3.042 Materials Project Laboratory

Project Concept and Plan

Team No-DripTania Chan

Michele Dufalla

Jacqueline Greene

According to the CDC, Center for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/about_pages/about_who.htm

•2-3 million children < 5 yrs old die of diarrhea diseases•Water sources:

•Surface water sources such as rivers or lakes   •Groundwater wells that are potentially contaminated, particularly open shallow wells   •Piped systems in which the water is inadequately treated or flow is intermittent, allowing contamination through leaks where pipes are connected   •Piped water systems in which intermittent flow requires households to store water   •Water tankers   •Water vendors whose source of water is not safe or whose tanker or storage tank is not likely to be clean

The Problem of Water Contamination

Lack of access to safe water

• Population shifts stress water & sanitation infrastructure due to natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc.

• Chlorine effectively inactivates the majority of organisms that cause diarrhea disease in humans

• Safe containers for storing water an issue; need cheaper taps to use for variety of storage canisters

CDC safe water vessel

• Produce in South Africa US $2.50

• To purchase & ship to Zambia from South Africa, costs US $5

• In India costs US$2 to produce & ship within country

• To make vessels locally, molds for vessel, spigot, & cap US $15,000

Dynamite Fast Tap Quart Bottle Spout$4.95

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0006O4YT8/ref=nosim?s=merchant&m=A1KQ8Q5LL5HU6M&v=glance&tag=nextag-toys-mp-20&camp=212325&creative=380341

Commercially Available Water Taps

Tap ‘n Glue Dispenser Cap with Spring-Loaded Stopper

$1.49

http://www.nextag.com/Tap-n-Glue-Dispenser-80480611/prices-html

Commercially Available Water Taps

Wood Tap$4.95 starting bid

http://auctions.yahoo.com/i:vintage%20all%20wood%20barrel%20tap%207%201%2F4%20inchs%20long%20W165:100136129

Commercially Available Water Taps

Spigot$4.00

http://www.baproducts.com/spigot.jpg

Commercially Available Water Taps

http://www.bio-itworld.com/images/0203_Horz_SAFEWATER_34women.jpg

Water Containers at Various Countries

http://www.bio-itworld.com/images/0203_Horz_SAFEWATER_32_R.jpg

Water Containers at Various Countries

http://www.antiques-internet.com/colorado/eronjohnsonantiques/images/IG1629-0.jpg, www.wine-making.co.za/Vessels.aspx, www.forthehorseofcourse.com/stall-stable.shtml

Water Containers at Various Countries

18 Countries in Africa

12 Countries in Asia

2 Countries in Central America

3 Countries in South America

Target Countries of Low Cost Water Taps

http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/about_pages/about_where.htm

Consideration Criteria

Low Raw Material Cost

Availability of Materials in Local Areas

Low Processing Cost

Ease of Processing

Durability

Ease of Use

Materials Consideration

Clay

Natural Materials

http://www.phildyson.com.au/Clay%20rich%20sand%20and%20gravel%2018%20-%2028%20metres.JPG

Plants Materials

Natural Materials

www.bakewell-trees.org/gallery/bark/

Animal Bones

Natural Materials

http://www.planetozkids.com/oban/animals/environment.htm

Plastics

Synthetic Recyclable Materials

http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/bags/img/garbage.jpg

http://www.hat.net/album/middle_east/004_egypt/day_44_bahariyya/033_garbage_of_plastic_bottle.jpg

Motor Oil

Synthetic Recyclable Materials

http://www.backyardmetalcastingcom

Consideration Criteria

Versatility, suitable for multiple types of water containers

Tight fit, no leakage

Durability

Ease of Usage

Tap Attachment Method

Conical Seals

Tap Attachment

http://www.vending.sk/pict_sklad/107A0101A.JPG

Threaded Screw Spigot

Tap Attachment

Tubing

Tap Attachment

www.tgiltd.com/Tube.jpg

Major Tasks

Materials Selection

-economics, availability

Materials Testing

-durability, processibility

Device Design

-versatility, user-friendliness

Device Fabrication

-feasibility, ease of use, tools needed

Designing a Low Cost Water Tap

Questions?