3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gas Pg. 68-74. During Note Taking Create a Venn Diagram that looks like...
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Transcript of 3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gas Pg. 68-74. During Note Taking Create a Venn Diagram that looks like...
![Page 1: 3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gas Pg. 68-74. During Note Taking Create a Venn Diagram that looks like this: Solid LiquidGas – Determine where to place the.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032806/56649eff5503460f94c150a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gas
Pg. 68-74
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During Note Taking
• Create a Venn Diagram that looks like this: Solid Liquid Gas
– Determine where to place the following phrases:» Definite Volume» Definite Shape» Variable Volume» Variable Shape
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Describing the States of Matter
• Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable
• Shapes and volume are clues to how the particles within a material are arranged
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Solids
• Have a recognizable shape• Take up a certain amount of space • Solid is a state of matter in which materials
have a definite shape and a definite volume
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Solids
• Definite means that the shape and volume of an object won’t change as you move it – Changing the container won’t change the shape or
volume – Example:• Moving a pencil to a desk drawer to your backpack
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Solids
• Definite DOES NOT mean the shape or volume can never change – Example: • Can change the shape of a copper wire by bending it• Can change the shape of a pencil by sharpening it
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Solids
• The arrangement of solids:– Atoms are packed close together – Atoms are arranged in a regular pattern
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Liquids
• Liquids always have the same shape as its container
• Liquid is the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume, BUT not a definite shape
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Liquids
• The arrangement of liquids:– Atoms are close together– Atoms arrangement is more random than the
arrangement of atoms in solids
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Gases• Gas is the state of matter in which material
has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
• A gas takes the shape and volume of its container
• The arrangement of atoms in gases are NOT arranged in a regular pattern
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Other States of Matter
• On Earth almost all matter exists as solids, liquids, or gas
• In the universe 99% of all matter exists as plasma– Occurs at extremely high temperatures
• The fifth state of matter is called Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)– Occurs at temperatures of -273 ◦C
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Complete the following…
• Complete you Venn diagram • Answer #1 on pg.74 from the Reviewing
Concepts• ….Reread the chapter from homework we will
be reviewing with the clickers tomorrow for Bonus
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Kinetic Theory
• An object that is moving has Kinetic Energy • Kinetic Energy is the energy an object has due
to its motion
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Kinetic Theory • The faster an object moves, the greater its
kinetic energy is • Quick Question: – A baseball thrown by a pitcher at 85 mph – A baseball thrown by a pitcher at 78 mph– Which one has more Kinetic Energy?
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Kinetic Theory
• The Kinetic Theory of matter states that all particles of matter are in constant motion – This theory helps explain the behavior of gases,
liquids, and solids
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Explaining the Behavior of Gases
• You can compare the motion of particles in a gas to the movement of balls in a game of billiards– The cue strikes a billiard ball and moves in a straight
line until it strike the side of the billiard table or another ball
– When a moving ball strikes the ball at rest, the first ball slows down and the second ball begins to move
– Kinetic energy is transferred during the collisions
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Motion in Gases
• Particles in gas are NEVER at rest • At room temp. the average speed of gas
particles is 1,600 Km/h– Some gas particles move slower or faster than the
average speed
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Motion of Gases Fig.7 pg.72
• Each atom moves in straight line until it collides with another atom or wall
• During a collision, one atom may lose kinetic energy and slow down
• The second atom may gain kinetic energy and speeds up
• **Note: Total Kinetic Energy of the atoms remains the same***
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Motion of Gases
• There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter
• If the particles are apart and moving fast the attractions are to weak to have an affect – This is the case for gas
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Kinetic Theory of Gases
• The kinetic theory explains the general properties of gas
• The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size – Example: Air in tires
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Kinetic Theory of Gases
• The Kinetic Theory of Gases has three main points:– Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion– The motion of one particle is unaffected by the
motion of other particles UNLESS the particles collide
– Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions
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Explaining the Behavior of Liquids• The particles in liquids are more closely
packed than those of gases– Attraction between liquids do affect the
movement of particles
• Example: Students in a crowded hallway– A student’s path may be blocked by students
moving in other directions– The student’s ability to move is affected by
interactions with other students
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Explaining the Behavior of Liquids
• A liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations
• The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together – However, because of the forces of attraction
liquid cannot spread out and fill a container
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Explaining the Behavior of Solids
• Solids have a definite shape and volume because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations
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Explaining the Behavior of Solids
– Strong attraction between atoms restrict their motion and keep them in a fixed location relative to their neighboring atom
– Each atom vibrates around its location BUT it DOES NOT change places with its neighboring atom!