Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use Topic 3.1- Population Dynamics.
3.1 – Population Dynamics
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Transcript of 3.1 – Population Dynamics
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3.1 – Population DynamicsIB Topics 3.1.1-3.1.4
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use
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Current Human Population There are about 7
billion people living on Earth
For about 200,000 years, there were between 1-15 million people on Earth
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Milestones 1 Billion: 1804 2 Billion: 1927 3 Billion: 1960 4 Billion: 1974 5 Billion: 1987 6 Billion: 1999 7 Billion: 2012
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Demographics If you reduce the worlds population to a
village of 100 people…
http://www.toby-ng.com/graphic-design/the-world-of-100
/
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Predicted Growth Some predict
a stabilization of human population, while others predict a continued increase
Global Population Forecast
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Calculating Rates Crude Birth Rate
(CBR) The number of
live births per 1000 people
Equation:
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Calculating Rates Crude Death Rate
(CDR) The number of deaths
per 1000 people Equation:
Natural Increase Rate (NIR) CBR-CDR
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Calculating Rates Fertility
The average number of births per women of child-bearing age
Equation:
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Calculating Rates Doubling Time
The amount of time it takes for a population to double
Equation:
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Population Pyramids
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Population Pyramids
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Population Pyramids
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Population Pyramids
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Demographic Transition Model
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3.2 – Resources – Natural CapitalIB Topics 3.2.1-3.2.7
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use
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Natural CapitalNatural
resources/natural assets
Can become natural incomeGoods or
services
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Resources Non-renewable
Cannot be replenished at the same rate they are used
Renewable Living resources that
can be replenished at the rate they are used via human processes
Replenishable Non-living resources
that can be replenished via natural processes
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Nature of a ResourceThe value of a
resource changes with human technology/culture
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Sustainability Using resources at a
rate that allows natural regeneration
Living within the means of nature
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Ex: fishing, hunting, energy
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3.3 – Energy SourcesIB Topics 3.3.1-3.3.3
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use
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Making Energy Electricity is
delivered to homes and businesses via alternating current (AC)
AC power is generated when electromagnets are spun using a turbine
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Energy Sources Worldwide85% of the
worlds energy comes from fossil fuels.
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Energy Production in Wisconsin
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Pollution from Energy in Wisconsin
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Renewable Energy in Wisconsin
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Energy Production Examples: WI:
Pleasant Prairie Coal Plant 1190 MW Oak Creek Coal Plant 1135 MW Point Beach Nuclear Plant 1033 MW
Other Examples: Three Gorges Dam 22,500 MW Hoover Dam 2080 MW Nellis Solar Power Plant 14MW (70,000 panels) Big Wind Turbine 1.6 MW Typical Geothermal Plant 40 MW
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Energy Source
Description Pros Cons
Fossil Fuels
Nuclear
Wind
Hydro
Solar
Geothermal
Biofuels
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Fossil Fuels
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Nuclear Power
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Wind Power
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Hydropower
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Solar Power
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Geothermal Power
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Biofuels
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Oil Palms
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Future Solutions Hydrogen Nuclear Fusion Carbon
Sequestration
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3.4 – Soil SystemsIB Topics 3.4.1 – 3.4.5
Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use
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SoilSoil is eroded
rock, nutrients, decaying organic matter, and water
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Soil Formation
Soil is produced by: Weathering of rock Deposition of
sediments by erosion
Decomposition of organic matter in dead organisms
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Soil Horizons Soils generally have distinct horizons: A horizon
Humus (decaying organic matter with mineral particles) E horizon
Not always present, pale layer where minerals have been leached B horizon
Organic matter and mineral deposits C horizon
Weathered rock/bedrock
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Soil TextureSoil type depends on the particle size
Sand = BiggestSilt = MediumClay = Smallest
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Soil Texture
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Soil TypesPotential to hold organic matter
Drainage
Water holding capacity
Air Spaces
Plants and animals
Primary Productivity
Sandy Soil
Clay Soil
Loam Soil
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Soil TypesPotential to hold organic matter
Drainage
Water holding capacity
Air Spaces
Plants and animals
Primary Productivity
Sandy Soil
Low Very Good
Low Large Few Low
Clay Soil Low Poor Very High Small Few Very Low
Loam Soil Medium Good Medium Medium Many High
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Nutrients Macronutrients
Nitrogen (needed for chlorophyll)
Phosphorous (needed for photosynthesis)
Potassium (needed for fruiting and growth)
Calcium Magnesium Sulfur
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NutrientsMicronutrients
BoronCopperChloride IronManganeseZinc
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Nitrogen cycle Atmospheric Nitrogen has to be ‘fixed’ (usually
by bacteria) for plants to use it.
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Soil DegradationWater erosionWind erosionAcidificationGroundwater usePollutionDesertificationClimate changeOvergrazingDeforestationRoads
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Soil Degradation
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Soil Degradation
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Soil ConservationMechanical/
physical barriersOrganic farmingAfforestationContour plowingTerracingCrop rotationSoil conditioners
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