30 Year Global Surface Water Change: Implications for...
Transcript of 30 Year Global Surface Water Change: Implications for...
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30 year global surface water change: Implications for aquatic diversity
Kalacska M., Lucanus O., Arroyo-Mora J.P.
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Context• Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened on Earth
• Freshwater fish comprise one-fourth of living vertebrates (> 15,000 species)
• ~200 new species are still being described every year
• BUT information about their populations, conservation status and response to climate/human-induced change acutely incomplete and inaccurate
• Major systematic drivers of aquatic species loss include land cover and land use change (LUCC), overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change (micro habitats)*
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Remote sensing can provide an unbiased historical assessment of habitat change, current estimates of habitat extent and diversity – and
be a monitoring tool
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A Straightforward Question…(?)
• How much habitat loss or gain has there been over time for freshwater fish habitats?– Need to know: distribution of species and changes in
extent of surface water– Databases/catalogues of fish species fairly well up to
date (Fishbase, Catalogue of Fishes)• Geolocation and ranges imprecise/unknown for many
species
– In January 2016, no fine-scale multi-temporal, global scale dataset of surface water extent was available
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• Focus on the Family Cichlidae• 1693 described species as of May 2017, with many new species yet to be
described
• Cichlids are distributed exclusively in tropical fresh water
• Have colonized most major bodies of water, and share these habitats with a great diversity of other aquatic species
• Many have limited ranges and high levels of specialization and/or endemism• Good indicators for overall aquatic habitat degradation from LUCC and
climate change
• Solution -> Assign all 1693 described species to freshwater ecoregion
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Global Alpha Diversity of Cichlids
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Network Analysis of Species Similarity per FWER
Which of these FWER are the most diverse? Which are the most threatened? Which have the highest level of endemism?
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How much surface water is there?
How much has it changed over time?
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Global Datasets
None have an adequate temporal and/or spatial resolution.
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Landsat Collections
• Objective was to create multi-temporal global surface water layers
• 148 Ecoregions with cichlids– Avg: 61 images/region OLI = 9028– Avg: 66 images/region ETM = 9768– Avg: 34 images/region TM = 5032– Total: 23,828 images
• 426 Ecoregions total– OLI: 25,986 images– ETM: 28,116 images– TM: 14,484 images– Total: 68,586
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Example from the Amazon River
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Surface Water
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50,000 km2 Area including the Ucayali and Napo Rivers in Peru
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Conservation Case Study - Madagascar
94 endemic species
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Comparison between different datasets
Very large discrepancies!
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Endemic Fish Distribution
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Results
• Critically endangered species found in 21% of Madagascar’s surface water (0.35% protected)
• Endangered species found in 18% of Madagascar’s surface water (2.5% protected)
• Endemic species found in 60% of Madagascar’s surface water
• Decrease in habitat of endemic, endangered, critically endangered species
• Negligible protection for freshwater habitats
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Conclusions
• Surface water data readily extractable from remotely sensed imagery
• Yearly assessments allow for visualizing inter-annual patterns
• Historical imagery provides long-term trends• Accurate habitat extent is critically important
for conservation