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Transcript of 3/19/12 - Bellringer What associations are there when… –Paleo and –Zoo Are part of the word?...
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3/19/12 - Bellringer3/19/12 - Bellringer
• What associations are there when…– Paleo and– Zoo
Are part of the word?
TURN IN TEST!
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Timeline of ALL TIMETimeline of ALL TIME
• Review
• http://www.johnkyrk.com/evolution.html
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Chapter 23Chapter 23Paleozoic, Mesozoic, & Paleozoic, Mesozoic, &
Cenozoic ErasCenozoic Eras
23.1 23.1 –– Paleozoic Era Paleozoic Era
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Phanerozoic EonPhanerozoic Eon
• "visible life."• 542 million years ago to the present • Consists of three eras
– Paleozoic = "ancient life" (542-251 million years ago)
– Mesozoic = "middle life" (251-65.5 million years ago)
– Cenozoic = "recent life" (65.5 million years ago to the present)
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter10-01.html
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Paleozoic EraPaleozoic Era– Early Paleozoic = Cambrian, Ordovician and
Silurian periods– Late Paleozoic= Devonian, Mississippian,
Pennsylvanian, and Permian periods
• Long periods of sedimentation and mountain building.
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter10-01.html
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102lpal1.htm
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PaleogeographyPaleogeography
• Ancient geographic setting of an area defined by breakup of supercontinent Rodinia
• Multicellular life evolved with increasing complexity
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter10-01.html
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Passive MarginPassive Margin
• No tectonic activity along the edge of a continent
• Laurentia split from Rodinia– Located near equator– Covered by shallow tropical
sea– No mountain ranges forming– Completely surrounded by
passive margins
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Shoreline depositionShoreline deposition
• Evidence of sea level changes• Tides wash sand and sediment ashore
– forms sandstone
• Deposit clay offshore – Forms shale
• Calcium carbonate from sea water and as organisms die, falls to seafloor
– Forms limestone
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TransgressionTransgression
• Movement of shore-line inland as sea level rises– As level rises & falls, deposition shifts
• Rise in water level, causes water to move inland– Deep water deposits overlying shallow water
deposits in vertical rock sequences
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RegressionRegression
• Sea level falls– Shore moves out to the sea
• Shallow water deposits overlie deep water deposits in vertical rock sequences
• Evidence is found in stacked sequence of limestone-shale-sandstone
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EvaporitesEvaporites
• Rocks that have crystallized out of water that is saturated with dissolved minerals
• Associated with fossilized reefs– Reefs are made from carbonate skeletons of
organisms– Form in long, linear mounds parallel to
continents or islands– Absorb energy from waves that crash against
them
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GlaciationGlaciation
• Sea level transgressed and regressed over 50 times during late Paleozoic
• Reasons for change:– Climate and glaciation cycles– Crustal subsidence and uplift– Sedimentation rates– Plate motions
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In-class Assignment/HomeworkIn-class Assignment/Homework
• Transgression/Regression Worksheet
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23.1 Notes continued23.1 Notes continued
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Mountain BuildingMountain Building
• During Ordovician Period, Laurentia collided with Taconic Island Arc– Mountains began to rise in what is now
northeastern North America– Event known as Taconic Orogeny
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Taconic MountainsTaconic Mountains
• Added new land and an active volcanic zone along eastern margin of Laurentia– Evidence found in
New York’s Taconic Mountains
http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/toronto/escarp_e.php
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DeformationDeformation
• During Silurian Period, Laurentia collided with another landmass
• Caused folds, faults and igneous intrusions to already deformed rocks
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Ouachita OrogenyOuachita Orogeny
• During Carbonifierous Period southeastern Laurentia collided with Gondwana– Gondwana = large landmass that eventually
formed southern continents
• Formed Ouachita Mountains for Arkansas and Oklahoma
http://www.rockhoundingar.com/geology/ouamtns.html
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Ouachita OrogenyOuachita Orogeny
• Caused crust to uplift inland as far as present-day Colorado
• Formed ancestral Rockies Mountains
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/Ancestral_Rockies.jpg
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Alleghenian OrogenyAlleghenian Orogeny
• Gondwana continued to push against Laurentia
• Appalachian Mountains began to form– Quite possibly taller than Himalayans when
formed
• Last mountain-building event of Paleozoic– Leads to formation of Pangaea
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In-class Assignment/HomeworkIn-class Assignment/Homework
• 23.1 Study Guide– #2 = Laurasia = Laurentia– Skip #8, 15, 16– #6 = 650– #13 & 14 = 649– #17 & 18 = 650
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23.1 Notes, part C23.1 Notes, part C
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Paleozoic Life
• Multicellular organisms went through extensive diversification
• First appearance of organisms with hard parts
http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/images/nw0237ann.jpg
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Cambrian explosionCambrian explosion
• Geologically rapid diversification of a large collection of organisms in the Cambrian fossil record– Burgess Shale
• Spectacular array of fossil organisms with hard parts
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Ordovician extinctionOrdovician extinction
• More than half of marine groups that appeared during Cambrian became extinct
• Evidence of glacial deposits found– When water freezes, sea level drops
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Ordovician extinctionOrdovician extinction
• Most marine animals live in shallow waters on continental shelves
• When sea level is high = many places for animals to live
• During regression, continental shelves become too narrow for life to survive
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Devonian PeriodDevonian Period
• Following Ordovician, marine life recovered and new species evolved– Tremendous diversification of vertebrates
(animals with backbones)– Fish and first appearance of tetrapods on land
• Another extinction takes place
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Devonian extinctionDevonian extinction
• Eliminates approximately 50% of marine groups
• Caused by global cooling
• Evidence of glaciers on some continents
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http://universe-review.ca/I10-35-extinction.jpg
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Plant LifePlant Life
• Ordovician and Devonian extinctions had little effect on land organisms
• Simple land plants begin to appear
• First plants with seeds diversified– Seeds contain own moisture and food source– Made them more enabled to survive change
in environments
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Permian PeriodPermian Period
• Largest mass extinction occurred
• Affected both marine and terrestrial organisms– Eliminated nearly 95% of marine groups– More than 65% of amphibians and 1/3 of
insects did not survive
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Permian Extinction
• How did it happen?
• Many causes– Dramatic drop in sea level from Pangaea
formation draining shallow seas– Extreme volcanism– Low atmospheric oxygen levels– A Meteorite impact
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In-class Assignment/HomeworkIn-class Assignment/Homework