59

This chapter deals with the profile of the study area in five sections. The first section

deals with the profile of the Indian Dairy Industry. The scene of Cooperative Dairying in

Tamil Nadu is presented in the second section. The third section deals with the profile of

Thanjavur District. Profile of the Thanjavur District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union

Limited has been dealt with in the fourth section. The fifth section presents the profile of the

six sample societies taken for the purpose of analyzing the contribution of the union towards

economic development of the region.

3.1 PROFILE OF INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY

3.1.1 DAIRY MAP OF INDIA

The Dairy Map of India in Figure 3.1 shows areas of high, medium and low milk

production, based on the per capita availability in 28 states and 7 union territories. Pockets of

high milk production were also identified. Today, India stands as the world’s number one

milk producer as well as the number one milk market.

3.1.2 DAIRY COOPERATIVES IN INDIA – PROFILE

Dairy cooperatives account for the major share of processed liquid milk marketed in

the country. Milk is processed and marketed by 170 milk producers cooperative unions,

operating in over 338 districts which federate into 15 state cooperative milk manufacturing

federation and covers nearly 108574 village level societies owned by nearly 12 million farmer

members.

60

Dairy cooperatives now market milk in all metros, major cities and more than 800

towns/cities. During 1991 – 2007 the daily milk supply by cooperatives to each 1000 urban

consumers has increased from 37.3 to 66.3 litres.1

3.2 TAMIL NADU DAIRY INDUSTRY

Tamil Nadu is an agriculture oriented state and majority of the farmers own cattle.

Dairying provides main source of income, next to agriculture. In a tropical region like Tamil

Nadu agriculture may fail sometimes, due to monsoon failure but dairying never fails. It

ensures regular and steady income.

India occupies the number one position in the world milk production. Tamil Nadu is

one of the frontline states in milk production. In Tamil Nadu as per the 127th

Livestock and

Poultry Census (2003) the total cattle population was 107.99 lakhs which accounts for 3.81

per cent of the total livestock population the country (2831.03 lakhs).2

The buffalo population is 16.58 lakhs which accounts for 1.70 percent of the country’s

buffalo population (979.22 lakhs). The cattle population which comprises of crossbreed and

indigenous cattle is 91.41 lakhs which is 4.94 percent of the country’s cattle population

(1851.81 lakhs). The cattle population, which was 31.72 lakhs during 1997 has increased to

36.94 lakhs in 2003. The buffalo population which was 12.82 lakhs in 1997 has decreased to

7.92 lakhs in the year 2003.3 However, the milk production in Tamil Nadu has increased

tremendously over the past 20 years. From 1.74 million tones in 1981, it increased to 3.35

million tones in 1991 and in the year 2001, the milk production was 4.91 million tones.4

61

The dairy milk production in Tamil Nadu through organized and unorganized sector is

roughly around 127 lakh litres per day (LLPD) and out of which 63.50 LLPD of milk is

available as market surplus after retaining 50 per cent of the production for own consumption

by the producers. Out of the market surplus of 63.50 LLPD during the year 2004 – 2005

around 23.76 LLPD has been procured through, the cooperatives and 12.85 LLPD procured

by registered private dairies and the balance quantity of milk has been handled by the

unorganized sector.5

3.2.1 COOPERATIVE DAIRYING IN TAMIL NADU

Tamil Nadu stands at fourth position in the country in the milk procurement through

cooperatives. Steps are being taken to bring it to the number one position in the country by

inducting new animals and by increasing productivity. Efforts are also being taken to

improve infrastructure facilities in the state to handle more milk to be procured through the

cooperative societies.

The Dairy Development Department was established in 1958 in Tamil Nadu. The

administrative and statutory control over all the milk cooperatives in the State was transferred

to the Dairy Development Department on 1.8.1965. The Commissioner for Milk Production

and Dairy Development was made the functional Registrar under the Tamil Nadu Cooperative

Societies Act.

With the adoption of ‘Anand pattern’ in the State of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu

Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited was registered in the State on February 1,

1981. The commercial activities of the department such as milk procurement, processing,

chilling, packing and sale of milk to the consumers etc., hitherto dealt with by the Tamil Nadu

62

Dairy Development Corporation Ltd., were transferred to the newly registered Tamil Nadu

Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited, popularly known as “Aavin”.6

As a result of liberalization policy, private dairies have entered into the field of

dairying leading to a healthy competition between the Cooperatives and the private dairies

thereby paving the way for the consumers to get the best quality of milk at competitive prices.

3.2.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

The Department has two fold basic objectives:

1) Assuring a remunerative price for the milk produced by the members of the Milk

Producers’ Cooperative Societies through a stable, steady and well organized market

support.

2) Marketing good quality milk and milk products to the consumers at a reasonable price.

3.2.3 FUNCTIONS OF THE DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

The functions of the Dairy Development Department include organization of societies,

registration of societies, supervision and control of Primary Milk Cooperatives, District

Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions and Tamil Nadu Cooperative Milk Producers’

Federation. It also maintains and increases the supply of liquid milk to the consumers by

ensuring food safety and hygienic regulations.

63

The Dairy Development Department exercises statutory functions like inquiry,

inspection, surcharge and suppression, appointment of special officers, liquidation and

winding up of dormant societies etc. The Commissioner for Milk Production and Dairy

Development, Deputy Milk Commissioner (cooperation), and Circle Deputy Registrars

(Dairying) are vested with quasi-judicial powers in respect of settlement of disputes, appeal,

revision and review under various provisions of Tamil Nadu Cooperative Societies Act, 1983

and the Tamil Nadu Cooperative Societies Rules, 1988.

3.2.4 PRIMARY DAIRY COOPERATIVES

A minimum number of 25 or more individuals competent to contract under section 11

of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, owning milch animals, can form a Primary Dairy

Cooperative Society, with one or more villages as its area of operation. Such persons have to

approach the Circle Deputy Registrar’s (Dairying) office functioning at the District for further

guidance. The members of Primary Milk Cooperative societies have to pour milk to the

society which will procure milk on quality basis and the members will receive milk cost once

in 10 days/15 days from the Society. Milch animals are provided with free veterinary health

cover, artificial insemination and the supply of balanced cattle feed. Induction of farmers on

modern animal husbandry practices aimed at upgrading the milch animals and thereby

improving their productivity in the long run for the benefit of the members were provided.

3.2.5 DISTRICT COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS’ UNION (DCMPUs)

There are 17 District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions functioning in the State of

Tamil Nadu covering 30 Districts. There are 15 Dairies in District Cooperative Milk

Producers’ Unions with installed processing capacity of 19.46 LLPD. There are 39 Chilling

64

Centres in the District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions with installed chilling capacities

of 13.23 LLPD.

The average milk procurement per day by the District Cooperative Milk Producers’

Union is presented in Table 3.1.

65

Table – 3.1

AVERAGE MILK PROCUREMENT PER DAY BY DISTRICT COOPERATIVE

MILK PRODUCERS’ UNIONS IN TAMIL NADU

Year

Average Milk

Procurement

(LLPD)

Trend

Percentage

1998 – 1999 15.10 100.00

1999 – 2000 16.63 110.13

2000 – 2001 16.94 112.19

2001 – 2002 17.49 115.83

2002 – 2003 15.79 104.57

2003 – 2004 17.26 114.30

2004 – 2005 20.56 136.16

2005 – 2006 21.59 142.98

Source: http:// www.aavin.net/organisation.html.

It could be found that the average milk procurement per day shows an increasing trend

except for the year 2002-03. The maximum growth rate of 142.98 per cent has been witnessed

in the year 2005-06.

66

3.2.6 ENHANCEMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION

In Tamil Nadu, 12.54 lakhs cows and 2.12 lakhs buffaloes are under the Cooperative

fold and they are provided with breeding cover through Artificial Insemination programme by

using frozen semen, health cover through mobile veterinary units and vaccination of bovine

population against Foot and Mouth Disease and Theileriosis disease. Producer members are

supplied with cattle feed and fodder for their animals. During the year 2004 – 2005, up to

March 15, 2005, 16757 million tonnes of cattle feed have been produced and 16902 million

tonnes of cattle feed have been sold.7

3.2.7 TAMIL NADU COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS’ FEDERATION

LIMITED (TCMPF)

The Tamil Nadu Cooperative Milk Producers’ Federation Limited is an apex body of

17 District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions. A brief overview of the Federation is

presented in Table 3.2.

67

Table – 3.2

TAMIL NADU COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS’ FEDERATION LIMITED –

AT A GLANCE

S.No. Particulars As on 25-12-2006

1. No. of Primary Milk Cooperative Societies 9012

A. Milk Producers Cooperative Societies 8949

B. Milk Supply Cooperative Society 1

C Dairy Cooperative Farm 1

D Milk Consumers’ Cooperative Societies 60

E Cooperative Milk Supply Union 1

2. Total number of functional societies 7701

3. Total number of members in Primary Milk Cooperative

Societies

21.19 lakhs

4. Milk Procurement (by societies) (as on 15.03.2005) 25.09 LLPD

5. No. of District Unions 17

6. State Level Federation 1

7. Milk Procurement (by Unions) 21.59 LLPD

8. Average Milk Marketing in Chennai City 8.49 LLPD

9. Milk Marketing in District Cooperative Milk Producers’

Unions

8.87 LLPD

10. Number of Union Dairies 15

11. No. of Federation dairies 4

12. Handling Capacity Union Dairies (LLPD) 19.46 LLPD

13. Handling Capacity Federation Dairies (LLPD) 10.00 LLPD

68

S.No. Particulars As on 25-12-2006

14. Number of Chilling Centres 39

15. Handling Capacity of Chilling Centres 13.23 LLPD

16. No. of rural milk collection routes 474

17. No. of milk distribution routes at District level 194

18. No. of milk distribution routes at Chennai metro 98

19. No. of power plants 4

20. Capacity for drying milk 7 LLPD

21. Automatic Vending Machine Units 218

Source: http:// www.aavin.net/organisation.html.

The Federation also co-ordinates the activities of the District Unions and provides

technical expertise as and when required and also undertakes planning and erection,

expansion, and commissioning of Dairy Plants and Chilling Centres of the unions on turkey

basis. The Federation helps the unions in marketing their milk products like skim milk

powder, ghee, butter and cheese in Tamil Nadu and in other States.

69

3.3 PROFILE OF THANJAVUR DISTRICT

The Thanjavur district is popularly known as the ‘rice bowl’ of Tamil Nadu from time

immemorial. Although this district is geographically suited for several cash crops production,

paddy cultivation is the predominant one. Other crops like sugarcane, plantain, tobacco,

flower etc., are also raised in certain areas of this district. Generally paddy, sugarcane,

plantain, flower are cultivated in wet lands and groundnut, cashew, red gram, black gram etc.,

are raised in dry lands.

Thanjavur district is on the East Coast of Tamil Nadu and it is the ninth biggest district

in Tamil Nadu. The Bay of Bengal on the East, the Tiruchirappalli district on the West, the

Cuddalor district on the North, Pudukottai district on the South are its boundary limits. The

district lies between 9.40° and 10.50° of the North longitude and 77.170° and 78.100° of the

East longitude. The red loamy soil, black soil and sandy coastal alubion are the three major

types of soils found in the district. Black soil is found in Nagapattinam and

Thiruthuraipoondi and red loamy soil is present in Pattukottai and southern parts of Thanjavur

taluk. Coastal sandy alluvial soil is found on the east coast stretching from Adirampattinam to

Poompuhar.

The important rivers of the district are Cauvery, one of the holy rivers of South India

and Colerooon. Further, the tributaries of Cauvery viz., Vennar, Vettar, Vadavar, Grand

Anaicut Canal, Kudamuruti, Veeracholan river, Thirumalairayan river, Arasilai river,

Uppanar, Valappanaru, Argniyaru, Ambuliyaru, Paminiyaru, Mudikondan river, Kadalaiyaru,

Manjal Canal etc., flow from west to east direction to the length and breadth of the district.

The Grand Anaicut across the river Cauvery built by the famous Chola King Karikalan is of

70

vital importance as it regulates the flow of water in Coleroon, Cauvery and its tributaries.

Canals are the chief source of water supply for irrigation and account for nearly 90 per cent of

total water sources. This district is the main beneficiary of Mettur Dam. However, in recent

years, poor inflow and storage of water in Mettur, during the cropping season is causing much

anxiety and strain to the agriculturists in the district. Consequently agriculturists have started

realizing the importance of the tube wells also.

Education, a tool which helps in the building of human infrastructure, inculcates an

urge for human knowledge acquisition and develops the facility of absorption which

encourages modern methods of production. The lack of education is by far the most

significant factor responsible for a lower productivity of an Indian or Tamil worker. In

Thanjavur there are about 145 Higher Secondary Schools and 25 Colleges of Arts and Science

including Polytechnics, Training and Oriental Colleges. There is one Medical college also.

The Tamil University is also situated in this town. The average literacy rate of this district is

39.66 per cent comprising of 53.16 per cent of males and 26.16 per cent of females.

At present, the district has 18 large/medium industrial units, including six modern rice

mills, two sugar factories, two chemical units and two grinding mills, paper boards etc. None

of these is large enough to encourage setting up of auxiliary units. In the small scale sector,

there has been much improvement with the advent of District Industrial Centre.

Thanjavur district has been bifurcated into Thanjavur and Nagapattinam districts and

again it was bifurcated and now the composite Thanjavur district includes Thanjavur,

Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts. Table 3.3 shows the general statistics relating to the

study area.

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Table – 3.3

GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA

Details Thanjavur

Dist.

Thiruvarur

Dist.

Nagapattinam

Dist. Total

Area (Km2) 3396 2100 2716 8212

No. of Blocks 14 10 11 35

No. of Taluks 8 7 7 22

No. of villages 901 576 525 2002

Rainfall (normal) 1019 1834 1499 Mean

1451

Agriculture (in Hec)

Net sown area 201809 166624 149703 518136

Fallow land 47185 169624 25073 241882

Waste land 2201 9228 5258 16687

Net irrigated area 173161 180063 127128 480352

By canals 154001 186063 127128 467192

By wells 11355 -- -- 11355

By others 7805 -- -- 7805

Size of Holding–Area (Hec) 227674 151702 154594 533970

Dairy Animals

Cattle 489693 332022 767855 1589570

Buffaloes 34476 56666 85317 176459

Milk Production(LPD)

Flush Season 7018000 3282000 1059000 11359000

Lean Season 4679000 3048000 612000 8339000

Total (LPD) 11697000 6330000 1671000 19698000

Population

Male 1096638 580784 739064 2416486

Female 1119500 588690 749765 2457955

Total 2216138 1169474 1488829 4874441

Classification of workers

Cultivators 189724 88946 98485 377155

Small & marginal farmers 251900 181192 146387 579479

Agricultural labourers 323026 242284 268167 833477

Household cottage

Industries

21011 9381 5154 35546

Other works 226373 60150 45737 332260

Source: http://www.thanjavur.tn.nic.in

http://www.tiruvarur.tn.nic.in

http://www.nagapattinam.tn.nic.in

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3.4 PROFILE OF THANJAVUR DISTRICT COOPERATIVE MILK

PRODUCERS’ UNION LIMITED (TDCMPU)

The Thanjavur District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union (TDCMPU) was

registered as Thanjavur City cooperative Milk Supply Union on September 2, 1939 under the

Cooperative Societies Act and started functioning with effect from November 2, 1939 for the

purpose of trading in milk and milk products. The erstwhile Thanjavur City Cooperative Milk

Supply Union has been converted to Thanjavur District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union

Limited and started functioning from April 1, 1982. The TDCMPU Limited was included in

the Operation Flood scheme during 1985 along with Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai unions

with the motive to improve milk procurement and sales in the district and to provide

additional revenue to the farmer members of the union.

At the time of the commencement of production, there were 5 milk supply cooperative

societies and 6 members with an average milk procurement of 150 litres of milk per day.

3.4.1 TDCMPU AT A GLANCE

The area of operation of the union covers the entire revenue district of Thanjavur,

Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam. The profile of the union is presented in Table 3. 4.

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Table 3.4

TDCMPU LIMITED – AT A GLANCE

S.NO Particulars As on 03.02.2006

01. Date of Registration 02.09.1939

02. Date of Starting 03.11.1939 (as Thanjavur City

Cooperative Milk Supply Union)

03. Area of Operation Thanjavur, Thiruvarur &

Nagapattinam District

04. Total No. of Registered Societies 230

05. Total No. of Functioning Societies 113

06 Women Societies Registered 30

07. Women Societies Functional 17

08. Total Members 107933

09 Pouring members 15857

10. Non Pouring members 92076

11. Women Members 40170

12. Daily average milk procurement (in

LPD)

23911

13. Dairy average milk sales (in LPD) 9607

14. Distribution routes 07

15. Marketing zones Thanjavur, Kumbakonam,

Pattukkottai and Thiruvarur

16.

Sales (LPD)

Card 4800

Cash 2175

Stalls 550

Institutions 450

Societies 175

Wholesale dealer 145

17. No. of Agents 84

18. No. of Parlours 18

19. No. of Chilling Centre 2

20. Thanjavur main dairy capacity 26000 LPD

21. Pattukkottai chilling centre capacity 10000 LPD

22.

No. of Animals

under cooperative

ambit

White cattle 59128

Black cattle 9815

Total 68943

23. Societies covered under Artificial

Insemination programme

38

24. Total staff strength 86

Source: Computed from the records of TDCMPU Limited.

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3.4.2 ORGANISATION OF TDCMPU LTD.

The reputation and success of a business organization largely depends on its

personnel. The organization structure of Thanjavur District Cooperative Milk Producers’

Union Limited consists of:

1. Production section

2. Procurement and Input Section (P & I)

3. Administrative Section

4. Accounts Section

5. Marketing Section

The Managing Director is the head of all the sections of the union and there is an Assistant

Manager at each section. The structure of the organization is shown in Figure 3.2

75

3.4.3 MANAGEMENT OF TDCMPU LTD.

The management of Thanjavur union just like any other cooperative institution is

conducted in the general meeting. The members can meet together, discuss and decide upon

the various matters concerning the Thanjavur Union. The general meeting of Thanjavur Union

should be held generally once or twice in a year to decide the broad policies. The Supreme

Authority shall vest with the General meeting. A General meeting may be called at any time

by majority of the Executive Committee members and shall be called once in every year

within the quarter ending 30th

June. This shall be called the Annual General meeting. A

special General meeting may be called at any time by a majority of the Executive Committee

members and shall be called within one month on requisition in writing by one fifth of the

members of the union or by the Registrar or the committee of the Federal union to which the

union is affiliated. One fifth of the total number of delegates and representatives of the

societies or 25 (which ever is less) shall form a quorum of the General meeting.

For day-to-day management of the Thanjavur union there is an executive committee.

The Executive committee shall consist of seventeen members as noted below:

(i) Twelve elected representatives of the affiliated societies.

(ii) One nominee of the Registrar, Cooperative Societies.

(iii) One nominee of the financing agency (Indian Dairy Corporation).

(iv) One nominee to be co-opted from the Federation of the milk union to which

the union is affiliated.

(v) One nominee from National Dairy Development Board.

(vi) Managing Director of the Union, Ex-officio Member / Secretary.

76

(vii) Nine members shall form the quorum of the Executive committee.

(viii) The Executive Committee shall elect the Chairman every year by their first

meeting after the annual meeting and they shall be continued to hold the office

till new chairman is elected.

The committee shall dispose off applications for membership and shares, raise loans,

approve/certify the Balance Sheet and the Profit and Loss Account, prepare Annual Report,

arrange for adequate security against embezzlement, stealing, misappropriation, damage by

employees handling cash, goods and securities, examine stock register, physical verification

of stock on hand, consider audit memo, take action on the instructions contained therein and

submit Audit Rectification Report to the Auditor, appoint the Managing Director and other

senior officers and fix their remunerations, acquire lands for the Union, sanction investment in

fixed assets on land, buildings, machinery etc., endorse/sell/transfer and otherwise deal with

Government and other securities, sell the commodities on credit to the affiliated milk

cooperative societies and authorize the Managing Director to sell the commodities on credit.

Generally seven days notice shall be issued for calling a meeting of the Executive

Committee and in case of urgency, the limit can be shortened. On urgent occasions the

business of the Executive Committee shall be conducted by a circular meeting. It shall be

competent for the Executive Committee to frame subsidiary rules consistent with the

provisions of the act, rules and bye-laws for proper conduct of the business of the Union. The

Chairman shall have the general control over all the affairs of the Union.

At present all cooperative institutions in Tamil Nadu including the present Thanjavur

union are under the control and supervision of the respective special officers. In other words,

the Board management in cooperatives has been superseded by the Tamil Nadu Government

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and accordingly the Thanjavur union is also under the Special Officers’ control since

25.05.2001.

The Thanjavur District Collector is the present special officer for the Thanjavur union

and a full time managing director is looking after the overall management of the Thanjavur

union.

3.4.4 AUDIT CLASSIFICATION STATUS

Cooperative audit is as old as cooperative movement. The main object of the

audit of a cooperative society is to ensure that it has carried out the requirements of law

governing the working of cooperative societies and also that it functions on sound lines. The

primary intention of cooperative audit was to improve the performance of the cooperatives

themselves and to safeguard the interests of their members, who were assumed to be people

with less business experience than those who would normally engage in trading of financial

ventures. Cooperative audit extends not only to accounts but also the cooperative character of

the institution audited. For securing both these purposes, it is necessary that the staff

entrusted with audit have a cooperative background. The audit of all societies once a year is

the statutory duty of the Registrar and in most states, the work is carried on by a special staff

employed by the cooperative department.

Cooperative auditors give their audited reports in a classified manner. At present, there

are four types of such classifications. Cooperative societies with average standard and above

are awarded 55 per cent or more marks and they are given grade ‘A’ audit classification and

for just average societies they give marks between 40 and 54 per cent with ‘B’ grade audit

classification. For societies with 30 to 39 per cent marks ‘C’ grade is given and for the

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societies with less than 30 per cent marks, last grade ‘D’ is assigned. The Thanjavur union

annual audit is done on the basis of three areas. Such areas are financial matters, professional

approach and development activities. The maximum Audit marks of 100 is allotted to the

above three respective areas in the ratio 45 : 27 : 28. Thanjavur union gets ‘C’ grade audit

classification only which is equal to 30 to 39 per cent to a total of 100 marks during the entire

period of study.

3.5 PROFILE OF THE SELECTED SAMPLE MILK PRODUCERS’

COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES

3.5.1 KUMBAKONAM MILK PRODUCERS’ COOPERATIVE SOCIETY NO. T/901

This society was registered on April 9, 1941. Since it has been located in the town, its

local sales were more. The average procurement of milk by the society was 7000 litres per

day. It has 20912 registered members.8

3.5.2 MADUKOOR MILK PRODUCERS’ COOPERATIVE SOCIETY NO. T/1431

This society was registered on August 28, 1959 and started functioning from

September 16, 1959. There were 9348 registered members and the average procurement of

milk per day ranges between 5300 litres to 5600 litres.9

3.5.3 PATTUKOTTAI MILK PRODUCERS’ COOPERATIVE SOCIETY NO. T/464

This society was registered on March 3, 1960 and started functioning from April 29,

1960. There were 6557 registered members and the average procurement of milk per day

79

ranges between 2500 litres to 2800 litres. It has received 10 awards for best performance in

the district level.10

3.5.4 TIRUKANURPATTI MILK PRODUCERS’ COOPERATIVE SOCIETY

NO.TRD/573.

This society was established on June 26, 1982 and registered on the same date. There

were 751 registered members and the average procurement of milk per day ranges between

800 litres to 900 litres. It has received 12 awards in the district level and 1 award in the state

level for its efficient performance.11

3.5.5 MANNARGUDI MILK PRODUCERS’ COOPERATIVE SOCIETY NO. T/848

This is one of the oldest milk producers’ cooperative society which was started even

before independence, on August 22, 1938. There were 35707 registered members and the

average milk procurement per day ranges between 10500 to 17670 litres. The society has

received eight awards in the District level and 3 awards in the State level for its efficient

performance.12

3.5.6 SURAMANGALAM MILK PRODUCERS’ COOPERATIVE SOCIETY

NO.Z/348

Suramangalam Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society was registered on January 18,

1956 and commenced operation on January 30, 1956. There were 5654 registered members

and the average milk procurement of the society was between 1800 to 1900 litres per day. It

has won four prizes in the district level for its best performance.13

80

END NOTE

1 Hemendra Mathur, “Indian Dairying: Prospects and Opportunties”, Dairy India, 2007, p. 46.

2 Livestock and Poultry Census, 2003, Report of National Sample Survey Organization,

January, 2006.

3 http://www.dahd.nic.in, Accessed on September 26, 2005.

4 Reports of the Technical Committee of Direction for Improvement of Animal Husbandry

and Dairying Statistics, http://indiastatistics.com, Accessed on September 26, 2005.

5 http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2005-06/pdf/dairy_development.pdf,

Accessed on January 15, 2007.

6 http://www.aavin.net/organisation.html, Accessed on January 12, 2007.

7 Ibid.,

8 Records of Kumbakonam Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society, December 2005.

9 Records of Madukoor Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society, December 2005.

10 Records of Pattukottai Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society, December 2005.

11 Records of Thirukanurpatti Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society, December 2005.

12

Records of Mannargudi Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society, December 2005.

13 Records of Suramangalam Milk Producers’ Cooperative Society, December 2005.