDS
Reliability Close to flood inlet Make ponds deep enough (4-7 meters) to reduce
evaporation Trees on banks of ponds to further reduce
evaporation Where available clay lining Plastic lining – adequately anchored and covered
with at least 30 cm of soils to avoid punching
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CONSTRUCTING DRINKING WATER PONDS
Cleanliness/ water quality Fencing to avoid animal tresspassing Use slow sand filter to pump water from reservoir Cascade system – water overflowing from other
(livestock) pond after sediment settled in it Use of sediment trapping vegetation in the
overflow structure Later, sometimes: wells near ponds fed by leakage
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CONSTRUCTING DRINKING WATER PONDS
Ease of maintenance Gentle slope Sediment trap (can be part of livestock pond) No entry of livestock
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Hand Pump Sand Filter
Appropriate for potable water
Filter of gradedlayers of sand
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IMPACTS
Availability of potable water for humans And livestock Reduced out migration Decreased 40 % enteric disorder cases Provide sediment free water
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In spite of importance experience from Balochistan (Pakistan) indicates that maintenance of ponds is main challenge
Only 25% of ponds was well maintained. Those that were well-maintained were:
Close to primary schools or mosks Were used by visiting nomads as well, who paid for the
use of the ponds for their livestock
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Maintenance
Management is important: Cleaning out the silt Protecting the ponds from animals tresspassing Collecting funds for caretaker and maintenance
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Maintenance of Community Ponds
Fencing or trenching– against tresspassing animals
Collecting funds forguarding and cleaning
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OR:TO BE ALLOWED TOTAKE WATER YOUHAVE TO FIRSTREMOVE SILT..
WOMEN WITHOUT AHUSBAND EXEMPT FROM THIS DUTY
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Local organisation
Manual maintenance limits the capacity of the community ponds
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Local organisation
Introduce scraper boards to maintain harvesting pondswill make them deeper and stronger – longer storage time