INTRODUCTION

1G TECHNOLOGY

2G TECHNOLOGY

MODELS OF 1G & 2G

2.5 TECHNOLOGY

3G TECHNOLOGY

4G TECHNOLOGY

3G vs. 4G

WIRELESS MOBILES OF 3G & 4G

ESTIMATION OF GLOBAL WIRELESS SUBSCRIBER GROWTH

WHAT IS WIRELESS ?

The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ” .

In networking terminology , wireless is the term used to

describe any computer network where there is no physical

wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the

network is connected by radio waves and or microwaves to

maintain communications.

The First generation of wireless telecommunication

technology is known as 1G was introduced in 1980’s in

Japan.

Features:-

Using Analog signals

Listen to handset

Frequency is 150MHz & above

Poor voice quality

Poor battery life

Large phone size

No security

Frequent call drops

Limited capacity and poor handoff

2G phones using global system for mobile communications

(GSM) were first used in the early 1990’s in Europe. GSM

provides voice and limited data services and uses digital

modulation for improved audio quality. Digital AMPS ,

CDMA were some of the 2G systems.

•SMS

•Fax

• 2 Dimensional

The GSM is a circuit switched , connection oriented

technology, where the end systems are dedicated for the entire

call session.

This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth and

resources.The GSM enabled systems do not support high data

rates. They are unable to handle complex data such as video.

Reduce range of sound.

Weaker digital signal.

1G WIRELESS SYSTEMS 2G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

An interim stage that is taken between 2G and

3G that is 2.5G

Features includes:-

o Phone calls/ Fax

o Voice mail

o Send/Receive e-mail messages

o web browsing

o camera phones

o speed: 64-144 kb/sec

o Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min

To meet the growing demand in network

capacity, rates required for high speed data

transfer and multimedia applications, 3G

standards started evolving.

It is based on the International

Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of

standards.

3G technologies enable network operators to

offer users a wider range of more advanced

services.

Services include wide-area wireless voice

telephony, video-calls and broadband wireless

data , all in a mobile environment.

The data are sent through the technology

called Packet switching.

Phone calls/ fax

Global roaming

Send/receive large email messages

High speed web

Navigation / maps

Video conferencing

TV streaming

Speed: 200 kb/sec-2mb/sec

Time to download a 3 min MP3 song:

11 sec-1.5 min

Music is an important mobile

content category.

Mobiles can’t compete with Ipods

etc.

True mobility immediate & direct

access to downloadable music,with

no cables or PC.

Not simply rebroadcast of TV or

website.

Enhanced existing service for mobile

environment.

Multi-faceted – 24*7 access to multiple

live streams , video , image & text

content , messaging.

User interaction on multiple levels.

Fully integrated in browser – one click

access.

New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding

in existing systems.

More bandwidth , security & reliability.

High data rates.

Rich multimedia services.

Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.

Numerous differences in the licensing terms.

It is a challenge to build the necessary

infrastructure for 3G

Expense of 3G phones .

Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G

wireless services.

Features:-Faster and more reliable – 100 Mbps

Lower cost than previous generations.

Multi-standard wireless system

- Bluetooth , Wifi

Coverage of wide area.

Wide Variety of services capability.

Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.

OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple access)

and MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA

spread spectrum radio technology.

Video streaming , TV broadcast

Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports

Enhanced gaming , chat , location services…

High speed Tele-working / VPN access

Sales force automation

Video conferencing

Real-time financial information demonstration

High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any

technology.

Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.

Higher bandwidth

Tight network security.

The equipment required to implement a next generation

network is still very expensive.

Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure

that expenses are kept realistic.

Except for the Scandinavian Countries (Northern Europe that includes

Denmark and two of the nations of Scandinavian , Norway and

Sweden. ), a few countries have started the 4G commercially.

In the US, Sprint Nextel and Others Germany , Spain, China , Japan

and England are also using the 4G services and mobiles .

Specifications 3G 4G

Frequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz

Band width 5-20 MHz 5-20 MHz

Data rate upto 2 Mbps 20 Mbps or more

Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet

Top speeds 200kmph 200kmph

3G MOBILE SYSTEM 4G MOBILE SYSTEM

Made by my

students of BSCS24M2

Best wishes for them