3.1 PREVIEW QUESTIONS - Wadai English and Nationality.pdf · Country & Nationality. 3.1 PREVIEW...

Country & Nationality

3.1 PREVIEW QUESTIONSThe following questions refer to the picture below. Discuss these questions with a partner.

1 What is this woman holding in her hand?2 What does the Japanese say? What other language is

this passport written in?3 What is this for?4 What other information is inside?5 Do you have one of these?

3.2 DIALOG PRACTICERyan is talking to Tomoko.

Ryan Are you Korean? Tomoko No, I’m not. I’m Japanese. Ryan Oh. I thought you were Korean. Tomoko I guess I look Korean. Ryan So where in Japan are you from? Tomoko I’m from a place called Wakayama. Ryan I’ve never heard of it. Is it near Tokyo? Tomoko No, it isn’t. Do you know where Osaka is? Ryan Yes, of course. Tomoko Well, Wakayama is located about one hour by train

south of Osaka.

3.3 COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1 What nationality did Ryan think Tomoko was at first?2 Where is Tomoko from?3 Where is that?4 Has Ryan ever heard of this place?

Unit 3

Talking About Japan , Unit 3 | "Country and Nationality" p. 46

3.4 SUBSTITUTION DRILL 1Practice with a partner. Use the CUES to make new sentences. Be sure to make all other necessary changes.

BEGIN Where in Japan are you from?

1 they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where in Japan are they from?2 she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where in Japan is she from?3 what part of . . . . . . . What part of Japan is she from?4 Canada . . . . . . . . . . . What part of Canada is she from?5 you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What part of Canada are you from?6 come from . . . . . . . . What part of Canada do you come from?7 our teacher . . . . . . . . What part of Canada does our teacher come from?8 the U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . What part of the U.S. does our teacher come from?9 where . . . . . . . . . . . . Where in the U.S. does our teacher come from?10 they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where in the U.S. do they come from?

EXPRESSION: "Where in 〜 are you from?" ( 〜のどこ？ )※ 国などの「どこ」を尋ねる時、次の表現が使える :

Where in [〜 ]

am I

from?is he

she

areyouthey we

do youwethey

come from?

doeshesheit

ÒÒ Where in Japan are you come from?¡¡ Where in Japan are you from?¡¡ Where in Japan do you come from?

What part of [〜 ]

are youtheywe

from?is

hesheit

am I

do youwethey

come from?

doeshesheit


DESCRIBING LOCATION 1: 位置を説明する※ 通常、他の物や場所との関係を説明する前置詞 (preposition) または前置詞句 (prepositional phrase)を用いて、位置を記述する。Location is usually described using prepositions or prepositional phrases that indicate a relationship with another object or place.次の文を考えよう :• Wakayama is near Osaka. = 和歌山は大阪の近くにある。

• Wakayama is far from Tokyo.= 和歌山は東京から遠いです。

The following shows some of the most common prepositions and prepositional phrases used to describe location.

The library isPublic rest rooms are [located]

insidenearnext toclose tobesidebehindacross fromaround the corner fromfar from

the park.in front

of

in the middlecenter

to the rightleft

[to the] northeastsouthwestin the

in between the park and the zoo.

Note some of the other prepositions that are sometimes used.• The bicycle is under the tree.

• The bicycle is beneath the tree.

• The kite is above the tree.

• The kite is over the tree.

• The fence is around the tree.


3.5 GUIDED EXCHANGEWork with a partner. Use the CUES and your own knowledge to make short exchanges as in the model.

EXAMPLE: Kyoto | Osaka

» Where is Kyoto? » Kyoto is near Osaka.

OR

» Kyoto is about 40 minutes by train east of Osaka.1 the United States | Canada and Mexico2 Sendai | Tokyo3 the Hawaiian Islands | the Pacific Ocean4 your chin | your mouth5 the Congo | Africa6 the brake | the clutch7 the spacebar | the keyboard8 Venus | Mercury and the Earth9 Kansai International Airport | Izumisano City10 the Great Barrier Reef | Australia11 the Great Buddha of Nara | Todaiji Temple12 Oz | the rainbow

DESCRIBING LOCATION 2※ 通常、位置を明確に記述する際、次の三点が重要 :

• Reference point 基準点

• Distance 距離

• Direction 方向

DISTANCE DIRECTION REFERENCE

Wakayama is [located] one hour by train80 kilometers south of Osaka.

Note the different ways to describe "distance":• "one hour by train"

• "a one-hour train ride"

Expressions using “to” (“to the north of,” “to the right of”) generally indicate that the subject is NOT PART of the other object.

Compare the following sentences:• Hokkaido is to the north of Honshu.

• Hokkaido is in the north of Japan.

• The light switch is to the right of the door.

• The lock is on the right [side] of the door.

North

NortheastNorthwest

SoutheastSouthwest

South

EastWest


ExpansionMake sentences to describe the location of these things:

1 Texas | the United States2 Mexico | the United States3 Awaji Island | the Kii Peninsula4 Wakayama City | the Kii Peninsula

3.6 MATCHINGWork with a partner. Match the information in the following table to make questions and answers as in the example.

EXAMPLE: Where is Shirahama [located]?

¡Ä Shirahama is located about 90 minutes by car south of Wakayama City.

Shirahama

Kinkakuji

Tokushima

Hiroshima

Fukuoka

Universal Studios, Japan

Narita Airport

Shirasagi Castle

one hour by train

one hour and forty minutes by Shinkansen

a 90-minute flight

50 minutes by bus

90 minutes by car

20 minutes on foot

two and a half hours by ferry

a thirty-minute subway ride

northsoutheastwest

of

Wakayama City

Tokyo

Himeji Station

Osaka

Kyoto Station

Namba Station

Tokyo Station

Wakayama


COUNTRIES & NATIONALITIES 国と国籍"Japan" is the name of a country. The people who come from Japan are "Japanese." Japanese is their nationality. • He is from Japan.

• He is Japanese.

• He is a Japanese citizen.

Observe the following countries and nationalities. (This list is, of course, just a sampling of the world's many countries.)

Country Nationality

Australia Australian

Brazil Brazilian

Great Britain / the U.K. British

Canada Canadian

China Chinese

Cuba Cuban

Denmark Danish

Egypt Egyptian

England English

France French

Germany German

Greece Greek

Holland (the Netherlands) Dutch

India Indian

Indonesia Indonesian

Italy Italian

Ireland Irish

Japan Japanese

Kenya Kenyan

Malaysia Malaysian

Mexico Mexican

Norway Norwegian

Country Nationality

Pakistan Pakistani

the Philippines Filipino

Poland Polish

Russia Russian

Saudi Arabia Saudi (Arabian)

Spain Spanish

Switzerland Swiss

Thailand Thai

Turkey Turk(ish)

the United States American

Vietnam Vietnamese

The words that appear in the right-hand column are technically called "demonyms." A demonym is the word that we use to refer to the residents of a particular place. Demonyms are not limited to countries. Continents, states and cities also have their own demonyms.For example, someone from Nairobi can be called an African, a Kenyan and even a Nairobian. Someone from Tokyo may be called an Asian, a Japanese and a Tokyoite.In general, English uses suffixes to form the demonym for most countries. But as you can see, English uses many different suffixes (-an, -ian, ish, -ese, -anian, -i, etc.). These must be learned.Adding to the confusion, the name used to refer to an individual person can be different from the collective demonym. So, for example, a man from Madrid is both "Spanish" and "a Spaniard."


3.7 TRANSFORMATION DRILLPractice countries and nationalities by changing the following statements as in the examples.

EXAMPLE 1 She’s from Africa.

¡Ä She’s African.

EXAMPLE 2 Are they from Vietnam?

¡Ä Are they Vietnamese?

Continue with the following CUES.

1 I’m from Japan.2 They’re from the U.S.3 We’re not from China.4 He’s from Malaysia.5 My shoes are from Italy.6 This wine is from France.7 Are you from Korea?8 Is he from England?

3.8 GUIDED EXCHANGEWork with a partner. Practice countries and nationalities using the dialog in the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1 we | Japanese

» We’re Japanese. » Where in Japan are you from?

EXAMPLE 2 he | Dutch

» He’s Dutch. » Where in Holland is he from?


1 she | German2 our teacher | British3 I | Italian4 they | Swiss5 my parents | Brazilian6 your roommate | South American

Remember to use alternative expressions like: "What part of...? and "do you come from"


• Scotch

• American

• Turkish

• Russian

• Mexican

• French

• Dutch

• Belgian

• Arabian

• Indian

3.10 Q&AWork with the members of a small group. Discuss your answers to the following questions.

1 What do we call people from these places?• Israel• Lesbos, Greece• Hamburg, Germany• Paris, France• Mars

2 Where do you think the following people are from?• an Ivorian• a Liverpudlian• a Sydneysider• a Muscovite• a Novocastrian• an Earthling

3 Sometimes we use nicknames for residents of certain places. A New Zealander might also be called a Kiwi. Where are these people from?• a Dosanko• an Edokko

3.11 CHALLENGEWe sometime use demonyms to describe particular things. Match the demonym (in the box) with the appropriate word. Can you explain each?

1 treat 2 kiss 3 waffle 4 roulette 5 dream 6 delight 7 tape 8 ink 9 standoff 10 nights


BROTHER & SISTERThe people in the picture on the right are brother and sister. Their names are Chris and Cathy Reed. Their mother is Japanese, and their father is American. They were born in the United States, but in the 2010 Winter Olympics, they skated for the Japanese Olympic team. Their younger sister is named Allison. She also skated in the 2010 Winter Olympics, but she was a member of the team from Georgia!

Comprehension QuestionsAnswer the following questions. Use FULL SENTENCES.

1 What is Cathy's brother's name?2 Were Chris and Cathy born in Japan?3 Is their father American?4 Where is their mother from?5 Was their younger sister a member of the Japanese Olympic

team?

3.12 FILL IN THE BLANKSFill in the blanks with the correct form of the Be-verb.

1 Chris and Cathy Reed Japanese.2 They members of the Japanese Olympic team.3 Each of my children born in a different

country, but both raised here in Japan.4 Jimmu the first emperor. Who

the current emperor of Japan?5 Alaska located in North America, but it

once part of Russia.6 Kokoro and Botchan written by the same

author. His name Natsume Sōseki.7 your parents from Osaka?8 they born there?


3.13 GUIDED STATEMENTS.

Use the CUES to make sentences as in the example.

EXAMPLE he | Korean | Japanese

¡Ä He's Korean, but I thought he was Japanese.


1 he | a student | a teacher 2 it | prohibited | allowed3 you | alive | dead4 I | early | late5 she | from Osaka | from Tokyo6 we | right | wrong7 they | Canadian | American8 the capital of Canada | Ottawa | Toronto9 these | mine | yours10 today | [?] | Sunday

A FAMOUS JAPANESE (WHO WASN’T BORN IN JAPAN)The man on the left is known in English as Lafcadio Hearn (1850-1904).

Actually, his full name was Patrick Lafcadio Hearn. His middle name, Lafcadio, comes from the name of an island in Greece called Lafkadia. This was where Hearn was born.Hearn’s father was Irish and his mother was Greek.In 1890, Hearn came to Japan. He married a Japanese woman and became a Japanese citizen in 1896.At that time, he changed his family name to Yakumo, which was his wife’s maiden name, and he took Koizumi as his personal name.

3.14 COMPREHENSION QUESTIONSAnswer the following questions in FULL SENTENCES.

1 When was Lafacadio Hearn born?2 Is Lafacadio his first name?3 Where does his middle name come from?4 Where was he born?5 Where was his father from?6 Where was his wife from?7 What was her family name?8 What was Hearn's nationality?


3.15 Q&AWork with a partner. Ask and answer questions about the following famous people. Use your dictionary if necessary.

EXAMPLE

» Who was Charles Darwin? » He was a scientist. » Where was he from? » I think he was born in England.

Charles Darwin

Che Guevara Gandhi Mother Teresa Van Gogh

Chopin Marco PoloJean d'ArcConfucius


In this activity, you will work with a partner.

One of you will be STUDENT A (look at page 50); the other will be STUDENT B (look at page 51).

You will ask your partner 10 questions. And your partner will ask you ten questions. The correct answers are in bold letters.

Keep track of your partner's answers. Which of you can answer the most questions correctly?

IF YOU SEE:

Where Kūkai born?Shikoku | Nara | Wakayama

YOU SHOULD ASK:

» Where was Kūkai born? » Was he born in Shikoku, Nara, or Wakayama?”

IF YOU SEE:

Where Koshien Stadium located?Shiga | Osaka | Hyogo

YOU SHOULD ASK:

» Where is Koshien Stadium located? » Is it located in Shiga, Osaka or Hyogo?”

IF YOU SEE:

Who the 47 Ronin?samurai | musicians | kamikaze pilots

YOU SHOULD ASK:

» Who were the 47 Ronin? » Were they samurai, musicians or kamikaze pilots?”

IF YOU SEE:

What Safari, Chrome and Firefox?social media sites | web browsers | operating systems

YOU SHOULD ASK:

» What are Safari, Chrome and Firefox? » Are they social media sites, web browsers, or operating systems?

Notice that you need to add the correct form of the be-verb to complete each question.

INFORMATION EXCHANGE

EXAMPLE 1 Who Charles Darwin? politician | composer | scientist » Who was Charles Darwin? Was he a politician, a composer or a scientist? » I think he was a scientist. » That's right. Charles Darwin was a scientist.

EXAMPLE 2 Where Chris and Cathy Reed from? the U.S | Japan | Georgia » Where are Chris and Cathy Reed from? Are they from the U.S., Japan or Georgia? » I think they're from Japan. » No, that's wrong. They're from the U.S.


INFORMATION EXCHANGE STUDENT A

STEP ONEAsk your partner the following questions (Circle the answers that he or she gives; tell him or her the correct answer):

1 What the last letter of the Greek alphabet? sigma | omega | gamma

2 Who Nene? Oda Nobunaga’s wife | Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s wife | Tokugawa Ieyasu’s wife

3 How old Mozart when he died? 24 | 31 | 35

4 Where in Tokyo Tokyo Tower located? Chuo Ward | Minato Ward | Meguro Ward

5 Who called Ushiwakamaro when he was young? Minamoto no Yoshitsune | Shōtoku Taishi | Toyotomi Hideyoshi

6 What the prefectural capital of Gumma? Urawa | Maebashi | Takasaki

7 Who Fujiwara Michinaga’s father? Kaneie | Michitsuna | Yoshinobu

8 When the Battle of Sekigahara? 1566 | 1600 | 1612

9 Where the Vikings from? Central America | Scandinavia | Eurasia

10 Which famous writer a member of Empress Teishi’s salon? Izumi Shikibu | Murasaki Shikibu | Sei Shōnagon

STEP TWOAnswer your partner's questions in FULL SENTENCES.


INFORMATION EXCHANGE STUDENT B

STEP ONEAnswer your partner's questions in FULL SENTENCES.

STEP TWOAsk your partner the following questions (Circle the answers that he or she gives; tell him or her the correct answer):

1 What the capital of Romania? Sofia | Prague | Bucharest

2 Who the last shogun? Tokugawa Yoshinobu | Tokugawa Ietsugu | Tokugawa Yoshimune

3 What the Prado and the Hermitage? museums | palaces | opera houses

4 When the Summer Olympic Games first held in Tokyo? 1960 | 1964 | 1968

5 Who Kaikei and Unkei? Buddhist priests | sculptors | artists

6 Where the Nebuta Festival held? Iwate | Aomoi | Akita

7 Who Daikoku, Bishamon and Benzaiten? Buddhas | Gods of Good Fortune | sumo wrestlers

8 What city in England the Beatles from? Newcastle | Liverpool | Manchester

9 What nationality the current head of the United Nations? Korean | Japanese | Ghanan

10 How many provinces there in Canada? 8 | 9 | 10


3.16 Q&AWork with a partner. Ask and answer questions about the following Japanese words (of foreign origin).

EXAMPLE 1 アンケート

» Where does the Japanese word アンケート come from? » It comes from the French word "enquête." » What is the English word for アンケート ? » The English word for アンケート is "questionnaire."

EXAMPLE 2 アルバイト

» Does the word アルバイト come from English? » No, it doesn't come from English. » What language does it come from? » It comes from the German word for "job." » How do you say アルバイト in English? » アルバイト in English is "part-time job."


1 ノルマ2 コンクール3 合羽4 パンク5 ラッコ6 ゴム

WORDS & LANGUAGES 言葉と言語Notice the expressions we can you to ask about words:• What does this word say?

• What does it mean?

Here are other ways to ask about words, etc.

How do peopleyou

saypronouncereadspellwrite

this wordyour name in Japanese?

English?

Here are some common ways to ask about meanings:

What is the EnglishJapanese

word forequivalent of

[the English word][the Japanese word] 〜 ?


3.17 DIALOG PRACTICEMayumi is talking to Amanda.

Amanda Whose passport is this? Mayumi It’s mine. Amanda But this is a Korean passport. I

thought you were Japanese. Mayumi Well, I was born and raised in Japan, but

technically I’m a Korean citizen. Amanda Were your parents born in Korea? Mayumi No, they were born here, too. Amanda But your nationality is Korean? Mayumi Yes, even though I’ve never even been to Korea. Amanda Then how come you’re Korean and not Japanese? Mayumi My grandparents were from Korea. They came to

Japan in the 1920’s. Amanda And they never became Japanese citizens? Amanda No. Neither did my parents. Amanda But your name sounds Japanese. Mayumi Actually, Hayashi Mayumi is my registered alias.

On my passport my name is in Korean. It’s Park Mi-ran.

Amanda Should I call you Mi-ran, then? Mayumi Oh, no. No one ever calls me that. I only use my

Japanese name.

A ¥EN TO KNOWEveryone knows that the Japanese currency is called the "yen." And the symbol for the yen is the letter "Y" with two lines (¥).

But the Japanese themselves don't call their currency "yen." Their word for their own money is "en." And this is written with the kanji 円 , which means circle.

So why do non-Japanese say "yen," while the Japanese themselves say "en"?

The answer is language change. Today, modern Japanese has only three syllables that begin with the "y" sound ("ya," "yu," and "yo"). But long ago, there were two other sounds ("yi" and "ye"). These sounds were used more than three hundred years ago when the first foreign-language Japanese dictionaries were written.

So, for example, in the Portuguese-Japanese dictionary Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (known as the日

にっぽじしょ

葡辞書 in Japanese) , the word for Japanese money is "yen," which was the pronunciation in Japan at that time.


3.18 Q&AWork with the members of a group. Ask and answer the questions below. Use the EXAMPLES to help you. Use FULL SENTENCES!

EXAMPLE 1 What's the capital of Japan?

¡Ä Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

EXAMPLE 2 What country is Washington, D.C. the capital of?

¡Ä Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States.

EXAMPLE 3 What country is this the flag of?

¡Ä That's the flag of Italy. (That's the Italian flag.)

EXAMPLE 4 What country is Gaelic the language of?

¡Ä Gaelic is the language of Ireland.

3.20 DIALOG SCRAMBLEWork with a partner. Rearrange the following statements to make a complete dialog. Practice the dialog.

From Ottowa. Do you

know where that is?

Really? It's the capital

of Canada.

No, I don't. I've

never heard of it.

No, I'm not. I'm Canadian.

Excuse me, are you

from England?

So where in Canada are

you from?

Yes. I get that a lot. My

parents are from England

Oh, I thought you

sounded British.


EXAMPLE 5 What country uses the yen(¥)?

¡Ä The yen is the currency of Japan. (The yen is the Japanese currency.)

Use the following questions. (Feel free to ask your own questions as well!)

1 What is the capital of Turkey?2 What country is Colombo the capital of?3 What country is this the flag of?4 What country is Farsi the language of?5 What country uses the Ruble (₽)?

6 What Japanese prefecture is this a map of?7 What currency is this (€)the symbol of?8 Name five African countries.9 Name three cities in India.10 Name four countries where English is spoken.

3.19 Q&AWork with a partner. Use the CUES to ask and answer questions. Answer freely.

EXAMPLE 1 Belgium

» What language(s) do people speak in Belgium? » French and Flemish are spoken in Belgium.

EXAMPLE 2 Iran

» What language do people speak in Iran? » I don't know what language people speak in Iran.

OR

» People speak Farsi in Iran. [Farsi is spoken in Iran.]

Continue with the following CUES. (Some of these are countries; some are cities.)

1 Egypt2 Austria3 Hong Kong

4 Puerto Rico5 Montreal6 Brazil


“Japan” is the English name for the

country that the residents themselves call Nihon or Nippon. In the earliest records written by Chinese visitors to Japan, the country was called “Wa.” But the Japanese didn’t like the meaning of the kanji (倭) that was used to write this name. Sometime around the seventh century, the Japanese started referring to their country with the Chinese characters that mean “sun” 日 and “source” 本. This is because Japan, which is located to the east of China, is in the direction of the rising sun. In the Japanese language these kanji can be read either as “Nihon” or “Nippon.” From their meaning, Japan also gets its familiar nickname, “Land of the Rising Sun.”So how did the country get the name “Japan” in English?In his book describing his travels in Asia, Marco Polo wrote about a “land of gold located 1500 miles to the east of Cathay (China) called “Cipangu.” Many scholars believe that the name Marco Polo used came from the Chinese pronunciation of 日本国. It seems very likely that the name of Japan in most European languages comes from Marco Polo’s “Cipangu.”

The Name “Japan”

Comprehension QuestionsAnswer the following questions in FULL SENTENCES.

1 Is the name for Japan the same in both English and Japanese?2 What is one of the oldest names for Japan? (Do you know any others?)3 Why did the Japanese change the name of their country in letters written to the Chinese?4 What name did they use and why?5 What does the word "their" refer to (in "from their meaning")?6 What did Marco Polo write about?7 What name did he use to refer to the country "1500 miles east of Cathay"?

おまけ


WHAT ELSE DID MARCO POLO SAY ABOUT "CIPANGU"? In addition to mentioning palaces and houses made of gold, he said the island was overflowing with other treasures. He described the people as being very polite and good looking, but that they also practiced cannibalism!Marco Polo was from the Italian city of Venice. But when he returned from Asia, Venice was at war with the city of Genoa. Marco Polo was captured by Genoa, and it was while in their prison that he wrote his famous book The Travels of Marco Polo. Two centuries later, a man from Genoa read this book and was inspired to find a way to sail to the places that Marco Polo described. That man's name was Christopher Columbus!

3.21 CHALLENGE 1“Exonyms & Autonyms”The English name for many countries is not the same as the name used by the people who live there. For example, the island nation in East Asia is called "Japan" in English, but to the Japanese people, the name of their country is "Nihon."

Technically speaking, "Japan" is the English exonym while "Nihon" and "Nippon" are its "autonyms."

Below you can see a list of countries as they are known in those countries. Work with a partner, do you know the English names for these countries?

Refer to the following conversation as a model for your discussion.

ZhōngguóHellasÉire

SverigeBharatDaehan Minguk

EspañaÖsterreichMişr

» What country [do you think] is called "Zhōngguó" by its citizens? » I think "Zhōngguó" is the name for China. » Are you sure? » Not really. But it sounds [like] Chinese.


3.22 CHALLENGE 2Create a dialog. Work with a partner to create an original dialog

Imagine that you are attending a sports event in Japan with a foreign friend. Your friend notices that the crowd is cheering "Nip-pon! Nip-pon! Nip-pon!" Make a dialog in which your friend asks you about the various names of Japan. Use the information in the exercises above and your own knowledge to help you.


VOCABULARY äthletic field (n.) グラウンド ¨be born (v.) 生まれた ¨be located (v.) に位置する ¨brother (n.) 兄弟 ¨browser (n.) ブラウザ・閲覧ソフト ¨cannibalism (n.) 人食いの習慣 ¨capital (n.) 首都 ¨capture (v.) 捕獲する ¨century (n.) 世紀 ¨cheer (v.) 声援する ¨citizen (n.) 国民 ¨collective (adj.) 集団の・集合の ¨currency (n.) 通貨 ¨current (adj.) 現在 ¨demonym (n.) 住民の呼称 ¨derive (v.) に由来する ¨describe (v.) 描く ¨die (v.) 死ぬ ¨direction (n.) 方向・方面 ¨distance (n.) 距離 ¨familiar (adj.) よく知られている ¨father (n.) 父 ¨ferry (n.) フェリー ¨flag (n.) 旗・国旗 ¨Georgia (pn.) グルジア共和国 ¨grow up (v.) 育つ ¨head (n.) リーダー ïnspire (v.) インスピレーションを与える ¨language (n.) 言語 ¨late (adj.) 遅れている ¨member (n.) 一員 ¨middle name (n.) ミドルネーム

¨mother (n.) 母 ¨nationality (n.) 国籍 ¨nickname (n.) あだ名 ön time (adv.) 時間通りに öperating system (n.)基本ソフト öriginally (adv.) もともと överflow (v.) 溢れる ¨parents (n.) 両親 ¨prefecture (n.) 都、道、府、県 ¨prison (n.) 拘置所・刑務所 ¨pronunciation (n.) 発音 ¨province (n.) カナダなどの州 ¨raise (v.) 育てる ¨ready (adj.) 用意・準備ができた ¨record (n.) 記録 ¨record (n.) 記録 ¨refer (v.) 示す・表す ¨reference point (n.) 基準 ¨registered alias (n.) 通称名 ¨residence (n.) 住んでいる所 ¨resident (n.) 住民 ¨rise (v.) 昇る ¨scholar (n.) 学者 ¨scientist (n.) 科学者 ¨sculptor (n.) 彫刻家 ¨sister (n.) 姉または妹 ¨source (n.) もと ¨suffix (n.) 接尾辞 ¨technically (adv.) 厳密に（言うと） ¨treasure (n.) 宝 ¨war (n.) 戦争 ÿounger (adj.) 年下の

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