3.01nervous system structures · 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 23 Structures...
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3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
Transcript of 3.01nervous system structures · 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system 23 Structures...
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
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Essential Question
� What are the structures of the nervous system?
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Introduction: Structures of the nervous system
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Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cell
� Extensions of the neuron
� Dendrites - many
� Axon - one
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Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cell� Myelin sheath - a
special covering of the axon
� Synapse – the space between neurons
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Structures of the nervous system
� Central nervous system
� Brain
� Spinal cord
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Structures of the nervous system
� Peripheral nervous system
� Nerves
� Cranial nerves
� Spinal nerves
� Sensory receptors
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Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAIN
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
� Cerebrum� Divided into two
hemispheres (right and left)
� Frontal lobe
� Occipital lobe
� Parietal lobe
� Temporal lobe
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN� Diencephalon
�Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
�Structures� Thalamus
� Hypothalamus
� Pineal body
� Pituitary gland
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
� Diencephalon� Thalamus – spherical mass of gray
matter; deep in the cerebral hemispheres
� Hypothalamus – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic system
� Pineal body – endocrine system gland
� Pituitary gland – endocrine system gland
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN� Limbic system
� Located in the center of the brain
� Encircles the top of the brain stem.
� Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
� Cerebellum
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Brain stem� Midbrain
� Pons
� Medulla oblongata
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
� Meninges� Dura mater
� Outermost layer
� Arachnoid
� Middle layer
� Pia mater
� Innermost layer
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
� Ventricles - lined cavities deep within the brain
� filled with cerebrospinal fluid
�Choroid plexus – rich network of blood vessels
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Structures of the Central NS: Spinal Cord
� Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid
� Nerve = bundles of nerve fibers enclosed by connective tissue.
� Sensory (afferent)-carry impulse from sensory organ to the brain/spinal cord
� Motor (efferent)-carry impulse from brain/spinal cord to muscles or glands
� Mixed nerve contains both fibers.
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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord� Peripheral
nervous system� 12 cranial nerves
� 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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Structures of the central nervous system
� I. Olfactory--Smell� II. Optic --Vision� III. Oculomotor—Movement of eye muscle� IV. Trochlear—Movement of eye muscle� V. Trigeminal—Chewing (face/teeth muscle)� VI. Abducens—Movement of eye muscle� VII. Facial—Facial Expressions, taste� VIII. Vestibulocochlear--Hearing and Balance� IX. Glossopharyngeal—Movement of throat, taste� X. Vagus—Movement of throat affects heart, digestive� XI. Accessory—Movement of neck� XII. Hypoglossal—Movement of tongue
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Structures of the central nervous system
� Peripheral nervous system� 31 pairs of spinal
nerves
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Structures of the central nervous system
� Peripheral nervous system� 12 cranial nerves
� 31 pairs of nervous
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Structures of the central nervous system
� Motor system� Autonomic nervous system
� Sympathetic nervous system-may accelerate heart rate in response to fear
� Parasympathetic nervous system-may slow heart rate
� Both are strongly influenced by emotion and work together to balance responses .
� Somatic nervous system
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Structures of the central nervous system Autonomic nervous system
� Sympathetic nervous system� Extends from the base
of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column
� These nerves connect to all internal organs
� Parasympathetic nervous system� The vagus nerve
connects the medulla with organs of the upper body
� The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body
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Structures of the central nervous system Somatic nervous system
� These nerves are located along the spinal cord.
� Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.
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Structures of the central nervous system
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Structures of the nervous system
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Essential question
� What are the structures of the nervous system?
