Biological CompoundsBiological Compounds

PolymerPolymer- when smaller molecules are - when smaller molecules are hooked together to make a new very hooked together to make a new very large molecule.large molecule.

MonomerMonomer- a small molecule. Many - a small molecule. Many monomers make up a polymer.monomers make up a polymer.

Monomer Polymer

• Nucleic Acids- organic compounds that consist of sugar, phosphate and a nucleotide.

Ex: DNA and RNA

NucleotidesNucleotides

ProteinProtein- large organic polymer - large organic polymer formed by many organic formed by many organic monomers called amino acids. monomers called amino acids.

All proteins contain an amine group All proteins contain an amine group (NH(NH22) and a carboxyl group. ) and a carboxyl group. These groups combine together These groups combine together to make a peptide. The bond to make a peptide. The bond between them is called a peptide between them is called a peptide bond. bond.

Carboxyl group

Amine group Peptide

Peptide Bond

Making of Protein

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates- organic - organic compounds that consist of carbon, compounds that consist of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. There are 2 oxygen and hydrogen. There are 2 times as many hydrogens than times as many hydrogens than carbon and oxygen.carbon and oxygen.

Ex: CEx: C66HH1212OO66 Glucose Glucose 1:2:11:2:1

Sugars are major type of carbohydrates. Sugars are monomers while starches are polymers. Carbohydrates are energy sources.

Glucose Starch

How Glucose is FormedHow Glucose is Formed

LipidLipid- organic compound that - organic compound that consist of carbon, oxygen, and consist of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Does not have a 1:2:1 hydrogen. Does not have a 1:2:1 ratio. ratio.

Lipids include fats and oils. They are Lipids include fats and oils. They are made up of the same way but made up of the same way but different because fats are solids and different because fats are solids and oils are liquid.oils are liquid.

Fat-Lard Oil

Triglycerides

• Steroids are also considered a lipid. Steroids include cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisone and Vitamin D.

Cholesterol