3 RajivGauba Rivers

7/27/2019 3 RajivGauba Rivers

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NATIONAL RIVERNATIONAL RIVER

CONSERVATION PLANCONSERVATION PLAN

Ministry of Environment & ForestsMarch 15, 2010


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45,000 km of riverine length45,000 km of riverine length

12 major river basins, 4612 major river basins, 46medium river basins, 14 minormedium river basins, 14 minor

and desert river basinsand desert river basins

Ganga Basin: largest, lies inGanga Basin: largest, lies in11 States11 States

Lifeline of the peopleLifeline of the people

Closely linked with cultureClosely linked with cultureand traditionand tradition

Rivers in IndiaRivers in India


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Main Water Quality ThreatsMain Water Quality Threats

Water ScarcityWater Scarcity Distribution of rainfallDistribution of rainfall

OverOver--exploitation of water resourcesexploitation of water resources

Pathogenic PollutionPathogenic Pollution

Oxygen depletionOxygen depletion

SalinitySalinity

ToxicityToxicity


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Major Cause for Water Quality DegradationMajor Cause for Water Quality Degradation

Point Sources of PollutionPoint Sources of Pollutionll Domestic WastewaterDomestic Wastewater

ll Industrial WastewaterIndustrial Wastewater

NonNon--Point Sources of PollutionPoint Sources of Pollutionll Rural and Slum Population, open defecation, garbage etcRural and Slum Population, open defecation, garbage etc

ll Agricultural RunAgricultural Run--offoff

ll HalfHalf--burnt bodiesburnt bodies

ll Storm waterStorm water

ll Cattle wallowingCattle wallowing

ll Deposition of Air pollutantsDeposition of Air pollutants


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Main Sources of PollutionMain Sources of Pollution

DISPOSAL

OF DEAD

BODIES &

ANIMAL

CARCASSES

OPEN

DEFECATION

&

CATTLE

WALLOWING

RUNOFF

FROM SOLID &

MEDICAL

WASTES &

AGRICULTRAL

FIELDS

NONNON

POINTPOINT

SOURCESSOURCES

30%

MUNICIPAL SEWAGEMUNICIPAL SEWAGE

INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL

POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

70%

POINT SOURCESPOINT SOURCES


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Magnitude of the ProblemMagnitude of the Problem

Around 33,000 mld domestic wastewaterAround 33,000 mld domestic wastewatergenerated from class I & II townsgenerated from class I & II towns

Generation of sewage increasing rapidly withGeneration of sewage increasing rapidly with

growth in urban populationgrowth in urban population

Sewage treatment capacity of only 7000 mldSewage treatment capacity of only 7000 mldexists, of which 4000 mld created under NRCPexists, of which 4000 mld created under NRCP

Present sanctioned schemes of NRCP wouldPresent sanctioned schemes of NRCP wouldadd 2000 mld leaving a very large gapadd 2000 mld leaving a very large gap


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15438

10852

2033

33000

6600

5200

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Wastew ater gen (mld) BOD Generation (t/d) BOD Discharge (t/d)

Comparison of pollution load generation from

domestic and industrial sources

Industrial Domestic


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S.No

Level ofPollution

PollutionCriteria

RiverinelengthKm.)

Riverinelengthpercentage)

1. Severely

polluted

BOD more

than 6 mg/l

6086 14

2. Moderately

polluted

BOD 3-6

mg/l

8691 19

3. Relativelyclean

BOD lessthan 3 mg/l

30242 67

Water Quality Status of RiversWater Quality Status of RiversAnalysis of 10 years data with respect to BOD values as indicator of organic pollution


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Minimum ecological flows important forMinimum ecological flows important forbiodiversity, aquatic life, andbiodiversity, aquatic life, and water qualitywater quality

Competing demands for irrigation, drinkingCompeting demands for irrigation, drinking

water, industries and powerwater, industries and power

Large scale abstraction forLarge scale abstraction for

hydroelectric projects in upper reacheshydroelectric projects in upper reaches canals in central plains for irrigationcanals in central plains for irrigation

Diminishing flowsDiminishing flows


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vv Pollution abatement works in major rivers in the countryPollution abatement works in major rivers in the country

commenced with the launching of Ganga Action Plancommenced with the launching of Ganga Action Plan

PhasePhase--I in 1985I in 1985

vv GAPGAP--I extended as GAPI extended as GAP--II inII in

1993 to cover shortfall and1993 to cover shortfall and

Gomti, Yamuna, MahanandaGomti, Yamuna, Mahananda

and Damodar riversand Damodar rivers

vv Programme broad based inProgramme broad based in

1995 to include other major1995 to include other major

rivers and renamed NRCPrivers and renamed NRCP

National River Conservation PlanNational River Conservation Plan


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Ganga Project Directorate (GPD) set up in MoEF in1985 for coordinating implementation of Ganga

Action Plan

NRCD evolved out of Ganga Project Directorate in1996 as more rivers taken up for conservation

NRCD entrusted with implementation of NRCP &NLCP

Organizational Structure of NRCD headed byProject Director, and consists mostly of technical

officers

National River Conservation DirectorateNational River Conservation Directorate


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River Action PlansRiver Action Plans

Objectives:Objectives: Reduction of pollution loadReduction of pollution loadinto river through schemes of:into river through schemes of:--

interception & diversion of sewageinterception & diversion of sewage

sewage treatmentsewage treatment crematoria (electric & improved wood)crematoria (electric & improved wood)

low cost sanitationlow cost sanitation

river front developmentriver front development afforestationafforestation

public participationpublic participation


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v Initially 100% funding by Centre

v From 1993, equal sharing of funds between

Centre and States

v 100% by the Centre with effect from 1.4.1997

v projects approved after March 2001 are being

funded on 70:30 cost sharing basis

v Operation and maintenance (O&M) of assets

created is the responsibility of the State

Government/ULB

vv Initially 100% funding by CentreInitially 100% funding by Centre

vv From 1993, equal sharing of funds betweenFrom 1993, equal sharing of funds between

Centre and StatesCentre and States

vv 100% by the Centre with effect from 1.4.1997100% by the Centre with effect from 1.4.1997

vv projects approved after March 2001 are beingprojects approved after March 2001 are being

funded on 70:30 cost sharing basisfunded on 70:30 cost sharing basis

vv Operation and maintenance (O&M) of assetsOperation and maintenance (O&M) of assets

created is the responsibility of the Statecreated is the responsibility of the StateGovernment/ULBGovernment/ULB

Funding PatternFunding PatternFunding Pattern


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Town centric, focussed onTown centric, focussed on interception,interception,diversion and treatment schemesdiversion and treatment schemes

Investment of Rs 900 crore treatmentInvestment of Rs 900 crore treatment

capacity of around 1000 mld created in 73capacity of around 1000 mld created in 73

townstowns

Despite industrial & urban growth, BODDespite industrial & urban growth, BODand DO values at most locations improvedand DO values at most locations improved

Ganga Action PlanGanga Action Plan


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25 towns of U.P., Bihar,25 towns of U.P., Bihar,West Bengal coveredWest Bengal covered

Amount spentAmount spent-- Rs. 452Rs. 452crore.crore.

869 million litres per day869 million litres per day(mld) sewage treatment(mld) sewage treatment

capacity createdcapacity created

STP at

Kolkata

Ganga Action Plan PhaseGanga Action Plan Phase -- II


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Sanctioned costSanctioned cost -- Rs. 2367.11 croreRs. 2367.11 crore

Schemes sanctionedSchemes sanctioned -- 701701

Schemes completedSchemes completed -- 544544

Amount spentAmount spent -- Rs.1612.38 croreRs.1612.38 crore

Ganga Action Plan PhaseGanga Action Plan Phase -- IIII


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Physical ProgressPhysical ProgressS. No. Item Target Achievement

Ganga Action Plan Phase I Expenditure: - Rs. 452 crores

1. No of schemes 261 2602. Treatment capacity 882 mld (35 STPs) 869 mld (34 STPs)

3. No. of Interception &

Diversion schemes

88 88

4. No. of Low Cost Sanitation

schemes

43 43

5. No. of Crematoria schemes 28 28

6. No. of River FrontDevelopment schemes

35 35

Ganga Action Plan Phase II Expenditure: - Rs. 437.53 crores

1. No of schemes 322 218

2. Treatment capacity 281 mld (38STPs) 156 mld (24STPs)

3. No. of Interception &

Diversion schemes

120 67

4. No. of Low Cost Sanitation

schemes

26 24

5. No. of Crematoria schemes 19 9

6. No. of River Front

Development schemes

49 35


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States coveredStates covered -- 2020

Towns coveredTowns covered -- 167167

Rivers coveredRivers covered -- 3838

Sanctioned costSanctioned cost -- Rs. 4691.55 croreRs. 4691.55 croreof schemesof schemes

ExpenditureExpenditure -- Rs. 3521.85 croreRs. 3521.85 crore

Present Coverage of NRCPPresent Coverage of NRCP


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Cumulative Status of NRCPCumulative Status of NRCP(Physical)(Physical)

Schemes sanctionedSchemes sanctioned 1085 nos.1085 nos.

Schemes completedSchemes completed 802 nos.802 nos.

STP capacity sanctionedSTP capacity sanctioned 4246 mld4246 mld

STP capacity createdSTP capacity created 3095 mld*3095 mld*

* Adding 869 mld capacity created under GAP* Adding 869 mld capacity created under GAP--I, anI, an

aggregate treatment capacity of 3964 mld hasaggregate treatment capacity of 3964 mld hasbeen created so farbeen created so far


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S.No. Name of River No. of towns

covered

Sanctioned

Cost (Crore)

Expenditure

(Crore)

STP Capacity

Created (mld)

1 Adyar 1 404.25 380.74 264.00

2 Cooum

3 Beehar 1 19.44 1.69 --

4 Betwa 3 8.23 5.63 15.20

5 Bhadra 1 3.77 4.14 5.83

6 Brahmini 4 84.70 43.19 --

7 Cauvery 13 269.10 261.57 151.93

8 Chambal 3 154.06 3.58 9.00

9 Diphu and Dhansiri 1 31.74 -- --

10 Damodar 12 4.40 4.29 13.17

11 Ganga 59 635.66 404.40 155.95

12 Godavari 7 118.98 112.61 185.46

13 Gomti 3 318.79 276.57 47.00

14 Khan 1 40.19 39.56 90.00

15 Krishna 2 28.74 21.95 28.00

16 Kshipra 1 18.05 17.33 55.46

17 Mahanadi 1 8.04 8.04 33.00

18 Mandakini 1 6.20 -- --

19 Mandovi 1 14.10 10.92 12.50



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S.No. Name of River No. of towns

covered

Sanctioned Cost

(Crore)

Expenditure

(Crore)

STP Capacity

Created (mld)

20 Mahananda 1 54.88 18.03 --

21 Musi 1 335.66 314.85 542.0022 Narmada 2 14.33 3.31 --

23 Pamba 1 18.44 1.47 --

24 Panchganga 1 74.29 -- --

25 Pennar 1 46.27 35.94 --

26 Rani-chi 3 37.39 14.67 --

27 Sabarmati 1 101.96 95.08 232.00

28 Satluj 6 215.68 293.06 413.20

29 Subarnrekha 3 3.76 0.98 --

30 Tapti 1 4.81 3.88 6.00

31 Tapi 1 2.44 -- --

32 Tunga 1 3.70 2.60 --

33 Tungabhadra 2 7.16 6.22 28.29

34 Tamrabarani 1 54.93 54.27 24.20

35 Vennar 1 62.75 63.31 28.05

36 Vaigai 1 130.24 107.95 --

37 Wainganga 3 1.01 0.94 1.95

38 Yamuna 21 1353.37 909.08 753.25



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Experience with NRCP: Mixed SuccessExperience with NRCP: Mixed Success

Visible improvement lacking, coliform levelsVisible improvement lacking, coliform levelsunacceptably highunacceptably high

In critically polluted stretches, BOD valuesIn critically polluted stretches, BOD values

do not meet bathing water quality standardsdo not meet bathing water quality standards

Counterfactual but for NRCP, problemCounterfactual but for NRCP, problemwould have gotten worse furtherwould have gotten worse further

deterioration arresteddeterioration arrested

Step in right direction, inadequateStep in right direction, inadequateinvestment, resources thinly spreadinvestment, resources thinly spread


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ShortcomingsShortcomings

Town centric, focussed onTown centric, focussed on interception,interception,diversion and treatment schemesdiversion and treatment schemes

Implementation slowImplementation slow

subsub--optimal utilization of assetsoptimal utilization of assets

Weak enforcement by State Pollution ControlWeak enforcement by State Pollution ControlBoardsBoards

Lack of civil society involvementLack of civil society involvement


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Huge treatment capacity deficitHuge treatment capacity deficit

Focused attention required on criticallyFocused attention required on criticallypolluted stretches e.g. Kannauj to Varanasipolluted stretches e.g. Kannauj to Varanasi

on Gangaon Ganga

Tackling nonTackling non--point sourcespoint sources (agricultural(agriculturalrunoff, solid wastes, cattlerunoff, solid wastes, cattle--wallowing, idolwallowing, idol

immersions, etc.)immersions, etc.) and fecal coliformand fecal coliform

Restoring natural ecosystem of the riversRestoring natural ecosystem of the rivers

ChallengesChallenges


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Technical, managerial & financial constraintsTechnical, managerial & financial constraintsof ULBs & implementing organizationsof ULBs & implementing organizations

Strengthening capacity of SPCBs to addressStrengthening capacity of SPCBs to address

weak compliance & enforcementweak compliance & enforcement

Community involvement for improvedCommunity involvement for improvedsanitationsanitation

Augment flows through water conservation,Augment flows through water conservation,reuse of treated wastewater, storage projectsreuse of treated wastewater, storage projects



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Industrial hotspots along the riversIndustrial hotspots along the rivers

Concentration of polluting industries :Concentration of polluting industries :Sugar, distilleries, paper, tanneries,Sugar, distilleries, paper, tanneries,chemical, etcchemical, etc

30% by volume, toxic and non30% by volume, toxic and non--biodegradablebiodegradable

Major problem with small scaleMajor problem with small scaleindustries lack of common effluentindustries lack of common effluenttreatment facilitiestreatment facilities


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New Initiative: NGRBANew Initiative: NGRBA

Constituted on 20.02.2009. Joint CentreConstituted on 20.02.2009. Joint Centre--State structure. Empowered underState structure. Empowered under EPA.EPA.

Chaired by PM. Includes CMs. StrongChaired by PM. Includes CMs. Strong

presence of experts and civil societypresence of experts and civil society

Planning, financing, monitoring &Planning, financing, monitoring &coordinating body. implementation throughcoordinating body. implementation through

States and SPVsStates and SPVs


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Functions of NGRBAFunctions of NGRBA

Development of river basin management planDevelopment of river basin management plan

Planning, financing and execution ofPlanning, financing and execution ofprogramme for abatement of pollution in theprogramme for abatement of pollution in the

river Gangariver Ganga

Maintenance of minimum ecological flowsMaintenance of minimum ecological flows

Creation of special purpose vehicles, asCreation of special purpose vehicles, asappropriateappropriate

Promotion of water conservation practicesPromotion of water conservation practices


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How new approach is differentHow new approach is different

Empowered AuthorityEmpowered Authority

Shift from town centric to river basin approachShift from town centric to river basin approach

Integrated approach, no standalone investmentIntegrated approach, no standalone investment

Sewerage infrastructure, catchment areaSewerage infrastructure, catchment areatreatment, tackling industrial effluents, rivertreatment, tackling industrial effluents, river

front developmentfront development

Dovetailing with JNNURM & UIDSSMT schemesDovetailing with JNNURM & UIDSSMT schemes Emphasis on minimum ecological flowsEmphasis on minimum ecological flows


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Apex Council chaired by PMApex Council chaired by PM

Standing Committee under FinanceStanding Committee under FinanceMinisterMinister

Empowered Steering Committee fast trackEmpowered Steering Committee fast trackproject approval mechanismproject approval mechanism

State River Conservation AuthoritiesState River Conservation Authorities

Implementation by States, ULBs and SPVsImplementation by States, ULBs and SPVs

Institutional RedesignInstitutional Redesign


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Development of river basin management planDevelopment of river basin management plan

Mission Clean GangaMission Clean Ganga

No untreated sewage or industrial effluents to flowNo untreated sewage or industrial effluents to flow

into Ganga by 2020into Ganga by 2020

Estimated investment of Rs 15,000 crore over nextEstimated investment of Rs 15,000 crore over next

10 years required10 years required

Identifying initial portfolio of projectsIdentifying initial portfolio of projects

State Governments preparing DPRsState Governments preparing DPRs

Action ProgramAction Program


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FinanceFinance

Centre and States committed to provideCentre and States committed to providerequired resources for Mission Clean Gangarequired resources for Mission Clean Ganga

Rs 100 crore provided in the FY 2009Rs 100 crore provided in the FY 2009--10, and10, andRs 500 crore for the FY 2010Rs 500 crore for the FY 2010--1111

1313thth Finance Commission approached to helpFinance Commission approached to helpmeet O&M needsmeet O&M needs

External financeExternal finance World Bank, JICAWorld Bank, JICA

Private capital through PPP in SPVsPrivate capital through PPP in SPVs


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Engagement with World BankEngagement with World Bank

World Bank has inWorld Bank has in--principle agreed toprinciple agreed to

support NGRBA as a priority projectsupport NGRBA as a priority project

mobilize initial funds for creation of a worldmobilize initial funds for creation of a world--class executive, knowledge base and Basinclass executive, knowledge base and Basin

Management PlanManagement Plan

mobilize substantial resources for a majormobilize substantial resources for a majorinvestment programinvestment program


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Projects based on comprehensive approachProjects based on comprehensive approach

PPP models proposed in States for betterPPP models proposed in States for better

implementationimplementation

Tripartite Memorandum of AgreementTripartite Memorandum of Agreement

Project appraisal by reputed independentProject appraisal by reputed independentinstitutionsinstitutions

Measures for Improving OutcomesMeasures for Improving Outcomes


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Empowered State River ConservationEmpowered State River ConservationAuthoritiesAuthorities

Third party evaluation by independentThird party evaluation by independentinstitutionsinstitutions

CityCity--level citizen committeeslevel citizen committees

Community mobilizationCommunity mobilization



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Water Quality Monitoring by reputedWater Quality Monitoring by reputedinstitutions like IITsinstitutions like IITs

Online data transmission, public access toOnline data transmission, public access toWQM data, additional parameters & bioWQM data, additional parameters & bio--

indicators to be includedindicators to be included

Research Advisory Committee set up toResearch Advisory Committee set up toencourage Innovative technologiesencourage Innovative technologies



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VisionVision

Gaumukh to GangaGaumukh to GangaSagar : a clean riverSagar : a clean river

Return of GangeticReturn of GangeticDolphins at SangamDolphins at Sangam

(Gangetic Dolphins are(Gangetic Dolphins are

facing extinction, onlyfacing extinction, only

few hundreds survive,few hundreds survive,apex of the food chain ofapex of the food chain of

Ganga ecosystem)Ganga ecosystem)


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Thank YouThank You

3 RajivGauba Rivers

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