3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico
-
Upload
carlos-cuello -
Category
Documents
-
view
946 -
download
2
Transcript of 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico
![Page 1: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Centro deMedicina Basada en EvidenciaRed Cochrane Iberoamericana
TECNOLÓGICO DE MONTERREY®
Redes sociales en la cienciaMedicina 2.0
![Page 2: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Web 2.0
![Page 3: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Comunicación era bidireccional
![Page 6: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
O unidireccional hacia las masas...
![Page 7: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
27 de Abril, 2009. México D.F.
![Page 11: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
!
![Page 17: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
!
![Page 18: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
¿Por qué?
![Page 21: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cognitive Surplus
![Page 22: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
FINES 7
Figure 1.—Average number of late-coming parents, per week
Figure 2.—Median value of delay for the test (dark line) and the control (light line)groups. The diamonds and the crosses indicate the extreme values for the test and the controlgroups, respectively.
from the first six day-care centers (those with the fine) who came late perweek was compared with the corresponding average from the four centersof the control group. Figure 1 indicates the rather dramatic impact of thefine.To strengthen this observation, the medians of the two groups as well as
the extreme values (minimum and maximum) of delay were compared (seeFigure 2).In the test group the number of occurrences of delay increased steadily
in the first 3–4 weeks after the introduction of the fine. The rate finally set-tled, at a level that was higher, and almost twice as large as the initial one.
Gneezy and Rustichini. A Fine is a Price. Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, January 2000.
![Page 23: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Internet 1.0 = comercio digital
• Internet 2.0 = relaciones interpersonales en las nubes, compartir información.
Internet 2.0
![Page 24: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
EMPODERAMIENTO DEL PACIENTE
![Page 25: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
El paciente 2.0e-patient
![Page 26: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
El paciente 2.0e-patient
• Equipped - dotados de equipo y habilidades para obtener información y tomar decisiones sobre su propia condición clínica
• Enabled - capacitado para tomar decisiones sobre su propio cuidado y las mismas son consideradas y respetadas
• Empowered - empoderado
• Engaged - enganchado, comprometido con su propio cuidado
• Equals - equidad en cuanto a su asociación con los varios médicos que le atienden (somos iguales, ambos tenemos derechos y obligaciones)
• Emancipated - emancipado, libre de hacer sus propias decisiones independientes si así lo requiere.
• Expert - sabe mucho
![Page 27: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cada día son más
![Page 28: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
REDES SOCIALES¿QUÉ OPCIONES TENEMOS?
B) “Es una oportunidad que puedo aprovechar”A) “Es una amenaza”
¿qué hacer?
LA IGNORO
APRENDO A USARLA
LA ENFRENTO
![Page 29: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Una cosa es
cierta... no va a desaparecer
![Page 30: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Años para alcanzar 50 millones de usuarios 38 años
![Page 31: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Años para alcanzar 50 millones de usuarios 13 años
![Page 32: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Años para alcanzar 50 millones de usuarios 7 años
![Page 33: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Años para alcanzar 450 millones de usuarios 5 años
![Page 34: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Redes sociales tumbaron a la pornografía como la actividad #1 en la web
![Page 35: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Si facebook fuese un país
Sería el tercer más poblado
![Page 36: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1 de cada 5 parejas se conocieron en redes sociales
![Page 37: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1 de cada 5 parejas se conocieron en redes sociales
En 1 de cada 5 divorcios se menciona la palabra Facebook
![Page 38: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Google indexa el equivalente a la librería del congreso de los EEUU
cada 4 horas...
![Page 39: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
es el 2o. motor de búsqueda más usado
![Page 40: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Se cargan 7 horas de vídeo
cada minuto
![Page 41: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
llevaría 1000 años verlo TODO
![Page 42: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
60 millones de usuarios y contando
80% de las compañías
internacionales contratan
apoyándose en linkedin
![Page 43: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Si Wikipedia fuese en papel...
![Page 44: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
2.25millones de páginas
123 años para leer TODO
![Page 45: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
22,734,740 usuarios en México
20% de penetrancia
![Page 46: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
4,103,200 usuarios en TwitterFuente: mentedigital.com
13% de penetrancia
![Page 47: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
¿De qué le puede servir a un médico?
![Page 48: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
¿De qué le puede servir a un científico?
![Page 49: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
TECNOLOGÍAS DE INFORMACIÓN - CLÍNICO
¿por qué deben conectarse?
![Page 50: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Posición para
dormir
• Recomendaciones
![Page 51: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Edición 1958
• “Si-un-lactante-vomita,-es-probable-que-se-ahog9e-con-su-
propio-vómito...”
• Todos-los-padres-y-casi-todos-los-profesionales-de-la-salud-
aceptaban-esto-como-un-hecho-ir@ef9table.
![Page 52: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Gilbert R. et al. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34(4):874-87
Evidencia de daño ya existía
Primeras recomendaciones en la Academia Americana de Pediatría
![Page 53: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Gilbert R. et al. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34(4):874-87
Textos decían...Boca abajo Lado Boca arriba
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫ ⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫
⚫
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫
⚫⚫⚫ ⚫⚫ ⚫⚫⚫
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫ ⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫ ⚫⚫⚫⚫
⚫ ⚫
⚫⚫ ⚫
⚫ ⚫⚫
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫
⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫⚫
⚫⚫⚫⚫
![Page 54: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
De haber hecho una revisión
sistemática de la evidencia en
1970. . .
![Page 55: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
...se hubiesen prevenido 10 000 muertes de lactantes en el Reino Unido
y al menos 50 000 en Europa, EEUU y Australasia
![Page 56: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
4 7
10
316 1783 2544
0.5 1.0 2.0
Favors Tx Favors Ctrl
1 23
2 65 3 143
11 2651 15 3311 17 3929 22 5452 23 5767
27 6125 30 6346 33 6571 43 21059 54 22051 65 47185 67 47531 67 48154
p < 0.01
p < 0.001
p < 0.0001
215
1 101 22 8
78
1 121 8 41 7 3
5 2 2 115 8 66 1
Expe
rim
enta
l
No
men
cion
ado
Rar
o / n
ada
Espe
cífic
o
Rut
ina
Terapia trombolítica para infarto al miocardio
Odds ratio
Favorece Tx Favorece Ctl
Adaptado de Antman et al. JAMA 1992
Libros de texto lo mencionaban como...
![Page 57: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Otros ejemplos
• Aceite-hirBiendo-para-heridas-de-g9er@a
• Sang9ijuelas-y-sang@ías
• Insulina-para-la-esquizoGenia
• Vitamina-K-para-infarJo-al-miocardio
![Page 58: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
• “Una-g@an-crítica-a-nuest@a-profesión-es-que-
no-tengamos-sumarios-clínicos-que-
aparezcan-y-se-act9alicen-de-manera-
periódica,-organizados-por-especialidad-o-
subLespecialidad,-de-todos-los-ensayos-
clínicos-que-al-momento-existen.”
Archie Cochrane, 1979
![Page 59: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Fuga del conocimiento
![Page 60: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Transferencia del conocimiento
![Page 61: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Transferencia del conocimiento
• Proceso-dinámico-e-iterativo-
• Incluye-síntesis,-diseminación,-
intercambio-y-aplicación-ética-
del-conocimiento
• Busca-mejorar-la-salud-de-la-
población-y-proveer-de-
productos-y-serBicios-más-
efectivosCanadian Institutes of Health Research
![Page 62: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Investigación
Evidencia
Pacientes
Clínicos
Gestores en salud
![Page 63: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
¿Cómo se puede lograr?
![Page 64: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Habilidades de MBE
Aplicarla al lado del paciente
Mejora continua de la calidad de la atención
Ayudar, educar e incluir al paciente en la toma
de decisiones
![Page 65: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
La práctica basada en evidencia
P - preguntar
I - indagar, buscar
L - lectura crítica
A - aplicar
R - revisar/repasar el proceso
![Page 66: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Existe sobrecarga de información
![Page 67: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
INFORMACIÓN
¿Cuánta existe?
![Page 68: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
¿La verdad..?MUCHA
• En-Medline-se-ag@egan-cada-
semana:
• 12,000-arJículos-
biomédicos-nuevos
• 300-reporJes-de-ensayos-
clínicos-aleatorios
![Page 69: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
No hay tiempo de estar al día en todo
![Page 70: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
tan solo en medline
•Se han publicado 20;916,353 records desde su inicio
•En los últimos 365 días se publicaron 896,543 records
![Page 71: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Ensayos clínicos publicados
![Page 72: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Revisiones sistemáticas publicadas
![Page 73: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Y lo triste...
![Page 74: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
75 ensayos clínicos &11 revisiones sistemáticas
![Page 75: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
el motor de búsqueda
Será tan importante para el clínico como suestetoscopio
Paul Glasziou
![Page 76: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Información
PUSH
PULL
![Page 77: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Knowledge is power
France is bacon
![Page 78: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Redes sociales
![Page 79: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
¿De qué le puede servir a un investigador?
![Page 80: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Assessing Vaccination Sentiments with Online SocialMedia: Implications for Infectious Disease Dynamics andControlMarcel Salathe*, Shashank Khandelwal
Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Abstract
There is great interest in the dynamics of health behaviors in social networks and how they affect collective public healthoutcomes, but measuring population health behaviors over time and space requires substantial resources. Here, we usepublicly available data from 101,853 users of online social media collected over a time period of almost six months tomeasure the spatio-temporal sentiment towards a new vaccine. We validated our approach by identifying a strongcorrelation between sentiments expressed online and CDC-estimated vaccination rates by region. Analysis of the network ofopinionated users showed that information flows more often between users who share the same sentiments - and lessoften between users who do not share the same sentiments - than expected by chance alone. We also found that mostcommunities are dominated by either positive or negative sentiments towards the novel vaccine. Simulations of infectiousdisease transmission show that if clusters of negative vaccine sentiments lead to clusters of unprotected individuals, thelikelihood of disease outbreaks is greatly increased. Online social media provide unprecedented access to data allowing forinexpensive and efficient tools to identify target areas for intervention efforts and to evaluate their effectiveness.
Citation: Salathe M, Khandelwal S (2011) Assessing Vaccination Sentiments with Online Social Media: Implications for Infectious Disease Dynamics andControl. PLoS Comput Biol 7(10): e1002199. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002199
Editor: Lauren Ancel Meyers, University of Texas at Austin, United States of America
Received May 10, 2011; Accepted July 30, 2011; Published October 13, 2011
Copyright: ! 2011 Salathe, Khandelwal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permitsunrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: MS acknowledges funding from Society in Science: the Branco Weiss fellowship. http://www.society-in-science.org/. The funders had no role in studydesign, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
* E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases are a major publichealth issue. Outbreaks are more likely to occur if either overallvaccination rates decline [1], or if communities with very lowvaccination rates increase in frequency or size [2,3]. As individualhealth behaviors appear to be modulated by social networks [4,5],there is great interest in the dynamics of health behaviors in socialnetworks [6]. Furthermore, measuring health behaviors - such asvaccination - in populations over time and space is essential toidentify target areas for interventions and evaluate their effective-ness, but it is generally labor-intensive and expensive when basedon traditional survey methodologies [7]. The rise of online socialmedia in the past few years has created new possibilities ofmeasuring health behavior. Such services are used by hundreds ofmillions of people who are publicly sharing various aspects abouttheir daily lives, including those related to health behavior[8,9].Using such data to gauge health behaviors in populationsrepresents a fundamental shift in measurement methodologybecause the study population is not responding to a survey, butrather shares data in a survey-free context, often in real time.
The power of using web data to track events in real time in thecontext of public health has recently been demonstrated forinfluenza surveillance [10,11], but assessing health behavior has sofar remained elusive. Here, we used publicly available short textmessages collected from an online social service (Twitter) fromAugust 2009 to January 2010 in the United States. During this
time, pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was spreading nationwide buta vaccine became widely available only very late in the year. Wecollected practically all publicly available text messages on Twitter(so called ‘‘tweets’’) containing English keywords relating tovaccination as well as location information provided by theauthors of text messages (if available). We also collectedinformation on who followed whom among the authors, whichallowed us to recreate a directed network of information flow. Asubset of the collected tweets was manually evaluated as expressinga negative, positive or neutral sentiment towards influenzaA(H1N1) vaccination. We then trained a machine learningalgorithm on the manually rated tweets, and then used theresulting classifier to automatically predict sentiments for theremaining unrated text messages. The fully classified data setallowed us to calculate a temporal, localized influenza A(H1N1)vaccination sentiment score and to generate a network ofinformation flow which allowed us to study its properties withrespect to the distribution of sentiments. Finally, by extrapolatingthe findings to empirical contact networks relevant for infectiousdisease spread, we investigate the effect of non-random vaccina-tion distributions on the likelihood of disease outbreaks.
Results
Overall, of the 477,768 collected tweets, 318,379 were classifiedas relevant to the influenza A(H1N1) vaccine. Of those, 255,828were classified as neutral, 26,667 as negative, and 35,884 as positive.
PLoS Computational Biology | www.ploscompbiol.org 1 October 2011 | Volume 7 | Issue 10 | e1002199
![Page 81: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Foursquare
Quora
YouTube
Blogger
“Necesito orinar”
“Ya oriné”
“Aquí oriné”
“¿Por qué necesito orinar?”
“Chequen mi video de como oriné”
“Tengo un doctorado en orinar”
“Orino, por lo tanto, existo”
![Page 85: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
El investigador clínico 2.0
e-investigador
• Equipped - equipados con el hardware y las habilidades para asimilar, manejar y compartir su propia información
• Enabled - capacitado para tomar decisiones sobre qué y cómo darle uso a la información que genera, asimila y comparte
• Empowered - empoderado de calificar investigación ya publicada así como la propia
![Page 86: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
El investigador clínico 2.0
e-investigador
• Engaged - enganchado, comprometido con su trabajo y su diseminación
• Equals - equidad con los demás investigadores, nacionales e internacionales
• Expert (?) - sabe de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC)
![Page 87: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Redes sociales para investigadores
•Algunos ejemplos
•En orden de mayor a menor preferencia (personal, claro)
![Page 88: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Top 10 “do´s”• Escucha
• Comenta
• Colabora
• Respeta
• ComparJe-la-riqueza
• Felicita
• Ag@ega-valor
• Sé-social
• Sé-real
• Sé-t[-mismo
![Page 91: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Top 10 “dont´s”• Spam
• Anónimo
• Negativo
• Poco-profesional
• Grosero
• Impr9dente
• Intolerante
• Crítico-malo
• No-tomas-en-cuenta-a-
t9-empleador
• Tuitear-bor@acho
• Manejar-y-t9itear
![Page 92: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
![Page 97: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
![Page 98: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
![Page 100: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Redes sociales + editores de referencias bibliográficas
![Page 101: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Profesionalismo en línea
![Page 104: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
• Separa-lo-personal-de-lo-profesional-(usa-dos-cuentas-o-usa-filt@os)-
• Usa-t9-nombre-real-y-descríbete-
• Usa-un-avatar-—y-adecuado-
• Piensa-antes-de-escribir-(recuerda:-estás-en-público-y-en-vivo)
• Si-vas-a-discutir-un-paciente,-ponte-en-su-lugar-imaginando-que-
escuchas-/-lees-todo
Consejos —reglas de etiqueta en la web
![Page 105: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
• Sig9e-la-regla-del-ascensor
• Nunca-comparJas-infordación-confidencial-de-pacientes-(aunque-
sea-anónima)
• Si-etiquetas-(“tagg9eas”)-gente-en-fotos,-hazlo-lo-menos-posible-y-
solo-a-quién-conozcas
Consejos —reglas de etiqueta en la web
![Page 106: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Consejos —reglas de etiqueta en la web
• NO-ESCRIBAS-EN-MAYÚSCULAS-—ES-EL-EQUIVALENTE-A-ESTAR-
GRITANDO
• No-mandes-cadenas,-menos-si-no-conoces-al-destinatario
• No-mandes-aplicaciones-o-juegos-que-ni-siquiera-has-intentado-jugar
• Al-debatir,-dirige-el-debate-a-las-ideas-y-arg9mentos,-NO-a-las-personas.
• Al-recibir-sé-liberal,-al-dar-sé-conserBador
![Page 107: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Lo ya filtrado
• Evidence Updates
![Page 108: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
• Primero filtran por calidad / validez de la evidencia
Evidence Updates
50,000 artículos/año de 120 journals
~2,500 artículos/año cumplen con criterios (95% noise reduction)
Journals basados en evidencia
Filtros de crítica de literatura
![Page 109: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Evidence Updates
• Después dejan lo relevante para cada especialidad
~2,500 artículos/año cumplen criterios de evaluación y contenido (95% noise reduction)
Filtro MORE hoy BMJ Updates
~25 artículos/año para los clínicos (99.95% noise reduction)
>1800 clínicos alrededor del mundo
![Page 110: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
¿Cómo funciona?
• Primero me recuerdan en mi mail que tengo pendiente un artículo…
• Decido entrar...
![Page 111: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
![Page 113: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
http://plus.mcmaster.ca/EvidenceUpdates/
![Page 116: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
PUSH
Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2008
![Page 117: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
PUSH
Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2008
![Page 118: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
PUSH
Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulized hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2008
![Page 119: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
blog
![Page 120: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Beneficios de las redes sociales
• Puedes guiar a pacientes o pares a encontrar información válida en internet
• Puedes crear grupos de discusión (siempre cerrados) entre médicos, científicos o entre pacientes si es factible.
• Puedes usar las redes sociales como filtro de información válida y relevante al seguir a gente interesante
• Puedes diseminar información profesional a compañeros y alumnos
• Puedes darte a conocer como experto en tu área al conectarlo con un blog
![Page 121: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
¡Debemos tener voz también!
![Page 122: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
¡Debemos tener voz también!
![Page 123: 3 Redes sociales y el investigador clínico](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062707/55842a68d8b42ac0658b4c08/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Gracias@CharlieNeck
cmbe.netsinestetoscopio.com