Brief Introduction to China’s National Plan for Education

Reform and Development

WANG ZhengChinese Director, Confucius Institute of PUCP,

PeruShanghai International Studies University, China

wangzheng.office@gmail.com

China´s Education

A nation’s enduring future hinges on education.

China has all along put a premium on education.

Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.

a 99 percent attendance rate for primary school, a 99 percent rate for middle school and a 79 percent rate for high school.

General Information

• The People’s Republic of China.• The world's oldest continuous civilisation.• The third largest country in the world in area (after

Russia and Canada). The USA has a very slightly smaller land area.

• The largest country in terms of population (over 1.339 billion people), about a quarter of the world's total.

• Four regions: Mainland, Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, Taiwan Province.

• The above- & below-mentioned figures are all pointed to those of the Mainland of China.

Shanghai Lujiazui Financial Area

2010 GDP RankListed by the International Monetary Fund

Rank Country GDP (millions of USD)

1  United States 14,657,800

2  People's Republic of China 5,878,257

3  Japan 5,458,872

4  Germany 3,315,643

5  France 2,582,527

Educational stages in China

Age Education Compulsory

Post-graduate

3-4 years for a doctoral degreeNo

2-3year s for a master’s degree

18-22 University or collage (bachelor) No

15-18Senior high school (middle school)or Vocational school

No

12-15 Junior middle schoolYes

6-12 Primary school

GENERAL STRATEGY(1) Guidelines.- strategy of rejuvenating the nation through science and education- strategy of making the nation strong by relying on talents or professionals, giving priority to education development, imp roving a socialist modern education system, and building China into a country rich in human resources

(2) Executive principles.- giving priority to development, - taking the cultivation of people as the starting point, - carrying out reform and innovation, - promoting equity, - improving quality.

(3) Strategic goals.- Further Popularize education.- Delivering equal education to everyone.- Offering quality education in various ways.- Building a consummate framework for lifelong education.- Establishing a full-fledged, vibrant education system.

Box 1: Major goals for education development from 2009 to 2020Indicators Units 2009 2015 2020Preschool education 　 　 　 　Number of children in kindergartens Million 26.58 34 40Gross attendance rate for those entering kindergartens 1 year before starting school % 74 85 95Gross attendance rate for those entering kindergartens 2 years before starting school % 65 70 80Gross attendance rate for those entering kindergartens 3 years before starting school % 50.9 60 70Nine-year compulsory education 　 　 　 　Number of students in school Million 157.72 161 165Retention rate of students % 90.8 93.5 95Senior middle school education* 　 　 　 　Number of students in school Million 46.24 45 47Gross enrollment rate % 79.2 87 90Vocational education 　 　 　 　Number of students in secondary vocational schools Million 21.79 22.5 23.5Number of students in higher vocational colleges Million 12.8 13.9 14.8Higher education** 　 　 　 　Total enrollments Million 29.79 33.5 35.5Number of university/college students on campus Million 28.26 30.8 33of which: number of postgraduates Million 1.4 1.7 2Gross enrollment rate % 24.2 36 40

Further or continuing education 　 　 　 　

Number of on-the-job learners in further or continuing educationmillion times

166 290 350

Note: * including students in secondary vocational schools;

** including students in higher vocational colleges.

Box 2: Major goals for human resource development from 2009 to 2020

Indicators Units 2009 2015 2020Number of people with higher

education Million 98.3 145 195

Average number of years of education received by the

working-age(20-59 years old) population

Year 9.5 10.5 11.2

of which: percentage of those having received higher

education% 9.9 15 20

Average number of years of education received by newly-

added members of the workforce

Year 12.4 13.3 13.5

of which: percentage of those having received senior middle

school or higher education% 67 87 90

DEVELOPMENT MISSIONS

Preschool Education1)Basically universalizing preschool education.2)Defining government responsibilities.3)Strengthening preschool education in rural areas.

Compulsory EducationConsolidating, enhancing nine-year compulsory education.

Senior Middle School EducationImproving students’ quality in all respects in senior middle school.

Higher Education

1) Higher education performs the important task of cultivating high-caliber professionals, developing science, technology and culture, and promoting the socialist modernization drive. 2) Bettering cultivation of talents or professionals.3) Elevating research levels.4) Optimizing a distinctive higher education structure.

Tsinghua University

Peking University

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM REFORMS

1) Reform of Examinations and Enrollment Systems- Advancing examination and enrollment reform.- Revamping examinations and enrollment at secondary stage.- Improving examinations and enrollment at tertiary stage.

National university entrance exam

2) Building a Modern School System3) Reform on School-Running System4) Reform of Education Administration System5) Further Opening China’s Education- Promoting international exchanges and cooperation- Introducing quality education resources abroad.- Upgrading exchanges and cooperation.

GUARANTEEING MEASURES

1) Strengthening Building of the Teachers’ Contingent- Building a vast contingent of quality teachers. - Promoting professional ethics among teachers.- Raising teachers’ professional efficiency.- Heightening teachers’ social status, salaries, benefits.

2) Ensuring Education Input- Increasing education investment.- Improving distribution mechanism

3) Accelerating Informatization in Education; Speeding up information infrastructure construction

Confucius Institute(Instituto Confucio en español)

- a sharp increase in the world's demands for Chinese learning. - non-profit public institutions which aim to promote Chinese language and culture in foreign countries.

By the end of 2010, 322 Confucius Institutes 369 Confucius Classrooms in 96 countries.

In addition, some 250 institutions from over 50 countries have expressed requirements for establishing Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.

Conclusion

China’s education reform and development plan promotes the value of internationalization and seeks to cooperate with world‐class schools, universities and research organizations.

谢 谢！Thank you!