3.2. Accident Causes and Prevention

8/10/2019 3.2. Accident Causes and Prevention

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ACCIDENT THEORYACCIDENT THEORY

People

Environment

Materials

Equipment


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An occurrence or event that is:An occurrence or event that is: unexpected,unexpected,

unforeseen,unforeseen,

ACCIDENTACCIDENT

unp anne anunp anne an unwantedunwanted

that may or may not causethat may or may not cause damage, injury,damage, injury,

fatality, loss or work stoppage.fatality, loss or work stoppage.


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Struck against rigid structure, sharp orStruck against rigid structure, sharp or

rough objectsrough objectsStruck by falling or flying objects, slidingStruck by falling or flying objects, sliding

or moving partsor moving parts

TYPES OF ACCIDENTTYPES OF ACCIDENT

Caught in, on, or between objectsCaught in, on, or between objects

Fall on same levelFall on same level

Fall on different levelsFall on different levelsElectrocutionElectrocution

FireFire


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Laymans version:

Oras na niya

Malas niya lang Tanga kasi

Kasama sa trabaho

NOT REAL CAUSES ONLY EXCUSES!


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Unsafe Act

Unsafe Condition


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TheThe humanhuman actionaction thatthatdepartsdeparts fromfrom aa standardstandard

UNSAFE ACTUNSAFE ACT

oror writtenwritten jobjob procedureprocedureoror commoncommon practice,practice,safetysafety rules,rules, regulationsregulations

oror instructionsinstructions..


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TheThe physicalphysical oror chemicalchemicalpropertyproperty ofof aa material,material,machinemachine oror thethe environmentenvironment

whichwhich couldcould resultresult inin injuryinjury totoaa person,person, damagedamage orordestructiondestruction toto propertyproperty ororotherother formsforms ofof losseslosses..


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Engineering Control :Engineering Control :

Elimination/MinimizationElimination/Minimization

Isolation/Enclosure of the HazardIsolation/Enclosure of the Hazard

SYSTEMS TO CONTROLSYSTEMS TO CONTROLUNSAFE ACTS/UNSAFE CONDITIONSUNSAFE ACTS/UNSAFE CONDITIONS

Last line of defenseLast line of defense

Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment

Administrative Control :Administrative Control :

Safe work practices, Signs and signage, Training andSafe work practices, Signs and signage, Training andeducation, Tool box meetingeducation, Tool box meeting


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HEAD HAZARDS & EFFECTSHEAD HAZARDS & EFFECTS

Impact from falling objectsImpact from falling objects

Bump against rigidBump against rigid

Perforation/fracturePerforation/fracture

of the skullof the skull

HAZARDS EFFECTSHAZARDS EFFECTS

Penetration by sharpPenetration by sharpobjectsobjects

Contact with live electricalContact with live electrical

conductorsconductors

Fire hazardsFire hazards

Electrical shockElectrical shock

BurnsBurns


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HEAD PROTECTIONHEAD PROTECTION

Hard Hat orHard Hat orSafety HelmetSafety Helmet

AA ri idri id devicedevice thatthat isis

wornworn toto provideprovideprotectionprotection forfor thethe headheadandand whichwhich isis heldheld ininplaceplace byby aa suitablesuitablesuspensionsuspension.


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PARTS OF A HARD HATPARTS OF A HARD HAT1.1. The suspension system includes the headband andThe suspension system includes the headband and

straps on the inside of the hat. This system absorbsstraps on the inside of the hat. This system absorbs

and distributes the force of impact.and distributes the force of impact.2.2. The hard outer shell protects the head from sharpThe hard outer shell protects the head from sharp

objects, such as falling tool. It also absorbs part ofobjects, such as falling tool. It also absorbs part of

3. The chin strap secures the3. The chin strap secures the

hard hat to the wearershard hat to the wearershead.head.

4. The brim redirects the4. The brim redirects thedirection of the fallingdirection of the falling

object.object.


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CARE AND MAINTENANCECARE AND MAINTENANCE

Wash with mild soap and water.Wash with mild soap and water.


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1.1. Large flying particles and fragments from operationsLarge flying particles and fragments from operationssuch as chiseling, coarse grinding, hammering, metalsuch as chiseling, coarse grinding, hammering, metalworking and riveting.working and riveting.

OCCUPATIONAL EYE ANDOCCUPATIONAL EYE ANDFACE HAZARDSFACE HAZARDS

2.2. Dust, fumes, mists, and small particles fromDust, fumes, mists, and small particles fromwoodworking, light grinding, sanding, metal working,woodworking, light grinding, sanding, metal working,spot welding, scaling, and paint spraying.spot welding, scaling, and paint spraying.

3.3. Vapors and liquids from solvents and paints.Vapors and liquids from solvents and paints.

4.4. Intense heat and radiation from furnace tending,Intense heat and radiation from furnace tending,electric welding, and oxyacetylene welding andelectric welding, and oxyacetylene welding andcutting.cutting.


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EFFECTSEFFECTS

1.1. Permanent loss of visionPermanent loss of vision

EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONALEFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONALEYE AND FACE HAZARDSEYE AND FACE HAZARDS

2.2. Temporary loss of visionTemporary loss of vision3.3. Inflamed eyesInflamed eyes

4.4. Skin BurnsSkin Burns

5.5. LacerationsLacerations6.6. FracturesFractures

7.7. Broken TeethBroken Teeth


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ProtectiveProtective eyeeye andand facefaceequipmentequipment shallshall beberequiredrequired wherewhere therethere isis aa

EYE AND FACE PROTECTIONEYE AND FACE PROTECTION

reasonablereasonable probabilityprobability ofofinjuryinjury thatthat cancan bebepreventedprevented byby suchsuch

equipmentequipment..


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SAFETY SPECTACLES OR GLASSESSAFETY SPECTACLES OR GLASSESare primary protective devices intended to shield theare primary protective devices intended to shield thewearers eyes from flying and striking objects, glare andwearers eyes from flying and striking objects, glare and

injurious radiation hazards.injurious radiation hazards.

SideshieldSideshield is an integral device or an accessoryis an integral device or an accessoryattached to spectacles that provides side exposureattached to spectacles that provides side exposure

protection to the eye.protection to the eye.


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GOGGLESare primary protective devices intended to fit the faceare primary protective devices intended to fit the faceimmediately surrounding the eyesimmediately surrounding the eyes..

Unlike safety glasses, goggles provide a secure shieldUnlike safety glasses, goggles provide a secure shieldaround the entire eye area.around the entire eye area.


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FACE SHIELDFACE SHIELDis a protective device intended to shield theis a protective device intended to shield thewearers face, or portions thereof from strikingwearers face, or portions thereof from striking

objects or chemical, heat and glare hazards.objects or chemical, heat and glare hazards.


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You should wear a hearing protection deviceYou should wear a hearing protection devicewhenever you are exposed to noise that is 90whenever you are exposed to noise that is 90

decibels or reater for an 8decibels or reater for an 8hour eriod of timehour eriod of time.

AA hearing protection devicehearing protection device is anythingis anythingthat can be worn to reduce the level ofthat can be worn to reduce the level of

sound entering the ear.sound entering the ear.


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ARMS LENGTH RULEARMS LENGTH RULE

If two people (with no hearingIf two people (with no hearingimpairment) have to raise their voicesimpairment) have to raise their voices

less than an arms length from eachless than an arms length from eachother, the sound level is potentiallyother, the sound level is potentially

hazardous.hazardous.


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EarplugsEarplugsHearing protectors placed inside the ear toHearing protectors placed inside the ear to

block out noise. To work effectively, theyblock out noise. To work effectively, they

should fit snugly into the ear canal.should fit snugly into the ear canal.


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EarmuffsEarmuffsA device composed of a headband with twoA device composed of a headband with twocushioned ear cups that form a seal aroundcushioned ear cups that form a seal around

t e outer ear, cover ng t comp ete y ant e outer ear, cover ng t comp ete y anblocking out the noise.blocking out the noise.


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Acids/MistsAcids/Mists

Solvents/VaporsSolvents/Vapors

Gases / SmokeGases / Smoke

Dusts/ParticulatesDusts/ParticulatesHeavy Metals/FumesHeavy Metals/Fumes


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RESPIRATORY PROTECTIONRESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Filtration respiratorFiltration respiratorChemical respiratorChemical respirator

AirAirsu l in res iratorsu l in res irator


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FILTRATION RESPIRATORS orMechanical Respirators screenscreenoutout dustdust andand somesome formform ofof

mistmist.. SuchSuch filtersfilters needneed toto bebereplacedreplaced atat frequentfrequent intervalsintervals..

CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE DEVICESremoveremove contaminantscontaminants bybypassingpassing thethe taintedtainted airair throughthroughmaterialmaterial thatthat trapstraps thethe harmfulharmful

portionsportions.. ThereThere areare specificspecificcartridgescartridges forfor specificspecificcontaminantscontaminants..


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SelfSelfContained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

Su lies air from an air tank stra ed at theSu lies air from an air tank stra ed at the

persons back or from a distant source.persons back or from a distant source.


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1. Temperature extremes

2. Chemical exposures andsplashes

.

4. Fire

5. Abrasive materials

6. Live Electrical Conductors


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Burns

Bruises Abrasions

Punctures

Fractures

Amputations


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Metal meshMetal meshgloves resistgloves resistsharp edgessharp edgesand preventand preventcutscuts

Leather glovesLeather glovesshield yourshield yourhands fromhands fromrough surfacesrough surfacesand heatand heat

Vinyl & neopreneVinyl & neoprenegloves protectgloves protectyour handsyour hands

against toxicagainst toxicchemicalschemicals


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Rubber glovesRubber glovesprotect you whenprotect you when

working aroundworking aroundelectricity.electricity.

Welders glovesWelders glovesprotect yourprotect your

hands fromhands fromheat and flamesheat and flames


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Latex disposableLatex disposablegloves are usedgloves are used

to protect yourto protect yourhands fromhands fromgerms andgerms andbacteriabacteria

LeadLead--lined gloveslined glovesare used toare used to

protect yourprotect yourhands fromhands fromradiation sources.radiation sources.

Cotton glovesCotton gloveshelp grasphelp grasp

slippery objectsslippery objectsand protectand protectagainst slivers,against slivers,dirt, moderatedirt, moderateheat or cold.heat or cold.


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FOOT HAZARDSFOOT HAZARDS

Falling or rolling objectsFalling or rolling objectsSharp objectsSharp objects

Live Electrical conductorsLive Electrical conductors

Hot surfacesHot surfacesWet, slippery surfacesWet, slippery surfaces


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FracturesFractures

PuncturesPunctures

BurnsBurns

CutsCutsAmputationsAmputations

ElectrocutionElectrocution


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FOOT PROTECTIONFOOT PROTECTIONSafety ShoesSafety Shoes

ToeToe capcap footwearfootwearrotectsrotects ourour toestoes

fromfrom beingbeing crushedcrushedbyby fallingfalling objectsobjects..

MidMidsole steelsole steel plateplateprotects the foot fromprotects the foot frompunctured hazards.punctured hazards.


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SAFETY SHOES AND BOOTSSAFETY SHOES AND BOOTS

ELECTROSTATICELECTROSTATICDISSIPATINGDISSIPATING footwearfootwearconducts static electricity toconducts static electricity tofloors that are grounded.floors that are grounded.

ELECTRICAL RESISTANCEELECTRICAL RESISTANCEfootwear are insulated withfootwear are insulated withtough rubber to prevent shockstough rubber to prevent shocksand burns from electricity.and burns from electricity.

L


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FALL PROTECTIONEQUIPMENT

Fa Restraint S stemFa Restraint S stem

Fall Arrest SystemFall Arrest System


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Travel Restriction SystemTravel Restriction System

isis anan assemblyassemblycomposedcomposed ofof bodybody beltbeltandand ro erro er accessoriesaccessories

thatthat preventprevent aa workerworkerfromfrom travelingtraveling toto anan edgeedgefromfrom wherewhere hehe oror sheshemaymay fallfall likelike leadingleadingedgesedges oror roofroof..


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FallFall arrestarrest systemsystem areare designeddesigned totominimizeminimize stressstress forcesforces onon anan

m l 'm l ' inin thth v ntv nt ff

fall,fall, whilewhile providingproviding sufficientsufficientfreedomfreedom ofof movementmovement toto allowallowworkwork toto bebe performedperformed..


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COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL FALLCOMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL FALLARREST SYSTEMARREST SYSTEM

Rope/Lanyard


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ItIt consistsconsists ofof strapsstrapspassedpassed overover thethe

shoulders,shoulders, acrossacross thethechest,chest, andand aroundaround thethe

FULLFULLBODY HARNESSBODY HARNESS

.. ,,

bodybody harnessharness protectsprotectsyouyou moremore thanthan aasafetysafety belt,belt, becausebecause itit

distributesdistributes thethe forceforce ofofimpactimpact overover aa greatergreaterareaarea ofof youryour bodybody..

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RESISTANCE OF EMPLOYEES TO PPERESISTANCE OF EMPLOYEES TO PPE

DiscomfortDiscomfort

Lack of education and trainingLack of education and training


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1.1. The hazard still exists.The hazard still exists.

2.2. A defective PPE offers no protectionA defective PPE offers no protection

3.3. The PPE may introduce additionalThe PPE may introduce additional

hazard.hazard.4.4. Most PPE are not for continuous use.Most PPE are not for continuous use.

5.5. Improper wearing may not giveImproper wearing may not give

maximum protection.maximum protection.

6.6. It may transfer hazard to anotherIt may transfer hazard to anotherlocation.location.


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SUMMARYSUMMARYFor any PPE to be effectiveFor any PPE to be effective

It must be selected based on useIt must be selected based on use

It must be used and wornIt must be used and worn

It must be maintained.It must be maintained.


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3.2. Accident Causes and Prevention

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Transcript of 3.2. Accident Causes and Prevention