3 Revolutions Industrial Communication Transportation.
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Transcript of 3 Revolutions Industrial Communication Transportation.
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3 Revolutions Industrial Communication Transportation
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Industrial Began in England in 1700s Smuggled into America
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Market Revolution
Economic
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Assembly Line Mass Production = jobs, cheaper
items Shift from Artisans to workers on
lines
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Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts changes gun
making into a mass production in a factory
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Interchangeable parts Impersonal, unskilled labor Complete one task Sell Nationwide or Abroad
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Cotton Gin
How did this change the economy?
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Corporations develop
Issue Stock= Raise Capital Limited Liability Economies of Scale
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Industrialization begins in The Northeast By Water for power
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Samuel Slater of Rhode Island Sneaks design of water frame out
of England The machine spins cloth in 1789
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Francis Lowell 1814
Opens mills in Massachusetts
Mass production of cotton cloth
1000’s of workers Women and children
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Lowell Mills : Massac. Low wages Low skills New Opportunities
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Advertising Tony the Tiger
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Farming Changes too
Reaper Harvester: plows Buy some household needs
now
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Urban Development
Immigrants
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Cities Grow 1820 only 2 cities are more than
100,000 By 1860 , 8 are there
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Cities 1820 population - 1860 N.Y. = 123,705 813,669 Phil. = 63,802 565,529 Brooklyn = 7,175 266,661 Baltimore = 62,738 212,418 Boston = 43,298 177,840 New Orleans = 27,176 168,675
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The Spirit of Reform 1828- 1845
Jacksonian America
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II. CommunicationRevolution
Samuel Morse = Telegraph Morse Code
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Journalist use it to share news
Associated Press = 1848 when they pool resources to collect and report news
50,000 nukes if telegraph wire connected the country
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Read all about it!
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III. Transportation Revolution Faster, Cheaper
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Canals:
Erie Canal connects the Hudson River Valley to NYC
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New York becomes a Major port
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City population explodes
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Canals are expensive but
Profitable
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Speed increases
1815 Cincinnati to NYC = 50 days
1850 steamboat = 28 days
1850 canal = 18 days 1850 railroad = 6 – 8 days
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Weather Dependent Ice, drought ………….. Stuck
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None in the South Rivers are important here
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Steamboats
Can travel up and down Mississippi River
Cheap to build Robert Fulton
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Can carry large loads Cotton
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Life expectancy is 5 years
Explosions
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National Road Expensive Difficult to Built Hard to Maintain
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Railroads are cheap, fast Carry alot
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Is not weather dependent I think I can……
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First Corporations Money becomes important North and North West link South links to England
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Major Change in America Travel Move Economics
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Andrew Jackson
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The Hermitage
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Old Hickory
King Andrew?
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A new era in politics
Elimination of property ownership to vote
More urban voters, without property
They like Andy Jackson
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Brilliant Lawyer - Dueler Bigamist 1st President to ride train
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Spoils System
C. is the practice of appointing people to govt. jobs because of loyalty to the party or candidate.
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Actions D. = Caucus System
congressional party members would choose the nominee
E. Jackson Supporters replace this with National Nominating Convention.
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From which group did Andrew Jackson gather most of his support?
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The common folks Democrats
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The Nullification Crisis
States can override the authority of the Federal
Government
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A. Tariff of Abominations
S.C. threatens to secede, withdraw from the nation
John. C. Calhoun, V.P. proposed nullification. Since the states had created the nation, they had the right to declare a federal law null = not valid
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Famous Debate
Webster vs. Hayne
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Force Bill authorizing the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress
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Policy toward Native Americans
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Indian Policy
A. Indian Removal Act B. Worcester vs. Georgia –
ruled for the Cherokee – Jackson refused to support this decision
C. Trail of Tears
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Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act of 1830, which
mandated the removal of all American Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West.
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16,000 men, women, and children
made the sorrowful journey
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Trail of Tears
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Oklahoma- 1000’s Die
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Jackson battles the Bank!!
2nd BUS Vetoed a bill to extend the
charter & removes Govt. $$
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Veto Power
Dissolve Cabinets Dissolved BUS Trial Of Tears
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King Andrew
Powerful Dominating Veto Power Used
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The Whig party ran,
for some years, mostly in strong second place to the Democrats. They elected William Henry Harrison, in the famous "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" campaign of nonsense
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A New Party Emerges
WhigsExpand National Govt. & Commercial Growth
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The Little Magician Wins Martin Van Buren
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Panic of 1837 Economic Issues from “Pet Banks”
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William Henry Harrison He should have worn a hat!
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Harrison talks and talks……
Inauguration is long, cold, wet.
Harrison dies 32 days later Tyler succeeded Presidency
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Tyler’s Surprise
He sided with the Democrats against Whigs.
Faced Foreign Affairs Established a firm boundary
between the U.S. and Canada
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What issue helped the Whig’s win the Presidency of 1840?
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A New Wave of Immigrants
Pages 273 – 275
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Massive Influx of immigrants Religious & Political Reasons 2 million come from Ireland Famine Settled in the N.E. Unskilled Laborers
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Germans= 2nd largest group
Midwest Started farms & Businesses German Newspapers &
Schools
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Nativism = Hostility toward Foreigners
Know- Nothings = American Party = Secret Party
“I know nothing”
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How did many Americans react to the influx of immigrants?
Well,,,,,,,,,
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II. A Religious Revival
Page 275 – 276
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2nd Great Awakening
All people could attain grace by readmitting God into their lives.
Charles Grandison Finney Young
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Joseph Smith Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter- Day Saints, Mormons – Brigham
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What religious Groups emerged during the 2nd Great Awakening??
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Unitarians, Shakers, Mormons, Univeralists
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III. A Literary Renaissance
Romanticism Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau
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American Writers
James Fenimore Cooper Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Edgar Allan Poe Emily Dickinson
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Newspapers & Magazines
Harper’s Weekly Transportation gets the
news out faster
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Utopian Societies
Brook Farm Oneida Shakers
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The Reform Spirit
Pages 278 - 281
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Reform = Change / Fix
A. Dorothea Dix – Mentally Ill
B. Temperance Penitentiaries
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Horace Mann = Education
Education for Women= Emma Willard, Mary Lyon
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II. The Early Women’s Movement
Pages 281 – 282
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Advances
Women’s Sphere Improve Society Equal Rights
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Seneca Falls Convention by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth
Cady Stanton
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July 1848 more than 300 men and women assembled in
Seneca Falls, New York, for the nation's first women's rights convention.
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A first step for Women’s Rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: a “caged lioness”
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I. Opposition to Slavery
Pages 284- 285
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Opposition
A. Gradualism B. American Colonization
Society Colonization is unrealistic
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II. The New abolitionists
William Lloyd Garrison founded the Liberator, an antislavery newspaper that advocated emancipation, or the freeing of all enslaved people..
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American Antislavery Society in 1833 He Founded it.
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Others
Fredrick Douglass Sojourner Truth
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III. The Response to Abolitionism A. Many Northerners opposed
extreme abolitionism. Feared a conflict between
North & South Feared abolitionism would hurt
the Southern economy, then their economy
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Southern Views
Slavery is a “necessary evil”
A “Peculiar Institution” Essential to the economy Slaves treated better than
freed blacks in the North
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Nat Turner
Led a slave revolt that killed more than 50 Virginians.
Liberator is illegal in the South.
Abolitionist petitions are shelved in Congress.
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Why did S.C. threaten to secede in the early 1800’s?