30 DISTRIBUTIVES

8/18/2019 30 DISTRIBUTIVES

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Lesson ID: #0406 page

lesson description

You will be able to correctly employ

distributives, identify parts of the body

and illnesses, and use the past progres-

sive form of the verbs “fall,” “hurt,” “break

“worry,” “sneeze,” “cough,” and “recover.”

Every partof my body

hurts right

now.

objectives

• Discuss injuries and illness

• Recognize modals and form

negative modals

• Practice the past progressive

verb tense


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key phrases

My legs and arms hurt.

You will recover in no time.

Can you bend your arm/leg?

I feel sick.

I have a cold.

Go to the doctor.

Make a doctor’s appointment.I didn’t break any bones!

Inhale.

Exhale.

to break

They break

They broke They will break

They are breaking

They were breaking

to worry

She worries

She worried

She will worry

She is worrying

She was worrying

to fall

you fall

you fell

you will fall

you are falling

you were falling

to sneeze

he sneezes

he sneezed

he will sneeze

he is sneezing

he was sneezing

to worry

she worries

she worriedshe will worry

she is worrying

she was worrying

to break

they break

they broke

they will break

they are breaking

they were breaking

to hurt

we hurt

we hurt

we will hurt

we are hurting

we were hurting

to cough

they cough

they coughedthey will cough

they are coughing

they were coughing

to recover

I recover

I recovered

I will recover

I are recovering

I were recovering

your turn

Fill in each blank with the correct tense form of the verb in parentheses.

For example:

She went to the doctor yesterday. She will recover soon. (recover)

Be careful! You will get ________ if you ______ down. (hurt, fall)1.

How are you ________? (feel)2.

If you rest, your body will ________. (recover)3.

Don’t ________. You will get well soon. (worry)4.

You should cover your mouth if you are ________ and ________. (sneeze, cough)5.

She ________ her leg when she fell out of the tree. (break)6.

We ________ until we saw the doctor. (cough)7.

Your knee ________ for 15 minutes. (hurt)8.

We almost ________ in the parking lot. (fall)9.

The doctor said that I was ________ quickly. (recover)10.

verbs

q Infinitive

qPresent Tense

qSimple Past Tense

qFuture Tense

qPresent Progressive

qPast Progressive


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distributives

Distributives are used to talk about a group of people/things or individual members of a group.

all, both, half, + OF: Of must be added when followed by a pronoun. Example: all of you, both of us, half of them, none of it.

all everything; everyone (the whole number of) All (of) the people in the room were silent.

both two of something (two together) Both children were born in Italy.

half one whole equally divided by two (a part of a pair) You can have half (of) the cake.

none not any; no part None of the students passed the test.

These distributives are usually used with singular nouns, and are placed before the noun:

each a way of seeing the members of a group as indi-

viduals (an individual)

Each child in the room received a present.

every a way of seeing a group as a series of members (all

inclusive)

Every child in the world deserves affection.

either

and

neither

makes a distinction between two things or groups

two things together; either is positive, neither is

negative

I can stay at either hotel; they are both good.

Neither chair is good; they’re both too small.

conversation

Read the following conversation

out loud five times.

Cindy: Brain, throat, lungs, heart, liver,

stomach, intestines, kidneys, muscle,

bone, skull, skin.

Todd: Cindy.Cindy: What?

Todd: Cindy, inhale. Exhale. Okay. Now,

what are you doing?

Cindy: I found this poster Alexis had with

her books and I wanted to learn

everything.

Todd: That’s great that you want to keep

learning new things, but maybe you

should repeat what you do know

a little bit more, too. The more yourepeat what you know, the easier it is

to remember.

Cindy: Oh. That’s smart. Okay.

Bonus Feature: Watch the English Highway video to follow along! (Lesson ID: #0346)


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your turn

Fill in each blank with the correct distributive from the word

bank. Some words will be used more than once.

every half

either each

all both

neither none

I woke up with a stomachache (1) ____________ morning this

week. My mom said that I shouldn’t worry until I went to see the

doctor. After the doctor told me what was wrong, my mom and

the doctor (2) ____________ agreed that I should stay in bed

for three and a (3) ____________ days. The nurse gave me the

option of taking (4) ____________ pills or liquid medicine (5)

____________ day for a total of five days. I didn’t like

(6) ____________ option, but chose the liquid medicine. After I

took (7) ____________ the medicine, I felt a lot better. I told my

mom that I didn’t want to take any medicine again and that

(8) ____________ option was good. She laughed and I went back

to playing outside (9) ____________ day after school.

Fortunately, (10) ____________ of my friends got sick.

more modals

could

might

shouldshall

will

would

ought to

See Lesson 17 for

more modals.

no “s” endings

Modal verbs do

not take “-s” in the

third person.

• Cindy can do it.

• He must talk to

her.

negative

modals

Add the word

“not” to makemodal verbs

negative.

• I can not eat.

• I can’t eat.

no past or future

Most modal verbs can NOT be used in past or future tenses.

INCORRECT: Cindy will can can cook a good dinner.

INCORRECT: Mack musted must talk to her.

can vs. may

In informal conversation “can” sometimes is used instead of

“may” in asking or giving permission.

modal verbs, part I

There are several modal verbs. Three of the main ones are:

• can (ability: to be able to)

• must/have to* (advice/instruction)

• may (permission: to be allowed to)

Rules for Modals:

Modals are1. always accompanied by other verbs.

Modals are2. never conjugated.

Modals are3. often followed by the simple present tense form

the main verb.

1. May I go to the beach?

2. You have to clean your room before you can go to the beac

3. We can go to the beach after I clean my room.

*Note that “have to” isn’t a true modal. It conjugates and

requires “do” for questions and negatives. We use it as the past

tense of “must.”


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your turn

Answer the following questions about modals.

1. When do we use “can”?

2. When do we use “must/have to”?

3. When do we use “may”?

4. What are the three rules for using modals?

putting it all together…

Use your own information or your imagination to complete these sentences.

For example:When I am sick, I have to eat soup and watch a lot of TV.

When I am sick, I have to ______________________________________ .1.

Every __________ (season), I get a sore throat and may be in pain for ______________________2.

(how long?) .

I ate a lot of cake for my birthday. Now both my ____________ and my __________ hurt a lot!3.

When I was a kid, my mom said I must ____________________________________ .4.

When I am sick, I may not ______________________________________ .5.

When I have a headache, I can ______________________________________ .6.

Each _________ (day of the week), I have to _________________________________ .7.

When my eyes burn, I must ______________________________________ .8.

When my brain is tired, I can not ____________________________________ .9.

Neither my ___________ or __________ ever hurts. I _______ (modal) be a superhero!10.


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your turn - exercise 1

1. hurt, fall2. feeling

3. recover

4. worry

5. sneezing, coughing

6. broke

7. coughed/were coughing

8. hurt/was hurting

9. fell

10. recovering

answer key


1. every2. both

3. half

4. either

5. every/each

6. either

7. all

8. neither

9. each/every

10. none


1. ability: to be able to; informally: permission

2. advice/instruction

3. permission: to be allowed to

4. a. Modals are always accompanied by other verbs.

b. Modals are never conjugated.

c. Modals are often followed by the simple form

of the verb (without “to”).

putting it all together - exercise 4

Students will complete the sentences based on their own

information.

30 DISTRIBUTIVES

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