3-D cave mapping in the paleokarst region of Batu Katak in ... · Why Batu Katak? 3-D cave mapping...
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Why Batu Katak? 3-D cave mapping in the paleokarst region of Batu Katak in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia Angel A. Acosta-Colón 1 , Benny X. Bonet-Santiago 2 , Ruddy Anto Sinulingga 3 , Sedarta Sitepu 3 1 Physics and Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, Arecibo, PR ([email protected]) 2 Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, PR ([email protected]) 3 Harimau Conservation, San Juan, PR The Batu Katak village in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia lies in a karst forest. A group of scientists from the University of Puerto Rico with Harimau Conservation Organization explored the karst forest to find caves as a conservation action to protect the region and its geological importance. The unprotected karst forest is located next to the Gunung Leuser National Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site). This region is impacted with palm oil farms and possible mining. Our main goal was to create caves maps to be used for sustainable ecotourism and to understand the karst biodiversity including trogloxenes species such as bats, snakes, cave swallows, tigers and many more. Cave Cartography Method Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) was used to create 3-D cave maps. The Geoslam ZEB1 (3-D Laser Mapping) hand held mobile LiDAR was used to obtain the measurements. Mobile laser scanning system that uses relative measurements to the environment that travels. The system maps the area in around the same time it takes to walk. The data acquisition speed is 43,200 pts/s with a range of 30 m. The field of view: 270 0 by 100 0 and its source is a 905 nm laser diode (infra-red). The data processing consists in that the system estimate the trajectory (position and orientation) using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Jodoh Cave Geologic Setting of Batu Katak Cave Name pH (inside/outside) Temperature ( o C) (inside/outside) Relative Humidity % (inside/outside) Water Cave 7.85/8.06 (water) 22.8/23.5 94.2/88.0 Pupuk Mentar Cave 7.85/7.95 (water) 23.3/24.2 91.5/89.3 Mbelin Cave 8.39/8.21 (water) 22.8/22.9 93.9/93.4 Sibayak Cave 5.16/7.88 (soil) 23.9/24.7 92.9/85.3 Jodoh Cave 7.66/7.81 (soil) 23.7/24.8 90.8/87.7 Batu Katak, Sumatra The Batu Katak village in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia is located in the Batumilmil formation (Bachtiar et. al., 2014), a paleokarst that consist in dark gray to reddish gray limestone. By understanding the cave characteristics, can be concluded that the caves were created in an ancient karstification (paleokarst). Recent karstification processes is occurring and creating stalactite and stalagmites (new calcite deposition) in most of the caves. 0 ° .3 ° 1oS pA ACEH ANDAMAN SEA Lhokseumawe Meulaboh Sin o o% Banyak Islands Nias Natal Batu , ~ Pini Islands 1 r Siberut INDIAN OCEAN SOUTHEAST ¢..~sEA.c. ConocoPhdhps SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SUMATRA Sipora Sifigk \ PADANG Pag PENINSULAR vo,o .,c MALAYSIA / 1 1 / Lower Cretaceous - Woyla Group Upper Jurassic Rawas, Peneta,Asai SEDIMENTS Holocene - Pleistocene I I Pliocene - Eocene Triassic ~ Kualu Tuhur l Permian MEDIAL SUMATRA l schist and gneiss TECTONIC ZONE INTRUSIVES l Pliocene- Eocene l Late Cretaceous l Mid - Jurassic l LateTriassic - EarlyJurassic Modified from" Stephenson & Aspden, 1982. Simplified Geological Map of Northern Sumatra. Scale 1:1,500,000 Institute of Geological Sciences, Keyworth, U.K. Gafoer et al. 1992a. Geological Map of Indonesia, Padang Sheet. Scale 1:1,000,000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung, Indonesia. Gafoer et al. 1992b. Geological map of Indonesia, Palembang Sheet. Scale 1.1,000,000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung, Indonesia. 1. t inas roPE k WEST SUMATRABLOCK Lower Permian l Palepat, Silungkang Mengkarang gkalis LowerPermian - ~ Kluet ' Lower Carboniferous ~ Kuantan ~ ~Tr-Jg ~- 4Tr'Jg Islands EAST SUMATRABLOCK Lower Permian - ~ Bohorok ?Upper Devonian ~ Mentulu r"~ {kngga TIN ISLANDS o °- Triassic- Bintan > p~r-Jg~ -~, ?Cretaceous ~ Tempilang Singke Bentong-Belitung Accretionary Complex ?Devonian- l ~.~--~....~, Permian Pemali Group 1 o_ ~llJTr.~gB ukit Batu '~Bangka Belitung _ (Billiton) Toboali 2 °- 3°.. BENGKULU LS JAVA SEA \ 1 _ _ Lake 5 ° . Enggano ( : ~ LAMPUNG 0 1 O0 200km References: - Bachtiar et. al., Sedimentology and Petrography of Selected North Sumatra Pre- Tertiary Formations: Anticipating New Petroleum Systems in Western Indonesia, 3rd International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sciences., 2014. - M. J. Crow and A. J. Barber, Map: Simplified geological map of Sumatra, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 31, NP, 2005. Figure 1. Geoslam Zeb 1 LiDAR Figure 2. Map of study location. Figure 3. Geological Map of Sumatra (Crow & Barber, 2005) Figure 4. Location of caves in the Batu Katak Region Sibayak Cave Mbelin Cave Top View Side View Top View Side View Top View Side View Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Pupuk Mentar Cave Top View Side View Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Water Cave Top View Side View Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance Cave Name Data Collected (in Millions) Mapping Data 9% reduction (in Millions) Length (m) Water Cave 65.5 59.5 901 Pupuk Mentar Cave 25.2 22.9 121 Mbelin Cave 17.3 15.7 100 Sibayak Cave 11.2 10.2 36 Jodoh Cave 7.48 6.8 45 Cave Cartography Results (all axes in meters) Table 1. Summary of the Cave Cartography Results Entrance Entrance Entrance Entrance The Batu Katak region consists of 5 caves (Figure 4): Water Cave, Pupuk Mentar Cave, Mbelin Cave, Sibayak Cave and Jodoh Cave. For the first time, westerners were allowed to study the caves. A total of 1.2 Km were cartographied and 126.6 Millions data points collected. The maps created can be used to develop ecotourism guided routes, cave safety management and develop mitigation plans for karst biodiversity and land protection, among others. Cave enviromental parameters consisted of insitu measurements of water or soil pH, temperature and relative humidity for the different caves. We used a Extech pH module and Delmhorst thermo-hygrometer. These parameters can provide us with information about water safety, cave enviroment and conditions for the posibility of ecotourism. Cave Enviroment Table 2. Summary of cave environmental parameters. Acknowledgements: The authors want to thanks Harimau Conservation for the support and organization of the Sumatra expedition and surveys for this study. Aditionally, B. Bonet-Santiago want to thanks PR-LSAMP for the travel scholarship for this presentation. Funding for this study was provided by MSEIP— P120A110098 project at UPR- A.
Transcript of 3-D cave mapping in the paleokarst region of Batu Katak in ... · Why Batu Katak? 3-D cave mapping...
Why Batu Katak?
3-D cave mapping in the paleokarst region of Batu Katak in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia
Angel A. Acosta-Colón1, Benny X. Bonet-Santiago2, Ruddy Anto Sinulingga3, Sedarta Sitepu3
1 Physics and Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, Arecibo, PR ([email protected])
2 Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Humacao, PR ([email protected])
3 Harimau Conservation, San Juan, PR
The Batu Katak village in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia lies in a karst forest. A group of scientists from the University of Puerto Rico with Harimau Conservation Organization explored the karst forest to find caves as a conservation action to protect the region and its geological importance. The unprotected karst forest is located next to the Gunung Leuser National Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site). This region is impacted with palm oil farms and possible mining. Our main goal was to create caves maps to be used for sustainable ecotourism and to understand the karst biodiversity including trogloxenes species such as bats, snakes, cave swallows, tigers and many more.
Cave Cartography MethodLight Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) was used to create 3-D cave maps. The Geoslam ZEB1 (3-D Laser Mapping) hand held mobile LiDAR was used to obtain the measurements. Mobile laser scanning system that uses relative measurements to the environment that travels. The system maps the area in around the same time it takes to walk. The data acquisition speed is 43,200 pts/s with a range of 30 m. The field of view: 2700 by 1000 and its source is a 905 nm laser diode (infra-red). The data processing consists in that the system estimate the trajectory (position and orientation) using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM).
Jodoh Cave
Geologic Setting of Batu Katak
Cave Name pH (inside/outside)
Temperature (oC) (inside/outside)
Relative Humidity % (inside/outside)
Water Cave 7.85/8.06 (water) 22.8/23.5 94.2/88.0Pupuk Mentar Cave 7.85/7.95 (water) 23.3/24.2 91.5/89.3Mbelin Cave 8.39/8.21 (water) 22.8/22.9 93.9/93.4Sibayak Cave 5.16/7.88 (soil) 23.9/24.7 92.9/85.3Jodoh Cave 7.66/7.81 (soil) 23.7/24.8 90.8/87.7
Batu Katak, Sumatra
The Batu Katak village in Northern Sumatra, Indonesia is located in the Batumilmil formation (Bachtiar et. al., 2014), a paleokarst that consist in dark gray to reddish gray limestone. By understanding the cave characteristics, can be concluded that the caves were created in an ancient karstification (paleokarst). Recent karstification processes is occurring and creating stalactite and stalagmites (new calcite deposition) in most of the caves.
0 °
.3 °
1oS
I 9 6 ° E
pA A C E H
I I 9 7 ° 98 o 9~1 o
A N D A M A N SEA Lhokseumawe
M e u l a b o h
Sin o o% Banyak Islands
Nias
N a t a l
Batu , ~ Pini Islands 1 r
Siberut
INDIAN OCEAN
,dip SOUTHEAST . A S I A
¢..~sEA.c. l,...-~ ,, ~ cRouP ConocoPhdhps
, , , , _ _ , , , , , , 1 0 0 ° ) 101 o 1 0 2 ° ~ 1 0 3 ° 1 0 4 ° 1 0 5 ° 1 0 6 ° 1 0 7 ° 108 °
SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SUMATRA
Sipora
a n g
Sifigk \
P A D A N G
Pag
PENINSULAR vo,o .,c
MALAYSIA / 1 1 /
Lower Cretaceous - Woyla Group Upper Jurassic Rawas, Peneta,Asai
SEDIMENTS Holocene - Pleistocene I I Pliocene - Eocene
Triassic ~ Kualu Tuhur l Permian
MEDIAL SUMATRA l schist and gneiss TECTONIC ZONE
INTRUSIVES
l Pliocene- Eocene
l Late Cretaceous
l Mid - Jurassic
l Late Triassic - Early Jurassic
5 o -
4 ° _
3 ° _
Modified from" Stephenson & Aspden, 1982. Simplified Geological Map of Northern Sumatra. Scale 1:1,500,000 Institute of Geological Sciences, Keyworth, U.K. Gafoer et al. 1992a. Geological Map of Indonesia, Padang Sheet. Scale 1:1,000,000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung, Indonesia. Gafoer et al. 1992b. Geological map of Indonesia, Palembang Sheet. Scale 1.1,000,000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung, Indonesia.
9 6 ° 9 7 ° 9 8 ° 9 9 ° 1 0 0 ° 1 I. 1. 1 t
inas
r o P E
k
WEST SUMATRA BLOCK Lower Permian l Palepat, Silungkang
Mengkarang gkalis Lower Permian - ~ Kluet ' Lower Carboniferous ~ Kuantan ~ ~Tr-Jg ~- 4Tr'Jg
Islands
EAST SUMATRA BLOCK
Lower Permian - ~ Bohorok ?Upper Devonian ~ Mentulu
2 ° -
1 o_
r"~ { k n g g a TIN ISLANDS o °- Triassic- Bintan
> p~r-Jg~ -~, ?Cretaceous ~ Tempilang Singke Bentong-Belitung Accretionary Complex
?Devonian- l ~.~--~....~, Permian Pemali Group 1 o_
~llJTr.~gB ukit Batu
Tr-Jg
'~Bangka Belitung _ (Billiton)
T o b o a l i
2 °-
3°..
B E N G K U L U LS
JAVA SEA 4 ° _
101 ° \ 1 _ _
Lake 5 ° .
Enggano ( : ~ LAMPUNG 0 1 O0 200km
o ® ~ F i t - - . _ c'-- ~ . s °, 1 0 2 ° 1 0 3 ° 1 0 4 1 0 5 ° , K r a k a t a u ' - " " - 1 ~ 1 0 7 ° 1 0 8 °
by guest on October 20, 2018http://mem.lyellcollection.org/Downloaded from
References:- Bachtiar et. al., Sedimentology and Petrography of Selected North Sumatra Pre- Tertiary Formations: Anticipating New Petroleum Systems in Western Indonesia, 3rd International Conference on Geological and Environmental Sciences., 2014.- M. J. Crow and A. J. Barber, Map: Simplified geological map of Sumatra, Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 31, NP, 2005.
Figure 1. Geoslam Zeb 1 LiDAR
Figure 2. Map of study location.
Figure 3. Geological Map of Sumatra (Crow & Barber, 2005)
Figure 4. Location of caves in the Batu Katak Region
Sibayak Cave Mbelin Cave
Top View
Side View
Top View
Side View
Top View
Side View
Entrance
Entrance
EntranceEntrance
Entrance
Entrance
Entrance
Entrance
Entrance
Pupuk Mentar Cave
Top View
Side View
Entrance
Entrance
EntranceEntrance
Entrance
Water Cave
Top View
Side View
Entrance
EntranceEntrance
Entrance
EntranceEntrance
Cave NameData
Collected (in Millions)
Mapping Data 9% reduction (in Millions)
Length (m)
Water Cave 65.5 59.5 901Pupuk Mentar Cave 25.2 22.9 121Mbelin Cave 17.3 15.7 100Sibayak Cave 11.2 10.2 36Jodoh Cave 7.48 6.8 45
Cave Cartography Results (all axes in meters)
Table 1. Summary of the Cave Cartography Results
Entrance
Entrance
Entrance
Entrance The Batu Katak region consists of 5 caves (Figure 4): Water Cave, Pupuk Mentar Cave, Mbelin Cave, Sibayak Cave and Jodoh Cave. For the first time, westerners were allowed to study the caves. A total of 1.2 Km were cartographied and 126.6 Millions data points collected. The maps created can be used to develop ecotourism guided routes, cave safety management and develop mitigation plans for karst biodiversity and land protection, among others.
Cave enviromental parameters consisted of insitu measurements of water or soil pH, temperature and relative humidity for the different caves. We used a Extech pH module and Delmhorst thermo-hygrometer. These parameters can provide us with information about water safety, cave enviroment and conditions for the posibility of ecotourism.
Cave Enviroment
Table 2. Summary of cave environmental parameters.
Acknowledgements: The authors want to thanks Harimau Conservation for the support and organization of the Sumatra expedition and surveys for this study. Aditionally, B. Bonet-Santiago want to thanks PR-LSAMP for the travel scholarship for this presentation. Funding for this study was provided by MSEIP—P120A110098 project at UPR-A.
