2WCDMA RAN14 Radio Net Fea Alg Tr1 Power Cont

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Power Control Algorithm and Parameters

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FcrewordPower control types:o Open loop power controlClosed loop power control

In e loop power control Outer lOop poWer control

The WCDMA system is an interference-limited system, and the mostimportant way to restrain system interference is power control. The corepurpose of power control is to minimized the power of transmitting signalswhile ensuring Quality of Service (Q0S).

In the uplink, a UE emitting too high power will cause unacceptable competinginterference on the Node B in comparison to signals coming from UE s at thecell edge. This is called near-far effect. To avoid near-far effect, uplink powercontrol is required.

In the downlink, the system capacity is determined by the total code power.Therefore, it is necessary to keep the transmit power at the lowest possiblelevel while still ensuring signal quality at the UE.

At open loop power control, the initial transmit power is calculated. Thismethod is rather inaccurate and it is only applied at the beginning of aconnection setup.

At closed loop power control, the transmitter dynamically adjusts its transmitpower according to the feedback from the receiver of the other side. Closedloop power control is further classified into the following types:

a Inner loop power control directly adjusts the transmit power of thetransmitter by using power control commands.Outer loop power control indirectly controls the transmit power of thetransmitter.



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j References 3GPPTS25.211

Physical Channels and Mapping of Transport Channels ontoPhysical Channels (FDD)

3GPP TS 25.214Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)

a 3GPP TS 25.331D RRC Protocol Specification

3GPP TS 25.433UTRAN IUB Interface NodeB Application Part (NBAP) Signaling

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Power Contro l Algorithm and Parameters

ObjectivesV

Upon completion of th is course, you will be able to:Describe the purpose and function of powe r controlPerform parameters modification of open loop power cont rolPe rform parameters modificat ion of inner loop power con trolPerform parameters modification of outer loo p power control

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I.Power Control Algorithm and Parameters

Contents1. Power Control Overview2. Open Loop Power Control3. Closed Loop Power Control



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Power Control Algorithm and Param eters

Purpose of U plink Power Control

CDMA system have the embedded characteristics of self-interference, foruplink one users transmission power become interference to others. The more connected users, the higher interference. Generally the capacity is

limited by interference level. WCDMA suffer from Near-far effect, wh ich means if all UE use the sametransmission power, the one close to the NodeB may block the entire cell.

Uplink power con trol can guarantee the service quality and minim ize therequired transmission power. It will resolve the near-far effect and resistfad ing of signal propagation. By lowe ring the uplink interference level, thesystem capacity will be increased.

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The downllnk has different characteristics from the uplink, fo r downlinkinterference is caused by multi-path, part of one users power also becomeinterference to others.

Downlink power from adjacent cells also is one part of interference to the owncell. Transmission power of NodeB is shared by all users channels, so downlink

capacity usually is considered to be limited by transmission power. Downlink power control also can guarantee the service quality and minimize

the required transmission power, so the capacity is maximized in case thatinterference is lowered.


Power Control Algorithm and Parameters [Purpose of Downlink Power Control

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Because of channel fading in mobile communication system, the radio sig nal isdeteriorated and flu ctua ted , the fast power control become one key technologyto resist th is phenomenon.

In th i s f igure, the channel fading is compensated by the transm itt ing power,wh ich is adjusted by the fast power contro l, so the receiving pow er is almostconstant and the rad io propagation condition is im prov ed.

Effect of Power Control

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In WCDMA system, power control includes open ioop and closed loop powercontrol.

Open loop power control is used to determine the initial transmission power,and the closed loop power control adjusts the transmission powerdynamically and continuously during the connection.

For uplink, the UEs transmission power is adjusted; and for downlink, theNodeBs transmission power is adjusted.


Power Control Algorithm and Parameters IFU

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Power Control for PhyscaI Channels Power control methods are adopted for these physical channels:

can b e applied; X: can not be applied

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DPCCH 4 4 4SCH x X x

PCCPC H x x xSCCPCH x x xPRAC H 4 x xAICIl X XPICH x x x

Open loop power con trol is used in two cases:1. to decide the initial transmission power of PRACH;

D 2 to decide the initial transmission power of DPCCH I DPDCH . Closed loop power control is only applied on DPCCH and DPDC H. For other common channels, power control is not applied, they will use fixed

transmission power:The PCPICH power is defined by the PCP!CHPower parameter as anabsolute value in dBm.

o All other common channels power is def ined in rel ation with thePCP1CHPower parameter, and measured in dB.

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Power Control Algorithm and Param eter s [1Common Physical Channel Power IiParametersMaxTxPowerD Parameter name: Max transmit power of cel l [0.ldBm]

Recommended value: 430, namely 43d8m PCPICHPower

Parameter name: PCPICH transmit power [0.ldBmlRecommended value: 330, namely 33dBm [

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MaxTxPowerCo ntent: The sum of the maximum transmit power of all DL channels ina cell.Value range: 0 to 500Phy sical value range: 0 to 50; step: 0.1Ph ys ical unit: dBmSet this parameter through ADD UCELLSETUP and modify it throughMOD UCELL.

PCP ICHP0werContent: Th is parameter should be set based on the actualenvironment and the downlink coverage should be guaranteed firstly. IfPCPICH transmit power is configured too big, the cell capacity will bedecreased, for power resources is occupied by common channel andthe interference to traffic channels is also increased. LValue range: -100 to 500Physical value range: -10 to 50; step: 0.1 flPhysical unit: dBmSetthis parameterthrough ADD UPCPICH, query it through kSILJPCPICH and modify it through MOD UCELL. [

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Common Physical Channel PowerParameters (Cont.)

PSCHPower and SSCHPowerParameter name: PSCH I SSCH transmi t power [0.1dB]Re commended value: -50, namely -5dB

BCHPowerParameter name: BCH transmit power [0.1dB]Recommended value: -20, name ly -2dB

PSCHPower and SSCHPowerContent: The offs et of the PSCH/SSCH transmit power from thePCPICH transmit power in a cell.Value range: -350 to 150Physical value range: -3 5 to 15; step: 0.1Physical unit: dB

o For PSCH Power, set it through ADD UPSCH, and query it throughLST UPSCH; for SSCH Power, set it through ADD USSCH, and queryit through LST USSCH. And modify them through MOD UCELL.

BCH Pow erContent: The offset of the BCH transmit power from the PCP ICHtransmit power in a cell.Value range: -350 to 150

o Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1o Physical unit: dB

Set this parameter through ADD UBCH, query it through LST UBCH,and modify it through MOD UCELL.


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Parameters (Cont)MaxFachPower

Parameter name: Max transmit power of FACH [0.1dB]Recommended value: 10, namely 1dB

PCHPower

Common Physical Channel Power

Parameter name: PCH transmit power [0.1dB]a Recommended value: -20, namely -2dB

MaxFachPowera Content: The offset between the FACH transmit power and PCPICH

transmit power in a cel l.Value range: -350 to 150Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1Physical uni t: dB

a Set this parameter through ADD UFACH, query it through LST UFACH. PCHPower

Content: The Offset of the PCH transmit power from the PCPICHtransmit power in a cell.Value range: -350 to 150Physical value range: - 35 to 15; step: 0.1Physical uni t: dB

a Set this parameter through ADD UPCH, query it through LST UPCH,and modify it through MOD USCCPCH.

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Common Physical Channel PowerParameters (ConL) AlCHPowerOffset

o Parameter name: AICH power offsetRecommended value: -6, namely -6dB

PlCHPowerOffsetParameter name: PICH power offsetRecommended value: -7, namely -7dB

AlCHPowe rOffseto Con ten t: The difference between the transmit power of AICH and thatof PCP ICH.

Value range: -22 to 5Physical value range: -22 to 5; step: I

o Physical unit: dBSet this parameter through ADD UCHPWROFFSET, query it throughLST UCHPWROFFSET, and modify it through MODUAICHPWROFFSET,

PlCHPowerOffset0 Content: The difference between the transmit power of PICH and thatof PCPICH.o Value range: -10 to 5o Physical value range: -10 to 5; step: Io Physical unit: dBo Set this parameter through ADD UCHPWROFFSET, que ry it throughLST UCHPWROFFSET, and modify it through MOD

UPICHPWROFFSET.


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Power Control Algorithm and ParametersV [

Contents1. Power Control Overview2. Open Loop Power Control3. Closed Loop Power Control

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J Contents2. Open Loop Power Control2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview2,2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control2.3 Downhink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control2.4 Uplink Dedicated Ch annel Open Loop Pow er Control



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Open Loop Power Control Overview

In downlink open loop power control, the initial transmission power iscalculated according to the downlink path loss between NodeB and UE.

In uplink, since the uplink and downlink frequencies of WCDMA are in thesame frequency band, a significant correlation exists between the averagepath loss of the two links. This make it possible for each UE to calculate theinitial transmission power required in the uplink based on the downlink pathloss.

However, there is 90MHz frequency interval between uplink and downlinkfrequencies, the fading between the uplink and downlink is uncorrelated, so 1.4the open loop power control is not absolutely accurate.

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Powe r Control Algorithm and Parameters

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Contents2. Open Loop Power Control2.1 Open Loop Pow er Control Overview22 PRACH Open Loop Power Control2.3 Downhink Dedicated Channel Op en Loop Power Control2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Con trol

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In access procedure, the first signaling RRC CONNECTION REQUEST istransmitted in message part on PRACH.

Before PRACH message part transmission, UE will transmit PRACH preamble,and the transmission power of first preamble is calculated by thi s PRACHopen loop power control.



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PRACH Open Loop Power Control Powe r ramping for preamble retransmission:

After UE transmit the first Preamble on PRACH, it will wai t for thecorresponding Al (Acquisition Indicator) on the AICH.If no pos itive or negative Al on AICH is received after tp-a tim e,

UE shall increase preamble power by PowerRampStep, andretransm it preamble.

A preamble ram ping procedure consists of several preambleramping cyc les, which cannot exceed Mmax. In each cycl e, theUE retransmits preamble until the UE receives the acqu isi tio nindicator or the number of retransmissions has reachedPreambleRetransMax.If a negative Al on AICH is received by the UE after tp-a time,

which indicates re jecti on of the preamble, the UE shall wait fora certain Back-off Delay and re- ini tia te a new random accessprocess. The parameters NBO1 mm and NBOI max define th elower and upper limits of the back-off delay. If the value ofNBO1 mm is equa l to tha t of NBOI max, it means that theretransmission period of the preamble part is fixed.

When a positive Al on AICH is received by UE after tp-a tim e, It will transmit the random access message after the uplinkacc ess slot of the last preamble. The message par t consists of two parts: the control part andthe data part. Th e powe r of the control part is the same as thepower of the last transmitted preamble plus a value defined bythe PowerOffsetPpm pa rameter . Po we rOffsetPpm must be setfor each instance of PRACH TFC.

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Power Control Algorithm and Parameters [CPRACH Open Loop Power Control r

When UE needs to set up a RRC connection, the initial powerof uplink PRACH preamble can be calculated according to th e[Ifollowing formula:

Preamble_lnitiaLPower= PCFICHPower - CPICH_RSCP +UL interference + Constantvalue

lnthisformula,wherePCPICI-lPower defines the PCPICH transmit power in a cell. It isbroadcast in SIB5.CPICHRSCP means received signal code power, the receivedpower measured on the PCPICH. The measurement is performed bythe UE.UL interference is the UL RTWP measured by the NodeB. It isbroadcast in SIB7. IConstantvalue compensates for the RACH processing gain. It isbroadcast in SIB5.

The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power control.UE operation steps are as follows:

1. Read Primary CPICH DL TX power, UL interference andConstant value from system information;2. Measure the value of CPICH_RSCP;3. Calculate the Preamble_Initial_Power of PRACH. FI,J

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Pow er Control Algorithm and Parameters

PRACH Open Loop Power ControlParameters

ConstantvalueParameter name: Constant value fo r calculating initial TXpowerRecommended value: -20 , namely -20dB

ConstantvalueConten t: It is used to calculate the transmit power of the first preamblein the random access process.Va lue range: -35 to -10Physica l value range: -35 to -10; step: IPhysica l unit: dBSet this parameter through ADD UPR AC HBA SIC, query it through kSIUPRA CH, and mo dify it through MOD UP RAC HUU PAR AS .

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AICHTxTimingAfter UE transmit the first Preamble on PRACH, it will wait for thecorresponding Al (Acquisition Indicator) on the AICH. The timing relationshipof PRACH and AICH is as follow:

There will be 3 parameters used to define the timing relationship: [Vp.p: time interval between two PRACH preambles. is no t afixed value, it is decided by selecting access slot of PRACHpreambles.Heret has one restriction, it must be longer than a minimumvalue Vppmin, namely Tpp Tppmin.Vpa time interval between PRACH preamble and AICHAcquisition Indicator. If UE sends the PRACH preamble, it willdetect the responding Al after time.Tpm: time interval between PRACH preamble and PRACHmessage part. If UE sends the PRACH preamble and receivespositive Al from the AICH, it will send the message part aftermtime.

Value range: 0 to IPhysical value range: 0 to 1; step: 1Setthis parameterthrough ADD UAICH, query it through LSTUAICH,and modify it needs de-activated the cell through DEA UCELL. Afterthe old configuration of AICH is deleted through RMV UAICH , a newAICH can be established through ADD UAICH.

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PRACH Open Loop Power ControlParameters (Cont.)AICHTxTIm1ngParameter name: AICH transmission timing

Content: WhenAICHTXTIMINGO,

= 15360 chips, = 7680 chips, T,m 15360 chips When AICHTXTIMING = 1,Tp.p,mjn 20480 chips, r = 12800 chips, Vpm = 20480 chips

Recommended value: 1

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PRACH Open Loop Power Contro lParameters (ConL) PowerRampStep

Parameter name: Power increase stepRecommended value: 2, namely 2dB

PreambleRetransMaxParameter name: Max preamble retransmissionRecommended value: 20

Content: The power increase step of the random access preamblestransmitted before the UE receives the acquisition ind icator in therandom access process.Value range: 1 to 8Physical value range: I to 8; step: 1Physical unit: dB

o Set this parameter through ADD UPRACHBASIC, query it through LSIUPRACH, and modify it through MOD UPRACHUUPARAS.PreambleRetransMax

Content: The maximum number of preambles transmitted in a preambleramping cycle .Value range: 1 to 64

o Physical value range: 1 to 64; step: 1o Set this parameter through ADD UPRACHBASIC, query it through bIUPRACH, and modify it through MOD UPRACHUUPARAS.

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PRACH Open Loop Power ControlParameters (Cont.) Mmax

a Parameter name: Max preamble ioopRecommended value: 8

NBOlmin/NBOlmaxParameter name: Random back-off lower I upper limit

a Recommended value: 0 for both NBDlmin/ NBOlmax

MmaxContent: Maximum number of random access preamble loops.Value range: 1 to 32Physical value range: 1 to 32; step: 1Set this parameter through ADD URACH, query it through LST URACH,and modify it first de-activated the cell through DEA UCELL, then MODURACH, finally AC T UCELL.

NBOlmin/NBOlmaxContent: Lower/Upper limit of random access back-off delay.

a Value range: 0 to 50Physical value range: 0 to 50; step: 1Physical unit: frame

a Set this parameter through ADD URACH, query it through LST URACH,and modify it first de-activated the cell through DEA UCELL, then MODURACH, finally ACT UCELL.

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Power Control Algorithm and P

PRACH Open Loop Power ControlParameters (Cont.)PowerOffsetPpmParameter name: Power offset

D Recommended value:

D Conten t: The power offset between the last access preamble and themessage contr ol part. The power of the message control part can beobtained by adding the offse t to the access preamble power.

o Value range: -5 to 10Phys ical value range: -5 to 10; step: IPhysical unit: dBSet this parameter through ADD UPRACHTFC, query it through i]UPRACH, and modify it de-activated the cell through DEA UCELL.After the old conf iguration of PRACH is deleted through RMMUPRACHTFC a new parameters can be established through .UPRACHTFC.

The power of the data part is calculated with the follow ing formula:= Pcontri X (f3d/3cj

D Pcon tro l is the power for the cont ro l part.J3d is the power gain factor for the data part. The value is defined by theGainFactorBe taD parameter.f3c is the power ga in factor for the con trol part. The value is defined bythe GainFactorB etaC parameter.

PowerOffsetPpm

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PRACH Open Loop Power ControlParameters (Cont.)Parameters diagrammatic presentation

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PRACH Open Loop Power ControlParameters (Cont.) The transmit power on the PRACH cannot be greater than

the maximum allowed uplink transmit power: MaxAllowedUlTxPower

Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX powerRecommended value: 24, namely 24dBm

MaxA llow edUlTxPowerConte nt: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in thecell, which is related to the netwo rk planning. The power lim itation justimpact the UEs in idle mode.Value range: -50 to 33Physical value range: -50 to 33; step : 1

o Physical unit: dBmo Set this parameter through ADD UCELLSELRESEL, query it throughLST UCELLSELRESEL , and modify it through MODUCELLSELRESEL .


1Power Control Algorithm and Parameters


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Contents2. Open Loop Power Control

2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

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Power Control Algorithm and Param eters


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Ac cording to the RRC connection establishment procedure, after RNCreceived the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, if the RNC decidedto use Dedicated Channel to bear the RRC connection, and the RNC toldNodeB to set up the rad io link for UE, then lub interface resources isestablished between NodeB and RNC. When DCH-FP of lub interface finished down link and uplink synchronization,the downlink DPCH starts to transmi t, and DPCH initial transmission power iscalculated through open loop power control.

DL DPCH Open Loop Power Control

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1Power Control Algorithm and Parameters F


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IiDL DPDCH Open Loop Power Controla Initial pOwer of DL DPDCH can be calculated based on themeasurement results in the RACH lE of RRC connectionrequest from UE, calculation formula:

P x x CPICHmu \ 1DLW No (Ec / No)

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In this formula, where:P is initial transmit code power for downlink DPDCH. [PCPICH is the PCPICH power in a cell. The value is configured by thePCPICHPower parameter on the RNC.R is the traffic rate requested by the UE and W is the chip rate (3.84 LMcps).(Eb/No)OL is the Eb/No target of the downlink DPDCH used to ensurethe service quality. Eb is the energy of a signal information bit and Nois the noise spectral density. The RNC estimates a v al ue of Eb/Notarget dynamically based on cell environment type and BLER target.We can consider Eb/No target as SIR Target. U(Ec/No) ic is the ratio of received energy per chip to noise spectraldensity of the CPICH received by the UE, UE sends the measurementvalue to RNC in RRC connection request message.tota is the downlink transmitted carrier power measured on theNodeB and reported to the RNC.Based on the above description for parameters in formula, we canchange formula to the following, the change help us to understandhow to calculate the downlink DPDCH initial power:

Pfl1t PCJ!CFf- x (Rb/No )nz. (Ec/No )crzcH


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Pow er Control Algorithm and Param eters


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The down link DPCCH consists of three field s: TFCI, TPC , and pilot. Theirpower is set as the offset reference to the powe r of the dow nlink DPDCHs.

The dow nlink power on the DPCCH and its associated DPDCHs issimultaneously regulated. Therefore, power con trol adjusts the power of theDPCCH and DPDCH s with the same step, and the power offset between theDPCCH and the DPDCH keeps constant.

Power offsets between the DPCCH and the DPDCH in the downlink areidentical for all TFCs in the TFCS, whereas in the uplink the power offsets areTFC-dependent.

The power offsets of TFCI, TPC and pilot fields of the DPCCH reference to thepower of DPDCH s are fixed to 0 dB, 3 dB, and 3 dB respectively.


Power Control Algorithm and Pa ramete rs


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11Downlink Power Control RestrictionThe power of downl ink dedicated channel is limited by an Lupper and lower limit for each radio linkRIMaxDIPwrIRIMinDIPwrD Parameter name: RL Max/Mm DL TX power [u Recommended value is shown in the next page F

[RIMaxDiPwr

Content: Th is parameter should fulfill the coverage requirement of thenetwork planning, and the valu e is relative to PCPICH transmit power.Va lue range: -350to 150Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1 [Physical unit: dBSet this parameterthrough ADD UCELLRLPWR, query it through i= IUCELLRLPWR, and modify it through MOD UCELLRLPWR .

R!M inDIPwrContent: This parameter should consider the maxim um downlink ptransmit power and the dynamic range of power control, and the valueis re la tiv e to PCPICH transmit pow er.Value range: -350 to 150Physical value range: -35 to 15; step: 0.1

o Physical uni t: dBo Setthis parameterthrough ADD UCELLRLPWR , query it through LSI [UCELLRLPWR, and modify it th rough MOD UCELLRLPWR .

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Pow er Control Algorithm and Parameters


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Downlink Power Restric tion Parameters. Recommended configurations for typical services:

28kbps -2 -17 6432kbps -2 -17 6466kbps J 0 -15 3264kbps 0 -15 32- . J8 kbps -8 -23 12832kbps J -4 -19 6464kbps -2 -17 32144kbps 0 -15 16256kbps 2 -13 8

Both dow nlink open loop and close loop power control will be limited by theseparameters in table.

12.2kbpsAMR I 3 -18 128

384 kbps I 4 -ii 8

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J Contents2. Open Loop Power Control

2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control [

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UL DPCCH Open Loop Power ControlThe initial power of the uplink DPCCH can be calculated accordingto the following formula:DPCCH_lnitial_Power = DPCCH_PowerjDffset - CP ICH_RSCP

Where:a DPCCH_Power_Offset is provided by the RNC t o t he UE v ia RRCsignaling

CPICH_RSCP is the received signal code power of the PCP(CH

RNC use the following formula to calculate DPCC_Power_Offset:DPCCH_Power_Offset = PCPICHPower+ UL Interference

+ DefaultConstant Value Based on the upper formula, the initial power calculation formula fo r the uplinkDPCCH can be changed to the following , its similar to the formula fo r

PRACH:DPCCH_lnitiaLPower = PCPICHPower CPICH_RSCP

+ UL Interference + DefaultConstantValue Where:

The DefaultConstant Value parameter reflects the target Ec/No of theuplink DPCCH.


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Power Control Algorfthm and Parameters


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UL DPCCH Open Loop PowerControl Parameter DefaultConstantValue

o Parameter name: Constant value configured by defaultRecommended value: -22, namely -22dB

D Content: This parameter specifies the constant that is used by the RNCto compute the DPCCH_Power_Offset which is further used by the UEto calculate the UL DPCCH _ln itia )_Power durin g the open-loop pow ercon trol.Value range: -35 to -10Physical value range: -35 to -10; step: IPhysical unit: dBSet this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST UFRC ,and modify it through SET UFRC .

DefaultConstantValue

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Power Control Algorithm and ParametersV []


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Uplink POwer Control Restriction There are four parameters which correspond to the

maximum allowed transmit power of four classes of services:MaxUlTxPowerforConv

o MaxulTxPowerforStrMxUlTxPowerforlntMaxUlTxPowerorBac

Parameter name: Max .UL TX poWer of

Content: The maximum UL transmit power for specific services in a cell.it is based on the UL coverage requirement of the specific servicesdesigned by the network planning. These power limitation just impacton the UEs in connected mode.Value range: -50 to 33Physical value range: -50 to 33; step: IPhysical unit: dBm VSetthis parameterthrough ADD UCELLCAC, query it through LSIUCELLCAC, and modify it through MOD UCELLCAC. L


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conve,rsationalfstreaming/interactivefbackground serviceRecOmmehdedvalue:24, namely 24dBm

MaxUITxPo werforConv MaxUlTxPowerforStr MaxUlTxPowerfor!nt MaxUlTxPowerforBac

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Power Contro l Algori thm and Parameters


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. Contents1. Power Contro l Overview2. Open Loop Power Control3. Closed Loop Power Control

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Contents3, Closed Loop Power Control

3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview3.2 Uplink Inner Lo op Power Control3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control3.4 Outer Loop Power Cont rol

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Closed Loop Power Control Overview Why closed loop power control is needed?

Q Open loop power con trol is not accurate enough, it can onlyestimate the initial transmission powerClosed loop power control can guarantee the QoS withminimum power. By decreasing the interference, the systemcapacity will be increased

Ou ter Loop Inner Loop

Inner Loop Pow er Control: The receiver compares SIRrna (measured SIR) with SiRtar (target SIR), and

decide the TPC to send:If SiRmea is greater tha n SiRtar, the TPC is se t as 0 to decreasetransmission power;Otherwise the TPC is se t asu to increase transmission power.

TPC is sent to the t ransmitter in DPCCH, the transmitter will adjust the poweraccording to the value of received TPC.

Through inner loop power control, the SIRmea can be ensured to approachSiRtar.

Ou ter Loop Powe r Control: The receiver compares BLERmea (measured BLER) with BLERtr (target BLER),and decide how to set the SiRtar:

If BLERmea is greater than BLE RtaC , the SIRr is increased;If BLERmea is less than BLERtr, the SIRtar is decreased.

The adjusted SiRtar is sent for the inner loop power control, the n it will be usedin previous process to gu ide the transmitter powe r adjustment.

Through outer loop power con trol, the BLERmea can be ensured to ap proachBLERtaI.

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Contents3. Closed Loop Power Control

3.1 Closed ioop Power Control Overview32 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control3.3 Downhink Inner Loop Power Control3.4 Outer Loop Power Control




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RNC sends SIRtar (target SIR ) to NodeB and then No deB compares SiRmea(measured SIR) with SiRtar:

If the estimated SIR is greater than the target SIR, No deB sends TPC0 to UE on downlirrk DPCCH TPC fie ld;Otherwise, NodeB sends TPC 1s to UE. After reception of one or more TPC, UE sha ll derive a single TPC_cmd (TPC

command, with value among -1,0, 1):Two algor ithms could be used by the UE for deriving the TPC_cmd,those are PCAI and PCA 2 (PCA means Power Control Algo rithm).For UE is in soft handover state, more than one TPC is received, sofirstly multiple TPC cmd is combined.

When deriving the combined TPC_cmd, UE shall adjust the transmit power ofuplink DPCCH with a step UL Closed Loop Power Control Step Siz e, asfollowing:ADPCCH =LTPC X TPC_cmd

a Where: ADPCCH is power increment/reduction on DPCCH TPC_crnd is calculated by the PCAI or PCA2 according to theTPC ATPC is the step of pow er control, For PCA1 , its determinedby UlTpcStepSize. For PCA2 , the step size is fixed to 1dB .

Th is adjustment is executed on the DPCCH, then associated DPDCH transmitpowe r is calculated according to DPDCH I DPCCH power ratio Pd / Pc.

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When UE has single radio link, only one TPC will be received in each slot. Inthis case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA1 as follows:If the received TPC is equal to 0, then TPC_cmd for that slot is -1;If the received TPC is equal to 1, then TPC_cmd for that slot is 1.

According to DPCCH channel structure, there are 15 time slots in a lOmsradio frame, and the control is performed once in each time slot, so thefrequency of uplink inner loop PCAI is 1500Hz.

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Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 withSingle Radio Link For single radio link and PCA2, UE derives one TPC_cmd in

each 5-slot group as follows:

When UE has single rad io link, only one TPC will be received in each slot. Inthis case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA 2 as follows:

For the first 4 slots of a set, TPC_cmd = 0.For the fifth slo t of a set, UE make the decisions on as follows:

If all 5 TPCs within a group are 1, then TPC_cmd = 1 in the 5thslot;If all 5 TPCs within a group are 0, then TPC_cmd = -1 in the 5thslot;

Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot. According to DPCCH channel stwcture, there are 15 time slots in a lOms

rad io frame, and the control is performed once in each 5-slot group, so thefrequency of uplink inner loop PCA2 is 300Hz.

TPC_cmd

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Power Control Algorithm and Parameters [


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Uplink Inner Loop Power Control with FSoft Handover rWhen UE enters soft handover state, on the NodeB side,there are two phases: FUplink synchronization phase

Multi-radio link phase IOn UE side, UE will receive different TPCs from differentRLS in one time slot. Therefore, the UE should combine all [the TPCs to get a unique TPC_CMD

J

UOn the NodeB side, there are two phases during the soft handover state:

Uplink synchronization phase 11The NodeB should send durative TPC = 1 to the newly-added RLbefore successful uplink synchronization.Multi-radio link phase L- Each cell will estimate the SIR individually and the generateTPC individually. I

Especially , when UE is in softer handover state, it means UE Iihas radio links to the same NodeB, in this case theseRLs(Radio Link) belong to the same RLS(Radio Link Set), andthe all TPCs a re the same from each RL.

Therefore , when UE enters soft handover state, the UE may receive differentTPC from different RLS, and the UE should combine these TPCs beforederiving TPC.CMD.

[;FISLi

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[


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When UE is in soft handover state, multiple TPC will be received in each slotfrom different cells in the active set. UE will generate the TPC_cmd by PCA2as follows:

1. Combine the TPC from the same RLSWhen the RLs are in the same RLS, they will transmit the same TPC ina slot. In this case, the TPCs from the same RLS shall be combinedinto one.

2. Calculate the TPC_temp for each RLSUE derives TPC_temp through the same way in the last slide, as follows:D Fo r the first 4 slots of a group, TPC_temp = 0.

Fo r the 5th slot of a group: [ If all 5 TPCs within a group are 1, then TPC temp = I in the 5th

slot; If all 5 TPCs within a group are 0, then TPC temp = -1 in the

5th slot;Otherwise, TPCjemp = 0 in the 5th slot.

3. Calculate the TPCcmd [UE derives TPC_cmd through the following criteria:If any TPC temp is equal to -1 TPC cmd is set to -I; -If -,TFC_teinp>0.5 TPC_cmd=1; [Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0.

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CA2 with Soft


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Uplink Inner Loop PHandover (ConL)

lomslframe

TPC Groupi Qroupz GroupSTOO TSI ISO IS: 154 TSS 106 101 ISa ISO 1510 ISII 1522 1513 1514

RLSI 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 I

wcjemp, 4ISO TSI IS ! 153 154 ISO ISO IS? 158 TS9 1520 TSII 1512 1013

RLSI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 8

0 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0

RLS3 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 ---

The example of the uplink inner loo p PCA2 in soft handover state.

TPC_cmdISO 151 152 153 154 ISO 100 [TOT TOO TOO 1510 TSII 1012 1513 1514

0 0 0 1 0 010 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0

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Power Control Algorithm and Parameters Iol [


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U plink inner Loop Power ContrParameters PwrCtr!A!g

Parameter name: Power control algorithm selectionRecommended value: ALGORITHM1

UlTpcStepSize [Parameter name: UL closed loop power control step sizeRecommended value: 1, namely 1dB er

[F:C

Content: This parameter is used to inform the UE of the method fortranslating the received Transmit Power Control (TPC) commands. Inother words, it is used to select UL power control algorithm.Value range: ALGORITHMI, ALGORITHM2 [hysical value range: ALGORITHMI, ALGORITHM2

D Set this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST UFRC,and modify it through SET UFRC.UlTpcStepSize

D Content: The step size of the closed loop power control performed onUL DPDCH. This parameter is mandatory when the parameterPwrCtrIA1g is set as ALGORITHM 1.

a Value range: I to 2Physical value range: I to 2; step: I

o Physical unit: dBSet this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST UFRC,and modify it through SET UFRC.

o For PCA2, the step is fixed to I dB.

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PwrCtrIAlg



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Contents3. Closed Loop Power Control

3.1 Clos ed Loop Power Control Overview3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control3.4 Ou ter Loop Power Control



I


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Basically the downlink inner loop power control process is similar with uplink,UE L3 sends SiRtar to UE LI and then UE Li compares SIRmea with SlRtarIf the SiRmea is greater than the SIRtar, UE sends TPC 0 to NodeB onuplink DPCCH TPC field;Otherwise, UE sends TPC 1 to the NodeB.

The UE shall check the downlink power control mode before generating theTPC, two algorithm DPC_MODE 0 and DPC_MODE I could be used by UE toderive the TPC. Upon receiving the TPC, if the DPC_MODE is 0 the NodeB shall use the TPCto generate the TPCest(k). If the DPC MODE is 1, the NodeB shall use thethree continuous TPCs received to generate the TPCest(k). Then The NodeB will use TPCesk) to calculate PTPc(k), PTpC(k) is thedownlink power adjustment. In the end, the NodeB shall adjust the current downlink power P(k-I) to a newdownlink power P(k), and adjust the power of the DPCCH and DPDCH with

the same amount, since power difference between them is fixed.


Downlink Inner Loop Power ControlUE Li compares the measured SIR to the target SIR, thenderives TPC and sends the TPC Decision to Node B

Derive TPces,k)..(0,1)DPCMDDE

Generate Pyp(k) -jw

CoIcuIatoP(k)

L3 set SiRtar

Inner LoopLI compare

SlRmea withSiRtar

Derive and transmitNodeB TPCbasedon LiEDPC_MODEAdjust ICH Th Powe

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Pow er Control Algorithm and Pa ram eters


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Downlink Inner Loop Power Contro l ModeTwo DPC_MQDE (Down hink Power Control Mode) could beused: ___)

If DPC_MOD E = 0, UE sends a unique TPC in each slot,NodeB sha ll derive TPCet to be 0 or 1, and update the pow erevery slot /2If DPCMODE 1, UE repeats the same TPC over 3 slots,NodeB shall derive TPCest over three slo ts to be 0 or 1, andupdate the power every three slots

The DPC_M ODE parameter is a UE specific parameter contro lled by theUTRA N. The UE shall check the DPC_MODE (Downhink Power Cont rol Mode) before

generating the TPC, and upon receiving the TPC, the NodeB shall adjust itsdownlink DP CH power accordingly.

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Power Control Algorithm and Parameters fDownlink Inner Loop Power Control I


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Mode Parameters DpcMode

Parameter name: Downlink power control modeRecommended value: SINGLE_TPC, namely DPC_MODE = 0

Content: This parameter specifies the downlink power control mode.- SINGLE_TPC, a fast power control mode, indicates that a uniqueTPC command is sent in each timeslot on the UL DPCCH.- TPC_TRIPLETJ N_SOFT, a s low power control mode, indicates thatthe same TPC command is sent over three timeslots. It is applicable tosoft handover, and it can decrease the power deviation.- TPC_AUTO_ADJUST, an automatic adjustment mode, indicates thatthe value of DPC_MODE can be modified by sending the ACTIVE SETUPDATE message to the UE.Value range: SINGLE_TPC (DPC_MODE 0),TPC_TRI PLET_I N_SOFT (DPC_MODE = 1), TPC_AUTD_ADJUSTPhysical recommended value: SINGLE_TPCSet this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST UFRC,and modify it through SET UFRC.


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Power Con tro l Algonthm and Parameters

Downlink Inner Loop Power Control


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(Cont,) After estimating the TP C, Node B shall set the new do wnlink po we r

P(k ) according to th e following form ula:P(k)= P(k1)+PTPC(k)

o W here:P(k1) is (k-i ):th downlink transmission powerPTpC(k) is the power adjustment due to TPCe1k)

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LPower ControJ Algorithm and Parameters F

Downlink Inner Loop Power Control


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(Cont)* PTpc(k) is calculated according to the following:

If the value of Limited Power Increase Used parameter is NotUsed, then:

if TPCesr(k)=1f TPC,(k)=O

Where: TPCe(k) is the estimated TPC is downlink power adjustment step size, its determined by

the parameter FddTpcDlStepSize- -J

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Downtink Inner Loop Power Control


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00

1

TP, (k) = I and 4,, (k) +4


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PCJNNER_LOOP_LMTED_PWRJNC_SWITCHThis is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control switch) parameter.

a Content: When the switch is on , the limited power increase function isused fo r DL inner loop power control.

a Value range: 1, 0a Physical value range: ON, OFF

Set this parameter through SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH, query itthrough LST UCORRMALGOSWITCH, and modify it through EJUCORRMALGOSWITCH.

FdcfTpcDlStepSizea Content: This parameter specifies the step size of the closed-loop

power control performed on DL DPCH in Frequency Division Duplex(FDD) mode.a Value range: STEPSIZE_0.5DB, STEPSIZE_IDB, STEPSIZE_1.5DB,STEPS1ZE_2DBa Physical value range: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2; step: Ia Physical unit: dB

Set this parameter through SET UFRC, query it through LST UFRC,and modify it through SET UFRC.

1!

Parameters PCJNNER_LOOP_LMTED_PWRJNC_SWITCH

a This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control switch)parameter

a Recommended value: 0, namely OFF FddTpcDlStepSize

a Parameter name: FDD DL power control step sizea Recommended value: STEPSIZE_1DB, namely 1dB

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Contents


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3. Closed Loop Power Control3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control3.4 Outer Loop Power Control

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1Power Control Algorithm and Parameters

rOuter Loop Power Control


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The main reason of outer loop power control:The QoS of Signaling or Traffic is BLER, no t SIR.

The purpose of outer loop power control:The aim is to maintain the communication quality at the level requiredby the service through adjustment of SIR target.

The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop powercontrol:SlR should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding correctly.But different multi-path radio environments request different SiRtar.Therefore, the outer loop power control can adjust the SiRtar to get astable BLER in the changeable radio environment.


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Why we need outer loop power control?

BIER:9EE

SIR

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Contro l


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Uplink outer-loop power con trol is performed in the SRNC. The SRNCmeasures the received BLER and compares it with the BLE Rr:

If the BLERm is greater than the BLERr, the SRNC increases theSI Rta r.If the BLERmea is smaller than the BLERtar, the SRNC decreases theSIR.Af ter adjusting the SiRtar, the SRNC sends the new SiRtar to the NodeBs foruplink inner loop power contr ol th rough Frame Pro toc ol (FP) frames.

Measure BLER of receiveddata and compare with theBLER( Out loop

Set BLERt ar

Inner loopMeas ure SIR andcom pare with. SIR t

A Tran smit TPCNodeS

Set SiR tarRNC UE

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CInitial SIR Setting


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The inftaI SIR target value (mit_SIR_target) is service-dependent and is provided by the RNC to the NodeB F For the SRB and TRB, the values of SIR target,Max_SIR_target, and Mm_SIR_target must fulfill thefollowing requirement: Mm_SIR_target SIR target 0 and LS lRtar> Max_SIR_in crease_step ,then SlRr (n+1) = SlR r (n) + Max_SiR_increase_stepIf ASiRtar Max_SIR _decrease_step ,then SIR(n+1) = SlRtar (fl) - Max_SIR_decrease_step

C

Where,ASlRar is the adjustment of SiRtar, and ASiRtar = SiRtar (n+1) - SiRtar (n).ABS (ASiRtar) means absolute valu e of ASiRtar.

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Parameters Example of BLER-basedUplink Outer Loop Power Control


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SRB 3.4K 0.01 2dB 5dB 2 dB 40 ms 0.004dB 0.4dB 0.2dBSRB 13.6K 0.01 4dB 5dB 2dB 20 ms 0.01 dO 0.5 B 0 .2dOAMRI22K 0.01 2dB 5dB 2dB 2Oms 0.005dB 0.5dB 0.2dBCS 64K 0.002 4dB 7dB 2dB 2Oms 0,002dB 1 dO 0.1 dOPS I/B 81< 0.01 2 dB S dB 2dB 40 ms 0.004dB 0.4dB 0.2dBPS I/B 161< 0.01 2 dO S dO 2 dO 20 nis 0.004 dO 0.4 dO 0.2 dOPSI/B32K 0.01 2dB 5dB 2dB 2Oms 0.004dB 0.4dB 0.2dBPS I/B 641< 0.01 2 dO 5 dB 2dB 20 ms 0.004 dO 0.4 dO 0.2 dO

0.01 2 dO 5 dO 2 dO 20 ms 0.004 dO 0.4 dO 0.2 dOPSI/B 0.01 2.5dB 5.5dB 2dB 20nis 0.004dB 0.4dB 0.2dB

0.01 4 dO 7 dO 2 dO 20 ms 0.004 dO 0.4dB 0.2 dO

I/B: Interactive and Background. Set the BLERtarget of Service through ADD UTYPRABOL PC, query it through

LST UTYPRABOLPC, and modify it through MOD UTYPRABOLPC.

PS I/B 0.01 8dB 9dB384K 2dB 20 ms 0.004dB 0.4 dO 0.2 dO

Where,

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control FParameters c


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PC_OLPC_SWITCHThis is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control switch)parameter

Q Recommended value: 1, namely ON OLPC adjustment period

This parameter specifies the adjustment period of outer-loop [)power control.Recommended Value: The same as the TTI U

DPC OLPC SWITCH

This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control switch) parameter. [Comments: When the switch is on , the RNC updates the UL SIRTARGET of radio links on the NodeB side through IUB DCH FP in-band signaling.Value range: 1, 0Physical value range: ON, OF FSet this parameter through SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH, query itthrough LST UCORRMALGOS WITCH, and modify it throughIUCORRMALGOSWITCH.

OLPC adjustment periodValue Range: 1-100

Unit: lOms Actual Value Range: 101000 LIRecommended Value: The same as the TTIThis parameter is set to a large value, UE s cannot process channel Ichanges in time, causing the QoS to deteriorate and wasting powerresources. If this parameter is set to a very small value, the target SIRis sharply adjusted. Such great fluctuations cause uplink cell capacityto decrease.Set this parameterthrough SET UTYPRABOLPC, query it through JIUTYPRABOLPC, and modify it through SET UTYPRABOLPC. L

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Power Control Algorithm and Parameters I

Uplink Outer Loop Power ControlBased on BER


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The OLPC based on the BER is similar to the OLPC basedon the BLER, but the BE R is used as the control object.

When the UE is in discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode,the RNC cannot receive data or update the BLER.Therefore, the BE R is used to solve this problem.

C

VIn an optimal condition, the BER target is the average BER after filtering withinthe adjustment period. The BER target is obtained before the DTX periodstarts during the outer-loop power control period. During soft handover, theBE R target is the minimum value among all the links. When the BLER is aconstant, the BE R on the DPCCH can vary within a limited range.

If the UE is in DTX, the NodeB measures the BE R on the UL DPCCH andsend it to RN C through IUB DCH FP Frame. Upon receiving the BER, the RN C compares it with the BE R target.

If the measured BER is greater than the BE R target, the OLPCincreases the SIR target.If the measured BER is smaller than the BE R target, the OLPC Cecreases the SIR target.

Ii

C![14

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Downiink Outer Loop Power Control


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Measure BLER ofreceived data andcompare with theBLEP.,

The down link outer loo p power control is implemented inside the UE.Therefore, th is alg orithm is specified by UE manufacturer.

The information signaled to the UE by the RNC is a quality target for eachradio bearer, expressed as a BLER target. Then , depending on themanufacturer specific outer-loop power control algorithm, an initial SIR targetvalue can be deduced from this BLER value. Generally, the UE L3 (RRC Layer) measures the received BLER and comparesit with the BLERtar

If the BLERm is greater than the BLERr, the L3 increases the SiRtarand send it to UE LI (Physical Layer).If the BLERmea is smaller than the BLERr, the L3 decreases the SIR2.

Inner loo p

I 3

Outer loopetRA.ransmit TPCNodeB Measure SIR andcompare with .SiRUE



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2WCDMA RAN14 Radio Net Fea Alg Tr1 Power Cont

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