306 MAMMALIA

LEE. M.R. and F.F.S. ELDER, 1980. - Ycast stimulation of bone marrow mitosis for cytogenetic investifalion. Cytogenet. Ceil Genel., 26 ; 36-40.

MORIELLE-VERSUTE, E., M. VARELLA-GARCIA and V.A. TADDEI , 1996. - Karyotypic patterns cf seven species of molossid bats (Molossidae, Chiroptera). Cytogenet. Cell Genel. , 72: 26-33.

SlLVA, F. , 1984. - Guia para determinação de morcegos: Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre: Martins Livreiro.

TOLEDO, L.A., 1973. - Estudos cotigenéricaos em morcegos brasileiros (Mammalia.- Chiroptera). Doctoralthesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas de Botucaru, sr.

VARELLA-GARCIA, M., E. MORlELLE-VERSUTE and V.A. TADDEI , 1989. - A survey of cytogenctic data on Brazilian bats. Rev. Bras. Gene/iea, 12: 761-794.

W ARNER, J.W. , l.L. PAT1'ON, A.L. GARDNER and RJ. BAKER, 1974. - Karyotypic analys is of twenty-one spccics of molosid balS (Molossidac: Cbjroptera). Cano J. Gene!. Cytol., 16: 165-176.

Southernmost records of Sturnira tildae de la Torre, 1959 (Chiroptera : Phyllostomidae) in Brazil

by M. MrRElZKl I, A.L. PERRACHI 2 and G.V. B IANCON I3

'Museu de Historia Natural Capa0 da Imbuia, Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba, Rua Professor Benedito Conceicao 407, 82820-080, CuritibalPR - Brasil

E-mail: nicteris@terra.com.br 2Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,

23851-970, SeropedicalRJ - Brasil 3Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana. CP /62/0,

80215-901, CurtibalPR - Brasil

The genus Sturnira presents a wide distribution in lhe Neotropical region. It oecurs from Mex ico to northern Uruguay (Anderson and lones 1984; Koopman 1993) and includes 12 speeies (Koopman 1993). Traditionally, only speeies, S. lilium (E. Geoffroy, (810), is lisled lo the southern Brazil (Parana, Santa Calarina and Rio Grande do Sul Slales) (Marinho-Filho 1996). This condilion is being altered by lhe dis­covery of the occurrence of S. tildae in Parana State. The present rccord represents a 100 km southwards extension in the species distribution.

On March 16''', 1987 Maria Bernadete R. Lange, Vanessa G. Persson and Emerson Suemitsu captured some specimens af Sturnira during lhe prajecl « Vertebrate Surveys of the Area de Relevante Interesse Turístico do Marumbi ». These specimens were deposited in lhe rnamrnal collectian of theMuseu de Historia Natural Capa0 da Imbuia (MHNCI, Curitiba, Parana) and were originally idenlified as S. liüum. Recenlly, lhis material was revised (Miretzki 2(00) and il was observed lhal one of lhe specimens, MHNCI 3231 , was an exemplar of lhe speeies S. tildae de la Torre, 1959 inslead of

MamlllilLia, t. 66, n O 2, 2002: 306-309.

NOTES 307

S. lilium, as stated previously. This speeimen was eolleeted at the loeality known as Mae Catira, Morretes munieipality (25"25' S and 048"52' W; 35 km NE Curitiba), in an area of Atlantic Forest at an elevation of 395 rneters. The mea'iurement .. of lhe specimen, a male preserved in alcohol, whieh had the skull separ.ted, are presented in Table I.

T ABLE 1. - Externai and cranial measurements (in milli meters) of Sturnira tildae and S. lilium of eastem Paraná, southcrn Brazil. Thc valucs indicalc lhe media and the minimum and maximum values of the ana1yzed specimens are between brackets. The measurements in which S. tiúiae overcomes the maxj~ murn values of S. lilium are representcd in bold numbers.

S. tildae S. li/ium

--~;;;k(~)--~---;;;;;!;~-~6) ~-fe~T';-s-(~~s)--

ExnóRNAL MEASUREMEr'.TTS

Foremn teng!h

Tltird melacarpall

FOl.lrth rnClacarpall

Fifth rnetacarpalJ

Thumb length

Tibia lengtlt

Hindfool Icngth

Ear lengtll

CRAN!AL MEASUREMENTS

Greatest length of skull

Condylobasal length

Condylocanine length

Basal1engtlt

Palatal lenglh

lJppcr tooth-row

Lowcr toolh-rQw

Mandib[e [cllgth

Width aeross cillgula

camncs

Widlh across molars

lntcrorbital COJlstriction

Pnstorbital breadth

Zygomntic breadtlt

Braincase brcadlh

Mastoid breadth

Palatal brcadth

Morrctcs, Mãe

eafira

47.27

44.35

44.61

45.72

8.86

20.83

12.66

20.58

23.49

21.7 1

21.02

18.50

9.45

7.09

7.66

16.02

6.61

8.62

6.86

6.55

14.80

10.96

12.92

5.63

Tijucas do Sul,

Lagoinha

(25"55'$ -49"II'W)

42.41 (4L36-43.99)

39.46 (38.67-40.05)

38.8 (37.18-40.22)

41.21 (39.79-43.15)

8.31 (7.80-8.74)

18.31 (17.28-19.69)

11.78 (10.74-13.50)

14.91 (13.60-15.55)

22.8 (22.09-23.63)

20.66 (19.79-21.43)

19.87 (19.06-20.5 1)

[7.55 (16.67-18.35)

8.86 (8.43-9.62)

6.69 (6.43-6.95)

7.49 (7.24-7.66)

15.16 (14.47-15 .95)

6.4 (6.02-6.7)

8.39 (8.08-8.67)

6.46 (6.13-6.84)

6.23 (5.88-6.61)

[4.12 (13.22-14.83)

10.68 (10.22-1 1 .01)

12.17 (11.82-12.60)

5.51(5,37-5.71)

Tijucas do Sul,

L.agoinha

42.62 (40.[5-44.92)

40.12 (37.9 1-43.79)

39.75 (37.35-43.&2)

41.47 (38.86-45.\9)

8. 16 (1.06-9.29)

\7.13 (15.62- 19.19)

11.58 (9_81-12.92)

15.42 (13.14-17.43)

22.32 (21.65-23.11)

20.28 (19.72-20.94)

19.62 (\9. 14-20. 15)

[7.32 (16.79- 17.93)

8.86 (8.61-9.37)

6.47 (6.22-6.77)

7.12 (6.72-7.54)

14.72 (14.14-15.01)

6.15 (5.93-6.41)

8.1g(7.82-8.52}

6.27 (5 .94-6.71)

6.06 (5.79-6.39)

13_87 (13.48-14.-12)

10.53 (10.25-10.84)

12.29 (11.42-13 .37)

5.57 (5.19-5.91)

S. tildae may be considered a eommon speeies along its distribution area (Peraeehi and Albuquerque 1993 ; Fazzorali-Correa 1995 ; Wilson 1996), presenting evidence of close relationship with Iittle or non-altered forest (Brosset et ai. 1996; Simmons and Voss 1998), 5uch as the locality where the studied specimen was collected. This species is exc\usively South Ameriean (Eisenberg 1989) with records for southeastern Colom­bia, southern Venezuela, Guianas, Peruvian and Brazilian Arnazon, as well as, southeas­tem Brazil (Kooprnan 1993)_ The southemmost knwon occurrence for lhe species until

308 MAMMALLA

the present study were Iporanga (24'34' S and 48'41 ' W) (Trajano 1984) and Ilha do Cardoso (25'05' S and 47'53' W) (Fazzolari-Correa 1995), bolh in Sao Paulo Sta[e. These localities are [O the weslern and eastem slopes of lhe Serra do Mar, respectively.

S. ti/dae differs ex[emally from lhe congeneric S. lilium by the lighter color of lhe ventral fur (Fazzolari-Correa 1995), by lhe higher measurements of lhe ear, tibia, wing and condilobasal length (Table l ) (Goodwin and Green balll961 ; Davis 1980). Another importan t diagnostic feature observed in S. tildae is the bilobed and wider superior incisives (Eisenberg 1989). However, Simmons and Voss (1998) found it difficult to distinguish these species based on these characters, mainly among subadults, in which there was an overlap between measurements af both species, and among old animais, due to the natural decay af lhe incisives. The authors concluded lhat these characters are nol completely reliable to distinguish both species. Additionally, according to Ihem, the differences between lhe lingual cuspids of lhe molar [ee[h of lhe mandible were 100 % confident to lhe bats of Paracou (French Guiana). S. lilium is characlerized by lhe presence of high lingual cuspids lhat are separated by a deep vertical notch between ml and m2. In contrast, these cuspids are low and separated by shal10w notches in S. til4ae (Simmons and Voss 1998, fig. 50, p. 122). Analysis of skulls of S. lilium from east Parana (n = 24), deposited in MHNCI, showed that this character was confidenl in ali specirnens, even in the old animais.

Finally, i[ is recommended lhal rnammalogists work:ing in soulhern Brazil should pay great attention and care in the identification of thjs spccies, mainly when indivi­duais are captured, identified and released in the field ; and a1so that researchers revise collections in arder to evaluate the populations and distributional range cf thi s species.

Acknowledgemenls. - Thanks to the Sociedade de Pesquisa em Vida Selvagem e Educacao Ambiental (SPVS) lhal gave the coUected material LO lhe collection of lhe MHNCI. Many thanks to Fernanda Stender, Renato S. 8emj1s and Paulo H. Labiak for the crilicism and suggestions to the manuscript. Thanks to Juljana Quadros for the helpful translation and Marina Anciaes for english text review.

Bibliography.

ANDERSON, S. and J. K JONES, JR, 1984. - Orders andfamilies ofrecem mammals oflhe World. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 686 p.

BROSSET, A., P. CHARLES-OOMINIQUE, A. COCKLE, J.F. COSSON and O. MASSON, 1996. - 8at communities and dcforestation in French Guiana. Cano J. 2001. , 74: 1974-1982.

DAVIS, W.B., 1980. - New Slurnira (Chiroptera, Phyl1 oslomidae) fro m Central and South Ame­rica,with key to currently recognized species. Oce. Papo Mus. Tex. Tech Univer., 93: 1-16.

EISENI3ERG, J.F., 1989. - Mammals oI lhe Neotropies: lhe norlhern Neolropies. Vol. 1. The Uni­versitu 01' Chicago Press, Chicago and London. 449 p.

FAZZOLAR I-CORREA, S., 1995. - Aspectos sistematieos, ecologicos a reproductivos de morcegos na Mata At/antica. Tese de Doutorado. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Biocien­eias, Sao Paulo. 168 p.

GOODWIN, G.G. and A.M. GREENHALL, 1961. - A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago : descriptions, rabies infect ion and ecology. Buli. Amer. Mus. Nat. His!., 122(3): 187-302.

KOOPMAN, KF., 1993. - Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137-241 , in: Mammals species of lhe Worid : a taxonomic and geographie reference. 2"" Ed. Eds. Wilson, O.E. and O. Reeder. Smithso­nian Institution Press, Washington and London. 1207 p.

MARINHO-FILHO, J. , 1996. ~ Distribution of bal di versity in lhe southern and southeastern Brazi­lian Atlantic Forest. Chiroplera Neotropical, 2(2) : 51-54.

NOTES 309

MIRETZKI, M. , 2000. - Morcegos do Estado do Parana, Brasil (MammaLia, Chiroptera). Disser­taca0 de Mestrado. Urriversidade Federal do Parana, Departamento de Zoologia, Curi­tiba. 99 p.

PERACCHI . A.L. and S.T. ALBUQUERQUE, 1993. - Quiropteros do Municipio de Linhares, Estado do Espiri to Santo, Brasil (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Rev. Brasil. Biol. , 53(4): 575-58 1.

SIMMONS, N.B. and R.S. VOSS, 1998. - The mammals a f Paracou, French Guiana: a neotropical rainforest fauna, part I . Sats. BuJ[. Amer. Mm. Nal. Hist., 237: 1-1 29.

TRAJANO, E. , 1984. - Ecologia de popuJacoes de morcegos cavenicolas em uma regiao carstica do Sudeste do Brasil. Rev. bras. Zool. , 2(5) : 255-320. .

Wn..SON, D.E., 1996. - Neolropical bats: a checklist with conservatian status. Pp. 167-177, in: Neotropical biodiversity and conservation. Bel. A.C. Gibson. Mildred E. Mathias Botani­cal Garden, University of Califomia, Los Angeles, Califomia. 202 p.

An observation of Bush Dog (Speothos vellalieus) hunting behaviour

by R.B. WALLACE1, R.L.E. PAINTER1 and A. SALDANIA2

lWild/ife Conservation Society, 185th Street and Sou/hem Boulevard, Bronx, New York, 10460 U.S.A.,

Adress Correspondance to .' Robert Wallace, Wildlife Conservation Society-Madidi, CasiLla 3-35181, San Miguel. La Paz, Bo/ivia

e-ma;l: wcsmadidi@zuper.net 2Park Guard Corps, Parque Nacional Noel KempJf Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia

The bush dog (Speolhos venalic"s) is considered arare carnivore (CITES Appen­dix I) and is nOlOriously difficu11 to observe in lhe wi1d, wilh very few fIrst hand reporls of behaviour (Emmons and Feer 1990; Ginsberg and Macdonald 1990 ; Eisen­berg 1989). Bush dogs are known to occur in Amazonian tropical forests, southern Amazonian sem.i-deciduous forests, Andean foothill forests, Cerrado forest and hurnid savannas (Eisenberg 1989 ; Emmons and Feer 1990 ; Ginsberg and Macdonald 1990). Nevertheless, most observations occur in lowland Amazonian tropical fores t, often in the vicinity of water (Peres 1991; Strahl el ai. 1992; Aquino and Puertas 1997; Sil­veira el ai. 1998).

According to lhe li terature, Speothos prey on small mammals, birds and larger caviomorph rodents such as paca (Cuniculus paca) and even capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) (Deulch 1983 ; Eisenberg 1989 ; Peres 199 1 ; Strahl el aI. 1992; Aquino and Puertas 1997; Si lveira el aI. 1998). Various aulhors have reponed pack bunting by bush dogs (Dener 1986; Eisenberg 1989 ; Peres J 991) and captive sludies have sug­gested that Speothos is a social carni vore liv ing in extended family groups (Biben ·1982 ; Macdona1d 1996).

The following observation was made by A.S. during the dry season in Augusl of 1989 at « Mediomonle », which is siluated just off lhe old main road from Trinidad to

Malllll/alia, t.66, n° 2, 2002: 309-311.