“3GPP – OVERVIEW”

Virendra A. UppalwarM. Tech (Electronics & Comm Engineering)

virendrauppalwar@gmail.com

“What is 3GPP ? ” 3GPP Stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

The 3GPP is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations, known as the Organizational Partners.

Contribution driven companies participate in 3GPP through their membership of one of these “Organizational Partners”.

Currently more than 350 Individual Members (Operators, Vendors, Regulators) 14 Market Representation Partners (giving perspectives on market needs and drivers).

The Partners are Standards Developing Organizations like ARIB & TTC - Japan, ETSI - Europe ATIS - USA, TTA - Korea CCSA - China, TSDSI – India

“3GPP Organization Structure”

. Project Coordination Group

TSG RANRadio Access N/W

RAN1Radio Layer 1

RAN2Radio Layer2/3

RAN3Access I/F

RAN4Radio Performance

RAN5Conformance Test

TSG SASystem Architecture

SA1Services

SA2Architecture/Stage2

SA3Security

SA4Codec

SA5O&M, Charging

TSG CTCore Network &Terminal

CT1NAS (UE-MME I/f)

CT3Network I/F to out

CT4Network I/F in 3GPP

CT6UICC I/F

Smart Card Appl.

TSG GERANGSM/EDGE RAN

GERAN1PHY

GERAN2Layer2/3, Access I/F

GERAN3Conformance Test

“The Way of Working” 3GPP is not constrained to 3rd Generation. It includes work on both 2nd and 4th generation

technologies.

New work initiated by member companies via Work Items outlining scope and time plan.

Work Items prioritised if all estimated work cannot be done by the scheduled release deadline.

All 3GPP member companies contributes on equal terms on any work item.

3GPP seeks consensus on all technical matters (but has mechanisms if consensus cannot be reached).

Release deadline respected, unfinished work deferred to a later release

3GPP Membership is now at an all-time high, with 387 Individual members. In addition, there are 17 companies having Guest Status, which are potential IMs of the future.

Growth in 3GPP Company Membership:• 380 Companies• 150 meetings/year (incl. W/Gs)• 39 Countries

“3GPP – Technology”

3GPP has the following technologies –

GSM : Global System for Mobile GSM. GPRS : General Packet Radio Service. EDGE : Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution. WCDMA : Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. HSPA : High Speed Packet Access. LTE : Long Term Evolution. LTE - A : Long Term Evolution-Advanced.

“ What does 3GPP specify ”

3GPP Specified Radio Interfaces

2G radio : GSM, GPRS, EDGE 3G radio : WCDMA, HSPA, LTE 4G radio : LTE Advanced

3GPP Core Network

2G/3G : GSM core network 3G/4G : Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

3GPP Service Layer

GSM services IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Multimedia Telephony (MMTEL) Support of Messaging and other OMA functionality Emergency services and public warning Etc.

“General Directions of 3GPP Evolution”

.Sr. No. Radio Interfaces IP Core Network Service Layer

1. Higher Data Throughput Support of non-3GPP Accesses

More IMS Applications & IMS

2. Lower Latency Packet Only Support MBMS,PSS, mobile TV

3. More Spectrum Flexibility

Improved Security Greater session continuity

4. Improved CAPEX and OPEX

Greater Device Diversity LegacyInterworking (Incl. GELTE)

“3GPP standards are structured as Releases”.Sr. No. Version Released year Information

1. Phase 1 1992 GSM Features introduced

2. Release 96/97 1997/98 GSM Features. 14.4 kbit/s User Data Rate. GPRS

3. Release 98 1999 GSM Features, AMR, EDGE, GPRS for PCS1900

4. Release 99 2000 W-CDMA - Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, Incorporating a CDMA air interface

“3GPP standards are structured as Releases”

.Sr. No.

Version Released Year Information

5. Release 4 2001

C-Plane/U-Plane splits on CS Network. Originally called the Release 2000. added features including an all-IP Core Network, MMS, Call & Bearer Separation for CS, TDD – 1.28Mcps, DL- 384kbps (typ.), UL-128kbps (typ.), Round Trip ~ 150ms.

6. Release 5 2002

Introduced IMS : SIP & IP v6 (stage I), IP transport in UTRAN, WCDMA IN 1800 &1900 Band, HSDPA, HSPA – DL.

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Sr. No. Version Released Year Information

7. Release 6 2005

Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA. HSPA – UL. IMS (Stage-II) MBMS (Initial Stage) enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC) GAN, VoIP (Stage-I) DL- 14Mbps (peak) UL- 5.7Mbps (peak) Round Trip < 100ms

8. Release 7 2008

MMTel HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access Evolution) MIMO , 16QAM UL / 64QAM DL Higher Order Modulation & Focuses on decreasing latency Improvements to QoS & real-time applications such as VoIP. Near Field Communication (NFC) EDGE evolution VoIP (Stage -II) Node B – RNC function DL-28Mbps (peak), UL-11Mbps (peak) Round Trip < 50ms

“ Release 8 focused on ….

It ensure the continuity of competitiveness of the 3G system for the future

Provide solution for user demand for higher data rates and quality of services

Introduced Packet Switching optimised system

Focused on Continued demand for cost reduction i.e. capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX)

Improved work on Low complexity

Avoid unnecessary fragmentation of technologies for paired and unpaired band operation

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Sr. No.

Version Released year

Information

9. Release 8 2009

LTE Introduced, OFDMA, EPC, ETWS-I LTE : DL-302Mbps (peak) ,UL- 75Mbps (peak) MIMO – DL : 4X4 , UL : 2X2 Support of variable bandwidth • 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz HSPA+ : DL- 42 Mbps(peak), UL-11 Mbps(peak) Round Trip ~ 10ms HeNB / CSG Support User Mobility – 350 km/hr Modulation - QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM. UL – DFTS-OFDMA, DL- OFDMA DFTS‐OFDM(“Single‐Carrier FDMA”) in Uplink • Low PAPR (minimum power consumption) • User orthogonality in frequency domain FDD and TDD within a single radio access technology UMTS Femtocell SRVCC (basic) – one way HO of a single active speech session from PS to CS domain. Advance Receiver for LTE with – MMSE – Maximum Mean Square Error MRC – Maximal Ratio Combiner

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Sr. No.

Version Released year Information

9. Release 8

2009

Very low latency • Short setup time & Short transfer delay • Short HO latency and interruption time • Short TTI, RRC procedure, Simple RRC states• Link Layer < 5ms• Handoff < 50 ms High spectral efficiency • OFDM in Downlink • Robust against multipath interference • High affinity to advanced techniques – Frequency domain channel‐dependent scheduling – MIMO Simple Architecture • eNodeB as the only E‐UTRAN node • Smaller number of RAN interfaces • eNodeB ↔ MME/SAE‐Gateway(S1) • eNodeB ↔ eNodeB(X2)

Security – Common IMS Security, IMS Media Security, SAE/LTE Security, non-3GPP access to EPC, Home eNodeB Security.

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Sr. No. Version Released year Information

9. Release 8 2009

Simple protocol architecture • Shared channel based • PS mode only with VoIP (80 users per sector/Mhz FDD) capability

Compatibility and inter‐working with earlier 3GPP Releases Inter‐working with other systems, e.g. cdma2000

Efficient Multicast/Broadcast • Single frequency network by OFDM Support of Self‐Organising Network (SON) operation : - Self Establishment of enodeB - Automatic Neighbor Relations.

Inter Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Discontinuous Reception (DRX) significantly reduces battery consumptionsupported in all common and dedicated states.

“ Release 9 focused on ….

Focus on improvement in LTE specially in VoLTE Improvement in SON technique is essential for smart LTE Improved SRVCC for better Handover User Data Convergence Services for simplified network topology and interfaces

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Sr. No. Version Released year

Information

10. Release 9 2010

LTE Improved, VoLTE TDD, FDD Support of variable bandwidth • 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz PWS – Public Warning System

MIMO enhanced LCS - Location Services (positioning using OTDOA ) LTE Femtocell

Proximity Indication – New RRC Uplink Message

Physical Cell Identification Confusion Resolved

MBMS Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) transmission.

Dual Carrier HSUPA, Dual Band HSDPA

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Sr. No. Version Released year Information

10. Release 9 2010

UDC – User Data Convergence (Stage I - Service requirement for the User Data Convergence) :• Simplifies the overall network topology and interfaces• Overcomes the data capacity bottleneck of a single entry point• Avoids data duplication and inconsistency• Reduces CAPEX and OPEX. SRVCC – • Supplementary Service – Continuation of Supplementary Service when the UE goes through the SRVCC Handover.• Emergency – SRVCC Handover for IMS emergency sessions.

SON Improvement -• Mobility Robust Optimization • RACH Optimization • Mobility Load Balancing (MLB)• Inter enodeB Energy Saving

.Sr. No. Version Released year Information

10. Release 9 2010

CMAS – Commercial Mobile Alert System

MSR - Multi – Standard Radio

CSBF –

MAPCON – Multi Access PDN Connectivity (stage I) - It support to network and the UE can only support 3GPP access based connection via EPC.

Security – Unsolicited Communication, IMS Media Security, Backhaul Link Security, Emergency Call in LTE, Key A5/4, HNB & HeNB Security.

“ Release 10 focused on …

Introduced as a LTE Advance basically research based on VoIP. Focus on improvement in career aggregation for existing and future frequency band also. Enhancement of Self Organizing Network. Research focused on Security of a LTE system.

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Sr. No.

Version Released year

Information

10. Release 10 2011

LTE Advance, MTC enhancement, VoIP

Career Aggregation - allow aggregation of not only the existing bands, but also bands that are introduced in future

HeNB Mobility enhance Relay Technology CS Fallback NIMTC -  Network Improvements for Machine Type Communications – (Stage I) e- MPS – Enhanced Multimedia Priority Services. e- ICIC - Inter-cell interference coordination e-MIMO – DL - 8X8 MIMO, UL - 4X4 MIMO Duplex Mode – FDD & TDD Channel Bandwidth – 1.4,3,5,10,15,20 Mhz Latency - Link Layer < 5ms, Handoff < 50 ms VoIP – Greater than 80 users per sector/Mhz FDD

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Sr. No. Version Released year Information

10. Release 10 2010

DL – OFDMA , 1Gbps, 4x4 MIMO UL- SC-OFDMA, 300Mbps, 2x4 MIMO at 20Mhz FDD.

User Mobility – 320 km/hr• 100 Mbps high mobility• 1Gbps low mobility

aSRVCC – • PS & CS Access Transfer of Media of an IM session in alerting phase.

eSRVCC - • Various SRVCC enhancement in the network, no impact on the UE.

MDT - Minimization of drive test

MAPCON – Multi Access PDN Connectivity support to multiple Packet Data Networks (PDN) connections for a device.

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Sr. No. Version Released year

Information

10. Release 10 2010

e-SON – Self Organizing Network e- MLB -Enhanced Mobility Load Balancing • Improving reliability of MLB in intra-LTE scenarios• Improving functionality of the MLB in inter-RAT scenarios. CCO - Coverage and Capacity Optimization • Priority 1: coverage problems, e.g. coverage holes• Priority 2: capacity problems

e- MRO- Mobility Robustness Optimization enhancements The use case is to enable detection and to provide tools for possible correction of following problems:

• Connection failures in inter-RAT environment: Priority 1: at HOs from LTE to UMTS/GSM Priority 2: at HOs from UMTS/GSM to LTE

.Sr. No. Version Released

yearInformation

10. Release 10 2010

• Obtaining UE measurements in case of unsuccessful re-establishment after connectionfailure• Ping-pongs in idle mode (inter-RAT and intra-LTE environment)• Ping-pongs in active mode (inter-RAT)• HO to wrong cell (in intra-LTE environment) that does not cause connection failure 

Security – Alignment of Certificate’s IPsec and TLS usage, Relay Mode Security, Key EEA3/EIA3, UTRAN key Hierarchy.

Release 11

3GPP Rel-11 standards for HSPA+ and LTE-Advanced were frozen in December 2012 with the core network protocols stable in December 2012 and Radio Access Network (RAN) protocols stable in March 2013.

“ Release 11 focused on….

Service level aspects for direct IP inter-connection between Operators, service level aspects for national transit IP interconnect and service level aspects for next generation corporate network IP interconnect (peer-to-peer business trunking)

Service layer aspects for interconnection of voice services (e.g. toll-free, premium rate and emergency calls)

Service level aspects for IP Interconnection (service control and user plane aspects) between Operators and 3rd party Application Providers

M2M Technology

Specifically the work covered in release 11 is as follows -

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Sr. No. Version Released year

Information

10. Release 11 2013

Career Aggregation enhancement –DL intra band non contiguous Wi-Fi Integration e- PDCCH - Enhanced Physical Control Channel HNB & HeNB : Mobility enhancement Service Continuity for eMBMS

FeICIC - Further enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination • For non CA based deployment• At the transmitter side in DL – Combination of ABS (almost blank sub-frame)+ Power Reductionat the Receiver side in DL.

Advance LTE-A Receiver with –• MMSE – IRC Interference rejection combining • CRS - Cancellation Interference Cancellation receivers.

.Sr. No. Version Released

yearInformation

10. Release 11 2013

EU Alert – European Public Warning System• The EU-Alert is introduced under Public Warning System (PWS) in parallel with Earthquake & Tsunami Warning System (ETWS II). • PWS- Blocked here in release 11.• In fact, EU-Alert is sent as part of the Cell Broadcast Message (CBS) using new identifiers

eDDA – Enhance Device Detection Application Network Based Positioning v- SRVCC – Video Single Radio Voice Call Continuity• SRVCC for video call r- SRVCC – Reverse Single Radio Voice Call Continuity• Reverse SRVCC HO from CS fall to PS ESON – Enhanced Self Organizing Network• Network Energy Saving • Enhanced MDT• Further SON enhancement

ESM - Energy Savings Management

.Sr. No. Version Released

year Information

10. Release 11 2013

IMS - IP Multimedia Systems • IMS based Peer-to-Peer Content Distribution Services.• Identifying the user cases to describe how users, operators and service providers will benefit by using/deploying IMS based content distribution services. • such as with the improvement of Peer-to-Peer technology. • The following shall be considered:• Mobile access only (e.g. UTRAN, E-UTRAN)• Fixed access only (e.g. xDSL, LAN)• Identifying QoS, mobility, charging and security related requirements in the case of content distribution services on IMS.•Identifying potential copyright issues

UICC/USIM enhancements• To identify use cases and requirements for new USIM based services taking into account the GSMA Smart SIM deliverables

.Sr. No. Version Released year

Information

10. Release 11 2013

QoS SSL - Quality of Service based on Subscriber Spending Limits • Service aspects : Charging and billing• Modification of QoS based on subscriber’s spending limits• Enforcing of spending limits for roaming subscribers without having dedicated support in the visited network

NOVES - Non Emergency Services• SMS for Emergency purposes and eCall 3GPP has looked at non-voice alternatives for Emergency purposes.

Cell_FACH enhancement – Cell_FACH to LTE Mobility• This expectation that the UEs may stay longer in the Cell_FACH state is in turn motivating the mobility from Cell_FACH state to LTE proposal.

Sr. No. Version Released year

Information

10. Release 11 2013

MTC - Machine Type Communication • Effectively identify addressing method to be used for end point devices• Effectively route messaging between those devices• Support multiple methods for delivering messages, as defined by 22.368• Support land-based and wireless connectivity• Make use of IP-based network architectures• Addressing/identifiers must support mobility and roaming• Support on high speed packet• Switched networks when available and on circuit-switched networks• Consider if there are security issues associated with any alternatives. Security – IMS Security : Continuation on unsolicited Communication, IMS Media Security for non RTP Media.Access Security : PWS Security, Security Aspects for Machine type Communication.

Release 12 3GPP started work on Rel-12 in December 2012 and an 18-month timeframe for completion was planned. The work continues into 2014 and areas that are still incomplete are carefully noted in the report.  Work will be ratified by June 2014 with the exception of RAN protocols which will be finalized by September 2014. The motivation behind the release 12 is as follows. Capacity increase to cope with traffic explosion Energy saving Cost efficiency Support for diverse application and traffic types Higher user experience/data rate Backhaul enhancement

“ Release 12 focused on….

It focus on network and services enhancements for MTC, public safety and Wi-Fi integration, system capacity and stability, Web Real-Time Communication, further network energy savings, multimedia and Policy and Charging Control framework.

Multiuser MIMO technology makes it possible to raise wireless transmission speed by increasing the number of antennas at the base station, without consuming more frequency bandwidth or increasing modulation multiple-values & DIDO (Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output).

.Sr. No. Version Released year

Information

11. Release 12 2015

Proe, GCSE E4C’s- Enhancement in Coverage, Coordination, Cost and Capacity• User plane congestion (UPCON)• Core Network Overload (FS_CNO)• HetNet Coordination D2D –Device to Device FDD / TDD CA Wi-Fi Integration Multi-acces - operators can influence the selection Dual-stack IPv4/v6 connectivity Network initiated QoS, PCC Various ways to combine or split traffic off inside the network

• Local IP Access (LIPA)• Selective IP Traffic Offloading (SIPTO)• WLAN offloading

IP Multimedia Subsystem - eIMS Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) Network Sharing

.Sr. No. Version Released year

Information

11. Release 12 201

LTE Multi-Antenna/site technologies such as:

• 3D MIMO/beam-forming to allow beam control in both horizontal and vertical directions

Active Antena System Spatial Multiplexing SON – Self Organizing Network• LTE – HRPD SON• EMBMS MDT Small Cell Enhancements like Macrocell, Picocell and Femtocell. Public Safety and Critical Communications Enhance Security Procedure

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Designed by : Virendra Uppalwar