3 Materials

7/27/2019 3 Materials

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The process of selecting materials for a building project is a challenging task. The purpose of this

section is to provide a framework for the evaluation of products and to offer environmentally preferable

options to traditional building materials and techniques.

To evaluate a product, begin with its life cycle. Consider the source of the product and the effects

of its extraction or manufacture. Ask yourself how it will be transported to the building site (and from

what distance), how long the product will last, and what you will do with the material at the end of its

useful life. By evaluating materials in this manner, you will be able to clearly identify concerns. See

the following Green Building Material Selection Criteria Outline for more information.

This section of the guidelines has been organized into major building components. Please

understand that although this is a guide to some of the options available today that can help to green

up your individual project, it is not intended to be comprehensive. Our hope is that you will find

additional products as you ask around about some of the products we have mentioned. The green

product industry is growing and changing, and we encourage each of you to ask your local stores,

lumberyard, architect, engineer, contractor, landscape architect or designer about these products.

Consumer demand will increase their availability, and everyone will benefit from their use.

Constructing a building requires enormous quantities of resources and energy. By building

smaller, smarter and more efficiently, we reduce the resources and energy necessary to make our

buildings work. By selecting green building materials, we make a conscious decision to think beyond

our project and consider the environment as a whole. Each individual building, remodel or addition

becomes an opportunity to create a healthier and more efficient environment.

Green Building

Material Options


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When selecting materials, it is important to keep in mind that there is no single correct solution.

The goal is to make educated choices about the products that will be used in a particular project. You

may use the following principles as a guide:

Find ways to do more with less. If a material is not necessary, don't use it. If one material can

fulfill the role of two or more, choose that material.

Use the most environmentally sound products that you can afford. Balance economic costs with

real environmental and social costs.

Consider durability. Products that last longer need to be replaced less frequently, thereby reducing

the waste stream to our landfills.

A green label on a product does not necessarily mean that it is the best choice for your project.

The most sustainable buildings use a whole building approach that combines innovative design

with effective material selection and waste management.

Think holistically and creatively. Each project is unique and provides an opportunity for new

approaches and environmental problem solving.

Use materials that are available through materials exchange programs, thus reducing the demand

for new materials and encouraging reuse.

This document is not meant to promote any one individual, manufacturer or business, but rather

to inform you about some known exceptional resources--many of which are available right in your

community.


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To expand further, consider the fo

performance standards for produc

Reduce demands on nonrenewable resources:

Reduce dependence on fossil fuels in

production, transportation and

operation

Reduce the use of old growth timber

(Utilize juvenile timber products and

wood alternatives that are toxin-free)

Utilize salvaged products

Be recyclable

Contain recycled materials, preferably

from post consumer waste

Contain agricultural waste material

Be energy and water efficient

Be natural or minimally processed

Reduce environmental degradation:

Minimize habitat and watershed degradation

Utilize alternatives to ozone depleting substances

Utilize alternatives to polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs)

Eliminate use of pesticides

EVALUATE MATERIALS FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

When evaluat

individual

materials, think

terms of a crato-grave appro

M1

Green Building Material Selection Criteria

When evaluating individual materials, think in terms of a cradle-to-grave approach. Choose

materials that minimize environmental and health impacts during:

Resource Extraction

Manufacturing

Packaging and Transportation

Installation

Operation

Disposal (Recycle/ Reuse)


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Be free of toxic or harmful substances:

Minimize the use of preservatives

Minimize the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other toxins that reduce indoor air quality

Block development and spread of indoor contaminants

Not contain pesticides

Not cause harm to humans, animals and the environment in extraction, manufacture, installation and

demolition

Help to reduce waste:

Utilize salvaged materials

Be designed to be dismantled and reused

Avoid excess packaging

Be efficiently designed; use modular building materials as standards

Be exceptionally durable and have low maintenance requirements

Be third party certified Examples of certifying organizations and labels are:

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

California Organic Standards

Green Seal

Scientific Certification Systems (SCS)

Energy Star

SmartWood

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

additional information

1. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Washington, DC, (877) 372-5646 or www.fscus.org

2. Green Seal, Washington, DC, (202) 872-6400 or www.greenseal.org

3. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), Oakland, CA, (510) 832-1415 or www.scs1.com

4. Energy Star, (888) STAR-YES orwww.energystar.gov

5. SmartWood, Richmond, VT, (802) 434-5491 or www.smartwood.org

6. Consult with yourgreen building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns

S7, M13, M18, H4, H6, W1, W2, W4, L5, L6, L11, L12

M1


5/46

Ground Floor Foundation Choices

Slab on gradewith integral footings

under bearing walls is an excellent and

easy choice for gaining essential thermal

mass in a building. This option allows for

multiple uses from the same product: a

structural system, finish flooring surface

and thermal mass.

As a finished floor, concrete can be

sealed, pigmented, painted and textured

to resemble natural stone and tile

products, or can be an attractive and

honest finish in its own right.

Raised wood floorframing on stem

walls over a basement or crawl space

offers the ability to gain easy access to

plumbing, ducts and other utilities. The

stem walls can be made of either Cast

in Place concrete, Concrete Masonry

Units (CMU), or Stay in Place concrete

forms.

Ingredient substitutescan be used to

offset some of the environmental

impacts of concrete manufacturing:

Fly Ash, a byproduct of coal combustion,

can substitute for 15 to 60 percent of the

Portland cement in a mixture depending

on the intended use. It is estimated that

most concrete batches that come from

the local plant contain anywhere from 15

to 20 percent fly ash content.

Mixtures that contain fly ash can be

slower to cure, are stronger and

smoother, denser, more workable and

less permeable.

MATERIALS: CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS


The durability

strength of conc

can offset some

the negativeaspects of it

manufacturin

process; and it

also be useful

its thermal mas

M2

The process of manufacturing concrete contributes to air pollution and uses large amounts

of fossil fuel energy and water, but it is an essential part of most foundation systems. The

durability and strength of concrete can offset some of the negative aspects of its

manufacturing process; and it can also be useful for its thermal mass. The amount of

concrete used will vary greatly depending on which foundation system is selected.


6/46

Aggregates can consist of recycled concrete

or other hard non-deforming material. Use

of recycled aggregate promotes waste

diversion from solid waste and inert landfills.

By obtaining locally available aggregates,

the adverse impacts of transportation can

be reduced. Caution should be taken here,

as engineers are typically wary of specifying

material of unknown content and properties.

A local concrete plant, Vulcan, indicates

that its Santa Barbara plant is not set up to

add recycled aggregate and that some

contracts will not allow it.

Admixtures are ingredients to promote

bonding, sealing, coloring and accelerated

curing. There are low toxicity, water based

products available that meet California

environmental standards.

NOTE: Discuss the use of these ingredients with

your engineer or contractor to determine whether

they might have adverse affects on your specific

project or situation.

Concrete is a poor insulator but a good

conductor. When concrete is used for thermal

mass and the opposing surface is exposed to an

unconditioned space, insulation should be used

to reduce conductivity.



1. For information about the availability of concrete with fly ash in the mix, call Vulcan Materials Co.,

(805)964-9931. A website is also available with information, www.flyash.com.


related patterns

H1, L1, L7

M2


7/46

BLOCK WALL OPTIONS

Concrete masonry units(CMU) are

made of hollow concrete formed blocks.

There are concrete blocks available that

contain pellets of expanded polystyrene

and wood chips that help to reduce the

amount of concrete used in the

manufacture of the block and as a result

improve the overall insulative value of

the block.

When this product is left exposed or

plastered it can provide an opportunity

to gain thermal mass to the interior but

can be thermally inefficient if not

protected from the exterior. Verify

product content and use local

manufacturers to reduce transportation.

Insulated masonry units(IMU) are

manufactured in the same manner and

of the same material as traditional

Concrete Masonry Units. The difference

between the two systems is in theirassembled final form. IMUs are dry

stacked and held together with

reinforcing bar and cement surface

bonding stucco applied to both sides.

Interior cores that are not grouted are

filled with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

foam cores (EPS is made using non-

CFC and HCFC polluting processes).

This creates an insulated thermal mass

that performs structurally like the CMU.

MATERIALS: BLOCK WALLS


...block wal

systems offer

opportunity to

less concrete aoften require l

equipment inten

methods of

construction.

M3

When compared to poured in place concrete, block wall systems offer an opportunity to

use less concrete and often require less equipment intensive methods of construction.

These systems can be used for foundations, retaining walls and above grade bearing wall

applications. All the systems listed below have the common requirement of a steel reinforced

concrete core, but the forms vary in material content thus affecting their thermal efficiency.


8/46

Insulated Concrete Formsare a stay-in-

place system that offers high thermal

efficiency (R-26 to R-40 depending on

thickness). The form materials are low-toxic

and made of EPS foam. These systems are

lightweight, easily assembled and can have

interior finishes applied directly.

Rastrais a product name of another

insulated concrete form. The difference is

that this product is produced out of recycled

post-consumer plastics, such as expanded

polystyrene and mixed with concrete. It, like

other forms, is filled with concrete and

reinforcing bar to create a structurally and

thermally efficient building.

Autoclaved Aerated Concreteis a process

that traps air within the concrete and creates

a product that insulates, is lightweight, is

more workable than conventional concrete

(it can be cut with a hand saw) and reduces

the overall cement content. The units are

solid blocks, lightweight due to trapped air,

and offer a high strength to weight ratio.



1. Concrete masonry units:

Air Vol, San Luis Obispo (805) 543-1314

Truestone, Oxnard (805) 485-1137

2. Insulated masonry units: Integrated Masonry Systems International, Ltd. (801) 235-1565

3. Insulated Concrete Forms:

American Poly Steel, New Mexico (505) 345-8153

IceBlock, Las Vegas (702) 795-0974

KEEVA International, (480) 855-6641 www.oikos.com/keeva

Rastra, (623) 935-3585 or www.rastra.com

Baubuilder Services (Rastra supplier) (360) 705-2868 or www.baubuilder.com

4. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete:BABB International, Inc., (706) 965-6061 or www.babb.com or www.startmyhome.com

Innovative Masonry Systems, (888) 845-8240 or www.innovativemasonry.com

Keystone Block, (570) 347-2011

Grand Blanc Cement Products, (800) 875-7500 or www.grandblanccement.com


related patterns

M5, E7

M3


9/46

Alternatives to non-sustainably

harvested wood:

Salvaged or reclaimed lumberis an

excellent choice, that makes use of an

existing material that needs little or no

re-manufacturing. There are several

reclaimed lumber companies in

California including two in our local area

(see additional resources below).

Certified sustainable woodcomes from

forests that are managed in accordance

with sustainable forest practices

developed by the Forest Stewardship

Council. Be skeptical of other

certifications until you have verified their

standards. Most certified products cost

more than non-certified wood products.

Look for recognizable labels and ask

local lumberyards for these products.

Engineered Lumber Products:

Glue-Laminated Members

Pre-manufactured Trusses

Engineered I-Joist/Open Web joists

Laminated Veneer Lumber and

Finger Jointed Lumber

These are examples of wood products that

are manufactured from small pieces of wood,

wood scraps or wood fibers held together

with binders. These products make use of

smaller diameter trees, not old growth

forests, are resource efficient, stronger and

more uniform than solid-sawn lumber.

Although engineered lumber currently costs

more than standard lumber, the market is

growing and savings are realized in terms of

reduced waste, labor, and superior quality.

Look for engineered products that use

certified sustainably harvested wood and

non-formaldehyde binders such as

polyurethane (MDI).

MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE: WOOD


...when wood

sustainably

harvested it

continues to berenewable resou

M4

The structural frame historically accounts for 70 percent of the total lumber used to

construct the average U.S. residence, according to the Guide to Resource Efficient

Building Elements, (Mumma, Tracy). We should be aware that there are alternatives to

dimensional lumber that can help reduce demand on forest resources, but keep in mind,

when wood is sustainably harvested (look for FSC certification), it continues to be a

renewable resource.


10/46

Structurally Insulated Panels(SIPs) are

factory made wall panels consisting of a

foam core sandwiched between two layers

of Oriented Strand Board (OSB). This

product reduces wood waste generated on

site as panels are cut to exact wall

specifications in the factory and

manufacturers are able to recycle their own

scrap. These panels reduce the time

required for framing and insulating as one

system covers both of these trades.

Due to the tight construction tolerances and

solid foam core, increased insulation

properties may also be realized with SIPs.

Buildings have been constructed in Santa

Barbara County using this building system.

Wood Preservation

When using wood products that will come in

contact with surrounding ground or that must

stand up to outdoor exposure, there are products

available that are non-toxic and are safe to use

and dispose of.

Preserveand Preserve Plusare chromium

and arsenic free treated wood. Both of these

systems offer protection from decay, rot, and

termite attack and provide long term

protection.

Pac-Boris lumber and plywood that is

treated with borax. It is safe to handle and

dispose of, and is effective against rot, fungi

and wood destroying insects. This product is

meant for above ground uses such as sill

plates, framing lumber and flooring.



1. Salvaged and reclaimed lumber:

Old Growth Redwood, Mendocino (707) 937-0918

Caldwell Building Wreckers, San Francisco (415) 550-6777

Crossroads Recycled Lumber, ONeals (559) 877-3645

Jefferson Recycled Woodworks, McCloud (916) 964-2740 or www.ecowood.com

Maxwell Pacific, Malibu (310) 457-4533

Habitat, Oxnard (805) 981-2268

Survivor Woods, Minneapolis, MN (612) 875-6966

2. Certified sustainable wood and engineered lumber:

Hayward Lumber (805) 963-1881

Collins Products, Oregon (541) 884-2241

Truss Joist MacMillan (208) 338-0515

3. Structurally Insulated Panels:

Premiere Building Systems (800) 275-7086

R-Control, made by AFM Corporation (800) 255-0176

4. Wood preservatives:

Chemical Specialties, Inc, (800) 421-8661

Pacific Wood Preserving of Bakersfield, (661) 833-0429


related patterns

M1, H4, W1, W2, W4, L3, L4, L7

M4


11/46

Recycled-content steel studsare used

more commonly in commercial projects

but are gaining acceptance in residential

markets. They are readily available and

contain varying degrees of recycled

content. Although these studs easily

conduct heat through the building skin

there are ways to eliminate the

conductive bridge effect. This is a

strong, stable, uniform product that

helps to reduce forest depletion.

Masonry unitsare a durable product

that can accept many different finish

materials. When left exposed on the

interior of a building the material

functions well as thermal mass. More

information on this topic can be found in

M3 (Block Walls).

Poured-in-place concretewalls are

strong and durable and share many of

the same thermal characteristics of

masonry. Remember concrete is a poor

insulator and a good conductor so

measures should be taken to prevent

thermal transfer through the wall.

Foam block formsare a newer

technology that uses easily stacked,

hollow foam units that require a

reinforced concrete core. The foam units

provide a thermally efficient wall that can

accept many different finishes. More

information on this product can be found

in M3 (Block Walls).

Rammed earth or pisis created using

techniques similar to poured-in-place

concrete systems. The two differ in the

content of the mixture. Rammed earth

mixtures contain cement, sand, water

and soil, the last usually gathered from

the building site. Design measures

should be taken to protect walls from

moisture.

MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE:

NON WOOD


Recycled-cont

steel studs are

strong stable

product that heto reduce fore

depletion

M5

B

y using non-wood building products we can help to offset the demand on forest

resources. There are several options available. Detailed descriptions are includedbelow.


12/46

Insteelis a product that reverses the

technology of the Foam Block Form. The

system consists of a foam core with pre-

installed welded wire mesh on each side,

attached together through the core, ready to

accept a high pressure sprayed concrete

(gunite) surface. Once the concrete is in

place the product can be hand troweled and

is then ready to accept a plaster finish. The

result is a thermally efficient wall with added

thermal mass on the interior face. Four

homes were recently built in Santa Barbara

using this product.

Strawbaleconstruction is an old method of

building that is beginning to gain popularity

in this region. The strawbales are used as

infill between structural members and

provide a highly insulated wall. The

strawbales, once in place, are plastered on

both sides providing a secure and fire

resistant wall system, with excellent acoustic

properties. There have been examples of

load bearing strawbale walls being

constructed, but no such structure has been

permitted in Santa Barbara so far.



1. Insteel Construction Systems, (912) 264-3772

2. The Earth Building Foundation, Inc. maintains a website that contains information and links on the subject of

earth building, including rammed earth building, www.earthbuilding.com

3. Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST) maintains a listing of strawbale

references, resources, and builders, http://solstice.crest.org/efficiency/straw_insulation/

4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns

M3, M8, W2, L10

M5


13/46

Plywoodis the most commonly used

product for wall sheathing as it has

excellent strength. Plywood that

contains urea formaldehyde binders

should be avoided, as it is toxic.

Choose plywood containing a lesser

formaldehyde content such as phenolformaldehyde or, best of all, methyl

diisocyanate (MDI), a polyurethane

resin, that is formaldehyde free. Also,

consider the wood used and where it

comes from.

Oriented Strand Board(OSB) makes

use of smaller, fast growing farm trees.

This product can be used in place of

plywood in sheathing and subfloor

applications. Be aware of binding agents

used in these products.

Composite ply & OSBsheets make use

of both technologies but use only the

veneer woods on the outmost layers,

helping to reduce dependence on large

diameter trees.

Thermo-Plyis made of 100 percent

recycled material content (cardboard

and office waste, and wood

manufacturing waste) and is 99 percent

recyclable. It does not use old growth,

fast growing trees, or wood chips in the

material content. The material is bonded

by 100 percent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),

which is one of the safest bonding

agents available. All of these qualities

are compounded with strength

comparable to conventional plywoods

and OSB.

Use wall sheathing that is formaldehyde

free or contains phenol formaldehyde,

MDI (polyurethane resin) or better yet,

PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). Avoid ureaformaldehyde products entirely if

possible.

MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL WALL SHEATHING


When selectin

wall sheathing,

aware of mater

content andformaldehyde ba

binding agents,

off gassing may

highly toxic.

M6

In wood construction, the way walls resist lateral forces such as wind, settling soil and

earthquakes is through shear panels attached to framing members. Used extensively

throughout a structure (roof and walls), these panels account for enormous amounts of wood.When selecting wall sheathing, be aware of material content and formaldehyde based binding

agents, as off gassing may be highly toxic.


14/46THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001


1. National Association of Home Builders, (301) 249-4000 or www.nahbrc.org

2. Sustainably harvested plywood: CollinsWood (800) 329-1219 (only manufacturer in North American )

3. Thermo-Ply, manufactured by Simplex Products Division (800) 345-8881


related patterns

H4, H6, H7, W1, L3, L7

M6


15/46

Roofing options:

Terra cotta tile & slate shinglesare

durable materials, have very good fire

resistance, and can be easily recycled.

Heavier product weight may result in

higher shipping costs and larger roof

framing and truss dimensions. These

products can be fragile.

Fiber cement shinglesare a mixture of

cellulose fiber and cement, compressed

into a dense waterproof tile. They are

lightweight, durable (50-year warranty),

non-flammable and can be easilyrecycled. Workers should be protected

from material dust during construction.

Lightweight concrete tileroofs are

widely used in this area. Concrete

achieves a Class A fire rating (the highest

fire resistance rating) and is available in a

several different styles and colors.

Fiberglass shinglesare durable, fire

resistant, and inexpensive. Once in place,

there is little chance of the fibers

becoming airborne, but if cutting and

demolition are involved precautions

should be taken to avoid inhaling

particulate matter.

Metalroofs are durable, lightweight, fire

resistant, low maintenance, can contain

up to 100 percent recycled-content and

may be recycled if not coated with a

metallic substance.

Metal products have high-embodied

energy and entail hazardous

manufacturing practices; however, their

durability, recycled-content and

recyclability may significantly offset this.

Information should be obtained to

determine product durability in our coastal

environment.

Aluminum/steel panelroofing is

relatively lightweight, low maintenance,

durable, has high recycled content and

can resemble tile or shake roofs. It can

also be recycled at the end of its lifespan.

Materials and labor are moderately

expensive and the level of embodied

energy is high as it is for all metals.

Asphalt composition shinglesare

durable (some offer 40 year warranty),

fire resistant, inexpensive and can

contain recycled materials. However,

recyclability of this material is difficult.

Some manufacturers use fiberglass or an

organic fiber base to give the product

more flexibility and increase longevity.

This product is not recommended.

Asphalt is a petroleum-based product,

uses non-renewable resources, is highly

toxic, and pollutes during manufacture,

use, and disposal. There is an organic

asphalt roof available through Certain

Teed Corporation ((800) 441-9850) that

might be worth looking into.

MATERIALS: ROOFING


Recycled glass

be used as a

substitute fo

gravel over a b

up roof.

M7

The first defense from the elements is the roofing material. There is a wide variety of

materials, styles, textures, and colors available.


16/46

Cedar shakesare not recommended due to

the required use of old growth cedar trees,

which have been significantly depleted and

are very difficult to harvest efficiently. These

shingles are expensive, not as durable as

alternatives, and are susceptible to fire.

Some fire retardants that are applied may be

toxic.

Flat Roof Options:

Built-Up roofingis a necessary application

on flat or shallow sloping roofs. These roofing

systems are inexpensive to install, fairly easy

to repair and require periodic maintenance to

avoid water damage to the structure.

Membrane roofingmaterials are fairly new

on the market but show promise as a stable

product. They can be used on new and

remodel projects.

Recycled glasscan be used as a substitute

for gravel over a built up roof.

Alternative Products:

Majestic slate tilesare made from 100

percent recycled industrial rubber and plastic.

Eco-Shakeis made from 100 percent

recycled vinyl and reclaimed wood materials.The product offers a 50-year warranty, and a

Class A fire rating and may be recycled into

new Shakes after its lifetime.

Photovoltaic shinglesoffer protection from

weather elements plus the added benefit of

producing energy for the building.

Vegetation covered roofs, orgreen roofsas

they are popularly known, can help to

moderate interior environments, improve air

quality and are an innovative stormwatermanagement solution. These roofs may

improve the microclimate by cooling and

humidifying surrounding air. Due to the

planting there is also improved sound

absorption.


M7

additional information1. Fiber cement shingles:

Fire Free (800) 347-3373

James Hardie Building Products (888) 542-7343

2. Lightweight concrete:

Monier Lifetile (949) 756-1605

3. Majestic slate tiles:

EcoStar, (800) 211-7170 or www.oikos.com/products/moisture/ecostar

Eternit, (800) 233-3155

4. Eco-Shake are available through: Re-New Wood, Inc (800) 420-7576

5. Photovoltaic shingles are available through: UniSolar Roofing Systems, San Diego (619) 625-2080

6. Local roofing product suppliers:

ABC Supply, (805) 957-1988

Sunshine Wholesale Roofing (805) 562-1101

7. Sarnafil, Downey, CA , (800) 268-0479 or www.sarnafilus.com/GreenRoofs


related patterns

S1, E2, E7, H4, C5, C7, H7, W2, W4, L1, L2, L5


17/46

MATERIALS: ROOFING - CONSIDERATIONS


M7aRecommendations:

1. Look for a product that offers durability, recyclability, and resource efficiency

2. Consider Fire Resistance. Many areas in Santa Barbara are prone to brush fires. Tile or

cementicious roofing products are naturally fire resistant materials. Be aware of fire

retardants applied to wood, as they may be toxic.

3. Color. Light colored roofs should be used wherever possible, as dark colors absorb heat

and increase cooling loads. Since lighter colors absorb less heat, less thermal

contraction and expansion occurs, resulting in a longer lasting roof. Always take into

account the context of the project for example; use earth tones in foothill areas to

minimize visual impact.


18/46


19/46

Siding Options:

Wood fiber compositesidings achieve

a highly efficient use of wood fiber,

which is recovered from manufacturing

operations, and can replicate the

appearance of traditional solid wood

siding. Some brands have had problems

with moisture, but with careful

installation and diligent sealing this

material can be a good choice. This

products recyclability depends on the

glues/binders used, as with other

plywoods.

Fiber cementsiding is cost effective,

durable, resistant to moisture, termite

proof, offers a class A fire rating, and

requires low levels of energy to

manufacture. In addition, this siding maybe textured to replicate a wood-grain

appearance, and is available in panel,

plank, shingle and shake styles.

Workers should be protected from dust

particles when cutting.

Metalsiding is a material with a high

recycled-content that significantly offsets

its high-embodied energy level. Most

metal siding is durable, requires little

maintenance, is inexpensive and can be

recycled if not coated with a metallic

finish.

Stuccosiding is an exterior finish

available with a concrete or adobe base,

which has a low embodied energy level.

Many new versions are available that

combine synthetic fibers or acrylic

compounds into the base. This product

can be applied over many different

substraights.

Woodsiding is not a recommended

choice, as it is not very durable and

requires frequent maintenance. Solidwood siding is combustible, and

depletes reserves of cedar and redwood

forests. If wood products are used look

for sustainably harvested material.

MATERIALS: EXTERIOR SIDING


Wood siding is

a recommende

choice, as it is

very durable arequires freque

maintenance.

M8

Like roofing, the exterior siding of a building must withstand elements. Many of the same

products for roofing can also be applied as siding. Choosing a siding with high durability,

low maintenance, recyclability and attractiveness is important. There are many options

available today that meet all these criteria.


20/46

Vinylsiding is not recommended. It offers

moderate durability, has a high-embodied

energy content and requires frequent

maintenance. Some versions of this siding

contain a small amount of post-industrial

scrap, however vinyl siding is currently not

recyclable after use. In addition, there are

significant environmental and health

concerns associated with the use of PVC's,

used in the manufacture of vinyl siding.

Earthen Material Options:

Rammed Earth, adobe and stone masonry

walls are examples of a single material

serving multiple uses. These structures

must be designed by a structural engineer.

These materials have natural qualities that

make them superior choices for moderating

the interior temperature of the building.

In addition to natural stone walls, broken or

demolished sidewalks (also called urbanite)

can be used in much the same fashion and

diverts material from the landfill, however,

an insulation break must be achieved

between interior and exterior to prevent

thermal transfer through wall.



1. Wood fiber composite siding: Weyerhaeser Choice Trim (800) 417-3674

Masonite Corporation, MiraTec (800) 826-6503

Masonite Building Siding, (312) 750-0900

Collins Products, LLC, TruWood (800) 417-3674

2. Fiber cement siding:Fire Free (800) 347-3373

James Hardie Building Products (888) 542-7343

3. Metal siding:

Sure Built, Inc., Stockton (209) 460-1400 or www.surebuilt.com


related patterns

M5, H4, W1, W4, L3, L5, L7

M8


21/46

Options for window glazing:

Double glassshould be used in

residential construction. Single panes

are less energy efficient, whereas the

cost of triple panes outweigh their

performance in this area. The choice is

not as straight forward in commercial

buildings as much heat is internally

generated by lights and inhabitants.

Single pane glazing may perform only

slightly worse than double, depending

on orientation.

Low emissivity reflective film(Low-E)

can be applied to glass windows to

reflect heat into the building or away

from it, while still allowing visible light

through. This should be used according

to solar orientation.

Vista Glareis a manufactured product

name of a film applied to the glass used

to reduce UV glare.

Gas filled windowshave argon or other

gases between their panes of glass,

which lowers the conductivity through

the glass. Users of this method should

use caution and check with the

manufacturer as the elevation of product

assembly may differ from the project

location and adversely affect the

windows during transport, due to

pressure change. Also, if you are in adrier area of the County, seals may

contract over time allowing gas to

escape, compromising the performance

of this type of glazing.

Electrochromic(EC) windows are

currently being developed that change

light transmission levels based upon

changes in sunlight or interior

temperatures. An electrical charge is

employedeither automatically or

manuallyto change windows from

clear to heavily tinted. Look for these to

become commercially available in 2003.

MATERIALS: WINDOWS


Steel/Aluminu

frames are the l

efficient fram

available, as tmetal is a condu

of heat and col

M9W

indows have a

tremendous influence on

the character, thermal comfort

and energy consumption of a

building. A window that is

properly designed and oriented

reduces reliance on mechanical

means of heating and cooling by

allowing for natural ventilation

and heat gain when needed. In

addition, windows provide

natural daylighting, which affects

interior aesthetics and reduces

the need for artificial light.


22/46

Window Frames Options:

Woodframes are available clad in aluminum,

vinyl, or fiberglass. The wood core provides

thermal efficiency and an attractive interior finish,

while the exterior cladding offers durability andlow maintenance. Check to see if sustainably

harvested wood frames, recycled content

cladding and recycled glass were used.

Fiberglassframes are thermally efficient and

stable. Fiberglass is energy intensive to produce

but its durability may outweigh the initial energy

use. There are options available with pre-painted

finishes in addition to a wood veneer that can be

stained on the interior. This option can provide

the feel and look of solid wood. The wood

veneer windows tend to be quite expensive and

the painted option tends to be about 10 to 20

percent more than vinyl windows.

Solid woodframes provide a good thermal break

between the interior and exterior. Finger-jointed

and sustainably harvested wood frames are

available through some manufacturers. If

staining is required, frames are available with

attractive surface veneers. Wood frames require

regular maintenance, but will perform well when

properly primed and painted.

Vinylframes. Vinyl is a low conductive material

that is durable and can provide the same profiles

as wood. Vinyl windows are typically less

expensive than other types of windows.

However, vinyl contains chlorine, which may

pose health hazards. These frames typically

come with integral colors that eliminate the need

for painting and maintenance, although wood

veneers are available for staining if desired.

Steel/Aluminumframes are the least efficient

frames available, as the metal is a conductor of

heat and cold. If you are thinking of using metal

frame windows, make sure the frames are

thermally broken, to prevent transfer of heat or

cold. These frames are durable, come with

factory color finish, and may contain some

recycled content, but require a large amount of

energy to produce, and require periodic

maintenance of window beading, if putty is used

as with many steel window varieties.



1. Low-Ereflective film:

Hawk Retrofit, Inc. (301) 858-7127 or www.hawkretrofit.com

2. Vista Glare is available through LivinGreen (805) 966-1319

3. Wood, fiberglass and vinyl frames:

Pacific Timber Products (carries Eagle windows), (805) 962-2202

Hayward Lumber (carries Andersen & Milgard windows) (805) 963-1881Pella Store, Santa Barbara, (805) 683-5754

4. Steel frames:

Hopes Steel Windows, New York (716) 665-5124

Torrance Steel Windows, Torrance (310) 328-9181

Kawneer, Visalia, (209) 651-4000


related patterns

E1, E2, E3, W1, L1, L2, L3, L4, L8, L9, L10, L13

M9


23/46

MATERIALS: WINDOWS - CONSIDERATIONS


M9aRecommendations:

1. Purchase the highest quality windows your budget will allow, as this option is usually

more energy efficient and more durable in the long run. It is one of the most important

investments you can make in a building project.

2. Different glazing strategies apply to different compass orientations. For example, use

low-E on west facing glazing where the sun is most severe. The idea here is to put the

most efficient window where it does the most good.

3. If you have single paned wood windows, retrofit with insulating glass and refurbished

frames. This doesn't require new manufacturing and creates less waste.

4. Consider salvage yards and manufacturers seconds for the solid wood windows that

you want. Be aware that many older windows are not energy efficient due to single

glazing and poor weather-stripping and may hinder energy saving efforts.

5. If replacing existing windows, recycle them. Andersen Windows

(www.andersenwindows.com, (651) 264-5150) has a program that recycles every portion

of old windows possible and reclaims lead paint that may have been used. Reclaimed

materials are used in new products.

6. Weather strip existing windows and, if purchasing new, pay attention to the air infiltration

rating.

7. Consider using retractable solar screens at windows to control solar heat gain. A local

source: Wayne Pendrey Construction (800) 817-8905.

8. For a small fee, an energy consultant can model different options and scenarios for your

project to determine how the building will perform from an energy standpoint.


24/46


25/46

Options for Door Construction:

Wood veneersare available for doors

that provide a beautiful look and the feel

of clear grain wood without using solid

material. Some manufacturers may use

Lauan, a mahogany found in the

Philippines, especially on garage doors.

According to Architects, Designers and

Planners for Social Responsibility

(ADPSR), the use of this material

results in deforestation of tropical

forests.

Pressed board veneersare available

that are made of Masonite, a natural

wood dust. These veneers are bonded

by high pressure without additional

glues thereby avoiding off-gassing.

These are only appropriate for interior

doors and are available at most

lumberyards.

Steel skindoors are durable, available

in a range of styles, colors and now

available in a simulated wood grain with

realistic coloring. Many of these doors

contain a foam core that provides good

insulation.

Fiberglass reinforced plasticdoors

are corrosion resistant, lightweight,

impact resistant, insulated, waterproof

and seamless. Many styles are

available and today there are fiberglass

molds available that replicate the

texture of traditional solid wood doors.

Clad framesachieve the best

combination of wood and aluminum,

vinyl, or fiberglass. The wood core

provides thermal efficiency and

aesthetic appeal to the interior, while the

exterior clad surface provides durability

and low maintenance.

MATERIALS: DOORS


...the materia

and styles tha

doors are

constructed of ha tremendou

influence on t

character, ther

comfort and ene

consumption o

building.

M10

Doors share many

characteristics and

principles with windows. Like

windows, the materials and

styles that doors are

constructed of have a

tremendous influence on the

character, thermal comfort

and energy consumption of a

building. Doors that are

properly constructed and

installed can have a

significant impact on heating

and cooling costs.


26/46

Solid steel/aluminumdoors are the least

efficient frames available, as the metal is a

conductor of heat and cold. These frames

are durable, come with factory color finish,

and may contain some recycled content, but

require a large amount of energy to

produce, and require periodic maintenance

of window beading, if putty is used.

Solid wooddoors are not recommended,

unless sustainably harvested woods or re-

claimed doors or lumber is used. Check with

salvage yards and materials exchanges;

many times salvaged, quality hardwood

doors can be obtained at competitive prices.



1. Wood veneer doors:

Saroyan Architectural Legacy Collection (800) 624-9309

For additional information, visit www.woodveneers.com

2. Steel skin doors:

Steelcraft (800) 243-9780Ceco Door Products (615) 661-5030

3. Fiberglass reinforced plastic doors: Therma-Tru (800) 537-8827

FRP Doors, LP (800-880-8306

ChemPruf Door Co, LTD (800) 444-6924


related patterns

M1, W2, W4

M10


27/46

MATERIALS: DOORS - CONSIDERATIONS


M10Recommendations:

1. When using glazed doors use dual glazing.

2. Purchase the highest quality doors your budget will allow, as this option is usually more

energy efficient and more durable in the long run.

3. Look in salvage yards and manufacturer seconds for the solid wood doors that you want.

Some sources: Habitat for Humanity ReStore Oxnard, (805) 981-2268 or Urban Ore,

Richmond (510) 232-7724.

4. Verify that the binders and glues used in the veneer doors are not urea-formaldehyde.

5. Use the best possible weather stripping.

6. For a small fee, an energy consultant can model different options and scenarios for your

project to determine how the building will perform energy-wise.


28/46


29/46

Options for Insulation

Cellulose insulationis a blown in

product that contains 75 to 80

percent recycled newspapers and

telephone books. This product maybe applied in loose fill or wet spray

and is a good product for filling the

gaps in framing. This product has R-

values of approximately 3 to 4 per

inch.

NOTE: Chemical insecticides, fungicides, fire

retardant and the newspaper inks

themselves can be toxic, so caution must be

used during installation. Additionally, some

chemicals may off gas for long periods of

time and there are health risks to both thebuilding occupants and the installers of this

product.

Icyneneis a sprayed foam insulation

made from petroleum that creates very

little pollution during its manufacture or

installation. The R-value is 3.6 per inch;

it adheres well to most materials, and is

flexible so that it remains airtight with

seasonal building movement. Icynene

contains no formaldehyde, is non-corrosive, and no VOCs are detectable

after 30 days of curing. This product can

also be installed in existing wall cavities

for retrofit projects. Icynene has been

certified as contributing to improved

indoor air quality.

Silicate foamorAir Kreteis a blown-in

wet insulation. The R-value of this

product is 3.9 per inch. Evaluated as the

least toxic insulation on the market

today, according to ADPSR, this productis effective at filling air gaps, uses no

CFCs or HCFCs, and has low VOCs.

Cost is comparatively higher.

NOTE: Although it is lightweight and non-

combustible, Air Krete is friable, so caution

should be taken when working with dried

product to avoid inhaling dust.

Mineral woolinsulation. Mineral wool

insulation is composed of rock or slag

wool, a by-product of steel production.This is a durable, fire resistant material

with varying levels of embodied energy

and an R-value between 3 and 4 per

inch. This product was commonly used

until fiberglass was introduced in the

60's and 70's.

MATERIALS: INSULATION


Cotton insulati

made from 9

percent post

industrial was(blue jeans an

cotton t-shirts).

an ideal product

chemically sensi

people.

M11I

nsulation is an integral part of any

comfortable, energy-efficient building.

Factors to consider when choosing an

insulation material include resistance to

heat flow (R-value) resistance to air

infiltration, cost, toxicity, resistance to

moisture and rot, fire resistance, and

availability.


30/46

Cottoninsulation is a relatively new product on

the market. It may be either installed in spray

form or as batts. It has an R-value between 3

and 3.7 per inch and is made from 95 percent

post-industrial waste (blue jeans and cotton t-

shirts). It is an ideal product for chemically

sensitive people.

Fiberglassinsulation is the most commonly used

insulation material today and has an R-value of

approximately 3.4 per inch. This product, by law,

must contain 20 percent recycled content.

However, its overall energy production

requirements are high, it is not very recyclable at

the end of its useful life, and there are potential

health hazards associated with its installation.

If fiberglass insulation is used it should be either

encapsulated in plastic or manufactured with

longer, curled fibers, both of which pose fewer

installation hazards.

Other Beneficial Products

Reflective foilor radiant barriers are thin sheets

of foil made of recycled aluminum with the intent

to reflect radiant heat away from or back into thebuilding. There are a couple of different products

available (i.e., reflective bubble wrap, foam core

wrap and reinforced foil). They are effective, but

are best used when accompanying insulation

and not as a substitute.

Ventilation bafflescan be installed between

the roof rafters in vaulted (attic-less) ceilings

before insulation is applied. These baffles create

an air channel between the top of insulation and

the underside of roof sheathing thereby allowing

air to flow in the roof cavity to prevent moisture

buildup. This extends the life of roof framing and

provides a way for heat to escape. This may not

be permitted in high fire areas.

NOTE: Check with local insulation companies for

availability of these products. Demand will help to

stimulate increased local options.



1. Santa Barbara Insulation, (805) 965-4962

2. Cellulose insulation:

Green Stone Industries (888) 592-7684

3. Icynene:

Contact Icynene, Inc. for certified local installers, (800) 758-7325

4. Air Krete:

Palmer Industries (301) 898-7848

5. Mineral wool insulation:

American Rockwell, Inc. (800.334.0394).

6. Fiberglass insulation:CertainTeed Corp. (800) 233-8990

John Mansville (800) 654-3103

7. Reflective foil:

The Home Improvement Center/ Real Goods (800) 762-7325

Superior Radiant Insulation, San Dimas (888) 774-4422


related patterns

E2, E4, E6, H3, H4, L6, L10

M11


31/46

Plasteris the traditional wall surface

found in older buildings. It can be

applied to almost any base material.

Pigments can be worked into the final

coat in lieu of painting.

Wallboardhas largely taken the place

of traditional plaster walls because of its

price and ease of installation. It is a

gypsum product often faced with

recycled paper. Any waste scraps of this

product may be recycled to make more

wallboard. Locally the Santa Barbara

County South Coast Transfer Station

and MarBorg Industries both accept new

gypsum wallboard scrap for recycling.

Greenboardis a gypsum board product

intended for wet areas, such as under

tile or in bathrooms. These sheets arestronger and more resistant to water

than typical gypsum board but will off

gas due to some asphalt content. The

sheets should be allowed to vent prior to

installation.

United States Gypsum Corporation

(USG) manufactures many different

gypsum wallboard products for specific

uses, such as typical wallboard, green

board and reinforced wallboard for high

abuse areas. Using the right product for

the job helps to reduce frequent

replacement of material.

MATERIALS: INTERIOR

PLASTER & WALL BOARD


Wallboard ha

largely taken t

place of traditio

plaster wallsbecause of its p

and ease of

installation.

M12

Finishes include a large array of products and materials. Due to direct contact with

building occupants the contents and potential health effects of finishes require rigorous

evaluation. The 'less is better' principle should be kept in mind while choosing finishes. If onematerial can perform the role of two or more, that material should be given preference.




1. Gypsum wallboard recycling:

Santa Barbara County South Coast Transfer Station (805) 681-4335

MarBorg Industries (805) 963-1852

2. Greenboard:

United States Gypsum Corporation (312) 606-4065


related patterns

S1, H4, W3, W4, L2

M12


33/46

Options include:

Water based latexpaints with low or no

VOC's. These products are odor free

and help to keep the indoor air free of

VOCs. These low or no VOC paints are

available through most major

manufacturers.

Lime washis a zero VOC lime-based

coating blended with natural pigments

designed to mottle to an aged and

natural weathered effect immediately.

The lime allows the building to breathe

and moisture in walls is able to transpire

into the atmosphere.

Milkpaint is another zero VOC

alternative that has a long history of use.

The protein in milk is water-soluble, yet

dries to a hard finish that is durable and

will not fade.

Recycledpaints are available at no cost

through the UCSB Hazardous Waste

Collection Center, call (805) 893-7250

for availability and hours of operation.

The purpose of this service is to use

discarded paint.

Low-orno-biocidepaints.

Oil basedpaints with low VOC.

Plant or mineral basedpaints. See

www.built-e.com, paints and finishes for

a wide range of plant-based & low VOC

alternatives.

As a paint alternative, consider plaster

with an intregal color, thus eliminating

the use of paint altogether. Veneer

plaster is available in most hardware

stores.

MATERIALS: INTERIOR PAINTS


As a paint

alternative,

consider plast

with an intregcolor, thus

eliminating the

of paint

altogether.

M13

M

ost people are aware of outdoor air pollution and its effects on our health, but many are

not aware that indoor air may be 2 to 5 times more heavily contaminated. Due to thedirect contact and high concentration of potentially hazardous materials in our homes and

offices, special attention should be paid to the treatment of our surfaces.




1. Water based latex paints:

Frazee Paints (805) 962-0051

Benjamin Moore Paints (805.962.6640).

2. Lime wash and milkpaint :

Decorative Protective Coatings (carries limewash and milk paint) (805) 963-3126

Old Fashioned Milk Paint Co. (508) 448-6336

3. Low- or no-biocide paints:

AFM Enterprises, 619) 239-0321or www.afmsafecoat.com

Best Paint Co. (206) 783-9938

ChemSafe Products, (210) 657-5321 or www.environproducts.com

Livos Phytochemistry, (508) 477-7955 or www.livos.com


related patterns

S7, M1, H4, H6, H7, W3, L3, L5, L7, L11

M13

Recommendations:

1. Select paints with low or no VOCs.

2. Do not select paints with formaldehydes and heavy metals.

3. In older buildings, be cautious of existing lead paint. Self-testing kits are available, or testing

companies can determine if existing paints are hazardous and can direct you in the proper handling or

removal procedures. See regulations CAL-OSHA, USEPA, etc, websites and advisory hotlines are

available. A list of certified testing labs is available from the local health department.

4. Chemically sensitive people may still react to natural paints.

5. Dispose of used paints at the Hazardous Waste collection center on the UCSB campus. Contact the

Community Environmental Council for information on materials accepted and hours of operation (805

963-0583).

6. Never pour any paint down sink drains or street gutters.


35/46

Millwork

Sustainably harvestedwood products

should be used. Look and ask for the

FSC certification at your local

Lumberyard.

Medium density fiberboard(MDF) is a

stable and economical material made of

wood fibers compressed together. This

material works well for paint grade

applications and is available in many

historic moldings.

Reclaimedwood that has been removed

from existing buildings is a sustainable

alternative to virgin lumber. This can be

obtained at salvage yards and materials

exchange programs.

Finger-jointedwood for use when the

trim is to be painted. This wood uses

small scrap pieces of wood and joins

them to create straighter solid pieces of

wood.

Non-wood polystyrenetrim and formed

polymer resincan be custom cut to any

shape. This material exists on many

buildings in Santa Barbara as a base for

decorative exterior moldings. These

products can be used on the interior as

well, they do not splinter, are often

lighter than wood, and are not subject to

insects and decay.

Cabinetry

Medium Density Fiberboard(MDF) is a

stable material made of wood fibers

compressed together. Medite

Corporation is one brand of

particleboard that uses a non-toxic

binder.

Agricultural composite boardare

made from agriculture by-products such

as wheat, straw, and sunflower seed

husks. They are non-toxic, use emissionfree binding agents, are lighter in weight

than wood particleboard, and meet or

exceed the standards for highest grade

particleboard.

MATERIALS: INTERIOR

MILLWORK & CABINETRY


Reclaimed wo

that has bee

removed from

existing buildinga sustainable

alternative to vi

lumber.

M14

Trim has typically been made of traditionally harvested solid wood. Today other options

are available. These include:


36/46

Certified hardwood veneer panelstypically

use a wheatboard core and panel veneers

made from certified sustainably harvested

sources.

Bamboois a quickly regenerating weed that

is both durable and beautiful. Cabinetry can

be made from bamboo plywood sheets.

Bamboo is cost competitive as a flooring

material, but somewhat more costly as a

sheet materials.



1. Medium density fiberboard:Saroyan Lumber Company (323) 589-5704

Medite Division of SierraPine Ltd, Roseville (800) 676-3339

2. Reclaimed wood:

BDs Enterprises, Oxnard (805) 984-2842


Habitat for Humanity ReStore, Oxnard (805) 485-6065

3. Polystyrene trim and formed polymer resin:

HydroFoam, Santa Barbara (805) 886-1123

Higgins Lumber, Santa Maria (800) 241-1883

4. AgriBoard:

LivinGreen, Santa Barbara (805) 966-1319

United Board Group (manufacturer), (701) 642-9700

5. Certified hardwood veneer panels:

Architectural Forest Enterprises (manufacturer), San Francisco (800) 483-6337

6. Bamboo:

LivinGreen (805) 966-1319


related patterns

M1, H4, H6, W2, L3, L6, L10

M14


37/46

Fabrics

Hempfabrics are an alternative to cotton

and linen. Hemp grows very quickly,

requires no pesticides or fertilizers and

replenishes rather than depletes the soil.

Compared to cotton fibers, hemp fibers

are stronger, more lustrous and are

more mildew resistant. The product is

versatile and can be woven as a sturdy

upholstery or even a sheer window

covering. Selection and availability is

limited.

Organic cottonis grown without the use

of pesticides or chemical fertilizers, in

fertile soils that are kept healthy through

composting and crop rotation. Because

it is produced on a smaller scale, the

fabric is more expensive and fewer color

options are available.

Natural color cottonis naturally

pigmented and does not require

bleaching or dying. Colors range from

shades of brown or reddish brown to

green and yellow.

Green cottonis a marketing term that is

used to describe cotton that has not

been bleached, but is grown in the

conventional manner. It does not have

the environmental benefits of organic

cotton.

Ramiecomes from a linen-like plant and

when combined with wool, is used in

environmentally preferred commercial

fabrics. It is one of the strongest natural

fibers and exhibits even greater strength

when wet.

MATERIALS: INTERIOR

FABRICS, WINDOW AND WALL COVERINGS


Hemp grows v

quickly, require

pesticides or

fertilizers anreplenishes rat

than depletes t

soil .

M15

Everything we add to our buildings has a potential effect on the health of the occupants.

Fabrics on pillows, bedding, and furniture as well as our window and wall coverings

should be a concern. Products not made from petroleum-based resources create the

healthiest interior environment.


38/46

Synthetic fabrics, made of 100 percent

post-consumer or post-industrial materia,

can be used in green commercial interiors.

These fabrics are made with increasingly

sustainable manufacturing processes and

produce a high quality product that is

recyclable or compostable after its useful

life. The fabrics are certified by an

independent environmental institution and

are available through local fabric and

upholstery stores.

Window Coverings

Bamboo window shadesare a natural

product that offers good sun protection.

They are available in many different styles

and looks.

Natural cottonfabrics can be used for

window shades as well. These fabrics are

available from most window treatment

retailers.

NOTE: Consult with your interior designer

regarding availability of these and other

environmentally preferable fabrics.

Wall Coverings

Consider natural wall coverings that contain

grasses, bamboo, recycled wood, paper

and/or cotton and silk fibers. Wall coverings

should be avoided if possible due to

potential off-gassing from petroleum basedproducts and glues used in their

manufacture.



1. Natural and organic fabrics:


Real Goods Catalog (800) 762-7325

Harmony Catalog (800) 869-3446

Foxfire colored cotton, www.foxfibre.com

2. Websites for green commercial fabrics:

www.greendesign.net/bcnews/julaug96/greenfab.htm

www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~ohioline/hyg-fact/5000/5501.html

3. Bamboo shades:

Smith and Noble is a mail order catalog that offers some varieties (877) 484-5801

See also www.1stblinds.com

4. Natural wall coverings:

LivinGreen (805.966-1319).

Design Materials, Inc (No-flame Sisal wallcoverings) (800) 654-6451

Organic Cotton Wallpaper ( San Diego) (619) 338-9432


related patterns

E2, H4, L10, L11

M15


39/46

Flooring Options

Bare concrete slabsoffer multiple

benefits. They provide durable, easily

cleaned surfaces, and are a great

source of thermal mass. They can also

be beautiful finished floors. If left

exposed, slabs should be sealed.

Concrete slabs can be colored, scored

and textured to create interesting

patterns and combine well with radiant

floor heating systems.

Natural stoneorrecycled glass tiles

are excellent choices for durable low

maintenance flooring. Use low-toxic

grouts, mortars, adhesives and sealers

to get the most out of this healthy

product. Tile flooring is another excellent

choice for thermal mass.

Bio-compositeflooring is composed of

natural ingredients such as soybeans

and agriculture by-products. No

petroleum-based binders are used and

there is no formaldehyde off gassing. It

is durable, 1.5x the hardness of oak,

and easy to maintain. It may be polished

and patterned. Can be used on either

floors or countertops.

Lightweight concretecan be

manufactured in variety of colors and

almost any additional material can be

added to the mix, for texture. The

material is then ground smooth for a

look much like terrazzo. Can be used on

either floors or countertops.

Terrazzois a highly durable surface that

can be textured with different colors and

can be cast in almost any floor design.

This material was popular in the 50s

and the 60s and can still be found in the

occasional storefront entry way. This

product is essentially a concrete that

has been ground and polished.

MATERIALS: HARD FLOORING


Bio-composit

flooring is comp

of natural

ingredients such

soybeans and

agriculture by

products.

M16

Flooring in our buildings can have a dramatic affect on the health of our indoor

environment. Flooring is subject to an enormous amount of impact, so durability is a key

issue. We should also choose flooring that is resource efficient, and does not use chemicals

that off gas.


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Terratileis a handmade cast-in-place

product consisting of clay soil and Portland

cement. This product is poured in place and

stamped to look like tile or can be finished in

other textures. Color can be modified by

varying the soil ratio mix. This flooring is

durable, natural and has a high thermal

capacity, but should be finished with

products that allow vapor transpiration while

remaining waterproof.

Royal peasantfloors (also refered to as

cob) can be created using readily available,

natural materials. Made of sand, clay and

fermented diced straw, it is soft, durable,

economical and can be applied over slab or

wood subfloor. It has great thermal capacity

as well and should be finished with natural

oils or waxes.

Woodfloors are durable, aesthetically

pleasing and easy to maintain. There are

many sustainable options:

- Reclaimed wood flooring is economical

but often needs a glued installation.

- Sustainably harvested wood flooring.

- Bamboo flooring is hard, durable and

looks like wood, but being a grass, is fast

growing and quickly renewable.



1. Natural and recycled tiles:

Sandhill Industries, (907) 451-6508 or www.sandhill.com

The National Terrazzo & Mosaic Association, Inc. www.ntma.com

Terragreen, www.terragreencaramics.com


2. Reclaimed wood:


VCMAX Ventura County Material Exchange, www.rain/~swmd/vcmax

3. For information on bamboo as a building material: Bamboo Style Living with Bamboo Indoors & Outdoors ,

available through Gibbs Smith Publishers, (800) 748-5439 or www.gibbs-smith.com


related patterns

H1, H4, H6, W1, W2, W3, W4, L1, L6, L10

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Carpet options:

Recycled-content carpetis now made

from plastic bottles, wool or cotton, as

well as used carpet. These carpets are

often more stain resistant than

conventional nylon carpet, and save

resources by diverting waste from

landfills.

Carpet tilesare available for

commercial use. These allow for easy

replacement of small worn or damaged

areas or placement swapping with

lesser-traveled swatches.

Carpet leasingis another commercial

option that requires manufacturers to

carry responsibility for maintenance,

replacement and recycling after use.

Sisal, coir,jute, seagrassand woolare

rapidly renewable materials available for

use in mats or carpets. They are strong,

durable, and do not require pesticides or

fertilizers to grow. The benefit of using

mats is that they can be easily removed

for more thorough cleaning.

Carpet pad and underlayments:

Recycled-content paddingmay

contain tire rubber, textiles, or foam,

which diverts materials destined for

landfills. It can be used in both interior

and exterior floorings. Such

underlayments are dense, durable, and

have a long life expectancy. Be aware of

potential off gassing, as there are

associated health risks.

Durable flooring options:

Natural Linoleumis comprised of cork,

wood fiber and linseed oil. It is a durable

product, lasting 40 years or more and is

available in a variety of colors. It is

abrasion resistant, thus reducing the

need for frequent replacement, and it

outlasts vinyl flooring by 15 to 25 years.

Corkis a lightweight, fire resistant,

moisture and rot resistant flooring

material that is also a great sound

insulator. Choose sustainably harvested

cork with no toxic finishes.

MATERIALS: FLOOR COVERING


Recycled carp

are often mor

stain resistant t

conventional ny

carpet and sa

resources by

diverting was

from landfills

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Floor coverings are available today that are manufactured from a range of recycled and

non-toxic materials. Carpet traps dust, molds, bacteria and needs frequent replacement.

Moreover, used carpet accounts for a large percentage of waste in our landfills and some

synthetic carpets can take more than 100 years to biodegrade, if at all.


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Vinyl/Rubberflooring is made mostly of

PVC. Though manufacture of these

products is extremely toxic, rubber flooring

is often made from recycled tires and makes

for a durable floor. Off gassing is associated

with both of these products and therefore

installation areas should be well ventilated.



1. Natural carpet sources:

Naturlich/Natural Home, Sebastol (707) 824-0914

Interface (800) 336-0225

Milliken Carpet (800) 241-4826

Dupont Carpet Reclamation (800) 328-7719

Natural Floorcoverings (707) 824-0914), www.naturalhomeproducts.com

2. Recycled carpet padding sources:

Dura Undercushions, Ltd (800) 295-4126

Reliance Carpet Cushion Division in Oakland manufactures carpet pads made from pre-consumer textile

waste fibers and recycled carpet fibers (800) 533-5908

3. Durable flooring sources:

Forbo Industries (natural linoleum), (800) 342-0604

Dodge-Regupol (cork and vinyl), (800) 322-1923 or www.regupal.com

Natural Cork, (800) 404-2675 or www.naturalcork.com


related patterns

H4, H6, W2, W4, L1, L2, L3, L11

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Site

Recycled rubberproducts make use of

millions of used tires deposited in

landfills every year. Presently, recycled

rubber is used most commonly for the

tire stops that are found in many parking

lots. This product is easily installed with

hammered stakes and takes the place of

heavy concrete stops. Some

manufacturers also offer speed bumps

and dock bumpers made from the same

recycled material.

Permeable pavingsystems are

available that allow water to stay on siterather than flow to our streets and

ultimately to the ocean.

Fencing & Poles

Bamboo, a non-wood substitute that is

actually a weed, is a strong product that

is resistant to decay, and can be

assembled in a variety of ways.

Plastic lumber

Plastic lumberpieces can be used for

furniture and fence designs, but because

of their high weight and low strength;

conventional lumber is required for the

structural systems when they are used

on decks. These products can also be

used for railing, fencing and landscape

edging if the correct support structure is

constructed.

Plastic compositemembers have been

developed to take the place of wood for

outdoor decks. Decks constructed from

plastic composite never need sanding,finishing or sealing and do not give off

splinters. They are durable and come in

a variety of textures, colors and material

composition.

MATERIALS: MISCELANEOUS BUILDING

ELEMENTS & OPPORTUNITIES


Locally and

statewide there

material exchan

programs that mhave the very

products you a

looking for.

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There are a variety of products available that aim to reduce our use of resources and

make use of waste otherwise headed for our landfills. Locally and statewide there are

material exchange programs that may have the very products you are looking for. The Santa

Barbara News Press contains a material exchange section, every Wednesday in the

Classifieds. Sponsored by the Santa Barbara Contractors Association and The Sustainability

Project, listings are free. In Ventura, VCMAX, the Ventura County Material Exchange

program, offers a variety of materials ( 805) 684-9226, www.rain.org/~swmd/vcmax).

CALMAX is a statewide material exchange program. Call (916) 255-2369 to request a

catalog, or visit their website at www.ciwmb.ca.gov/calmax.


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Interior Partition Walls

Demountable partitionsare an alternative

to framed stud walls in interior office

environments. These walls come in sectionswith gypsum board on each side of a steel

channel structure. The panels are easily

moved and installed in top and bottom

tracks fastened to the floor and ceiling.

Manufacturers offer the walls in different

textures and colors, but they can also be

painted. The benefits are speed of

installation and ease of relocation.

Sound & Tack Boards

Homesoteis a 100 percent recycled product

made of recycled waste paper. It is

formaldehyde free and is designed for useas a carpet underlayment for sound

deadening but may be used as a tackboard

on vertical surfaces as well.



1. Bamboo:

Available through LivinGreen (805) 966-1319

2. Plastic lumber:

Trex (800) 289-8739

Hayward Lumber (carries bothTrex and Nexwood plastic lumber) (805) 963-1881

3. Recycled rubber:

Scientific Developments, Inc. (800) 824-6853

4. Permeable paving:

Air Vol, San Luis Obispo (805) 543-1314

5. Demountable partitions:

USG (714) 978-0901

Pacific Acoustics North (805) 963-1538

6. Homesote (manufacturer), (800) 257-9491


related patterns

S7, H4, H6, W2, W4, L5, L6

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Green Building Materials Resources Generalhttp://www.oikios.com

Oikos offers a vast amount of information on environmentally responsible building construction. The site

includes a database of 1800 green building materials and a book store. This is an excellent site for

finding specific building materials.

http://www.greenbuilder.com

Online collections of information on alternative building techniques, materials and assistance. Contains

the city of Austins green builder program, Sustainable Building Sourcebook.

http://www.greenguide.com

Database of green building materials. This site is geared towards architects, builders and other design

and building professionals.

http://www.buildingforhealth.com

Healthy, environmental building materials, appliances and home comforts.

http://www.ioa.com/~shelterecology

Environmentally safe building and interior products/services

http://www.healthyhome.com

Natural and non-toxic materials for building/remodeling

Materials Resources Materials Exchanges

CALMAX

California Materials Exchange, (877) 520-9703 or www.ciwmb.ca.gov/calmax

Lists materials in a monthly publication that is distributed statewide and on-line.

Habitat for Humanity ReStore Ventura, (805) 485-6065 or www.habitat.org

Accepts donations of building materials of all kinds. Resold items profit Habitat for Humanitys housing

program for low income families. All donations are tax deductible. Retail facility is open on weekends

only.

Santa Barbara News Press Building Materials Exchange, (805) 963-4391 or FAX (805) 966-1421

Sponsored by the Santa Barbara County Contractors Association and TSP, building materials can be

listed for free and are advertised in a column in the classified section every Wednesday.

BDs Enterprises, (805) 984-2842 or [email protected]

Salvaged wood broker. Links used lumber sellers with buyers, preventing the need for material storageand marketing. Fees range widely, with the opportunity for profit with unique or quality materials.

RESOURCES

MR


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